No abstract provided. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

published_or_final_version / Geography and Geology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Osnabrück, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Osnabrück, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Ana Claudia Giannini Borges / Banca: Vicente Eudes Lemos Alves / Banca: José Gilberto de Souza / Resumo: O setor sucroalcooleiro brasileiro passa por várias transformações econômicas, tecnológicas, produtivas e organizacionais, ao logo de sua história. Nestas há, inclusive, a mudança da forma como o Estado regula o setor que, a partir da década de 1990, altera a dinâmica concorrencial, institucional e de coordenação deste setor. Este passa por um processo de expansão (área em produção e da quantidade produzida) devido a estas mudanças e a outros fatores, como a tecnologia flex fuel e a busca por combustíveis de fontes renováveis. Esta expansão está associada, também, a disponibilidade de terras para a cultura agrícola da cana-de-açúcar, a necessidade da agroindústria em estabelecer contratos de obtenção de cana-de-açúcar e a decisão dos proprietários/produtores rurais em firmar estes contratos. Dentro deste contexto, busca-se, neste trabalho, identificar e analisar no Território, as relações contratuais, entre uma agroindústria sucroalcooleira e os proprietários/produtores rurais, a partir das teorias da Renda da Terra e da Economia dos Custos de Transação, tendo como expressão as relações de poder e as determinações territoriais. Para tal, realiza-se: pesquisa bibliográfica (referencial setorial e referencial teórico), pesquisa documental, coleta de dados secundários (sobre a cultura agrícola da cana-de-açúcar e demais formas de uso das terras agropecuário) e coleta de dados primários via entrevistas (pesquisador das ciências jurídicas; proprietários/produtores rurais; represen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Brazilian sugar and ethanol sector undergoes various economic, technological, productive and organizational transformations, throughout its history. In addition, there is a change in the way the state regulates the sector, which, starting in the 1990s, changes the competitive, institutional and coordination dynamics of the sector. It goes through a process of expansion (production area and quality) due to these changes and other factors, such as flexible fuel technology and a search for renewable fuels. This expansion is also associated with land availability for the sugar cane crop, with the agribusiness necessity for establishing sugar cane concession contracts, and a decision by the owners / producers to sign these contracts. Within this context, the objective of this paper is to identify and analyze in the region, the contractual relations between a sugar-alcohol agroindustry and the land owners / producers, based on the theories of Land Income and Transaction Costs Economics, Emphasizing relations of power and territorial determinations. For this purpose, a research (sector referential and theoretical reference), documentary research, collection of secondary data (on the sugar cane crop and other forms of agricultural land use) and primary data collection via Interviews (researcher of legal sciences, landowners / farmers, representative of the sugar-alcohol agro-industry object and researchers of the agricultural sciences) has been performed. It is possible to identify in the characteristics of the contractual relation of obtaining sugarcane, between owners / producers and agribusinesses, that there are distinctions, for both, regarding: economic, legal and technical aspects; bargaining power; and the information access. Furthermore, the opportunistic behavior is evidenced mainly by the agroindustry and the limited rationality standing out for the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: José Gilberto de Souza / Banca: Vicente Eudes Lemos Alves / Banca: Amauri Tadeu Barbosa Nogueira / Banca: Natália Freire Bellentani / Banca: Valéria de Marcos / Resumo: O processo de monopolização capitalista na agricultura que a região dos cerrados piauienses vivencia remete às transformações territoriais e à recomposição no território de ordem técnica e orgânica. Essa reestruturação territorial adorna fatores que induzem as cidades preexistentes a se revestirem de acordo com as dinâmicas oriundas do campo. Nesse sentido, a presente Tese tem como objetivo central compreender as novas dinâmicas do espaço rural/urbano dos cerrados nordestinos decorrentes do avanço recente do agronegócio na região, em particular o município piauiense de Uruçuí. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho constou de levantamento bibliográfico, pesquisa de campo, construção de dados a partir de instituições públicas e privadas, observação direta, diário de campo, levantamento cartográfico e iconográfico; por fim, a elaboração da tese. A trilha metodológica percorrida propiciou a constatação de elementos aparentemente dissimétricos, como homogeneização e desigualdade que aparecem fartamente nas determinações territoriais do município. A homogeneização das paisagens é reflexo da agricultura mundializada e se traduz na constituição de uma paisagem monocromática. No âmbito das relações sociais de poder, as ações hegemonizantes do capital obliteram parcela significativa da comunidade local desse processo. Como um dos elementos fundadores da dinâmica econômica presente no município está a aplicação de recursos que dizem respeito aos créditos agrícolas, e que despertou o interesse de produtores capitalizados das mais diversas regiões do País. Outro fator ímpar que garante a constatação da desigualdade social se refere ao comportamento altamente concentrador da estrutura fundiária da região. Ao longo do trabalho. foi possível identificar as determinações territoriais da lógica da produção ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The process of capitalist monopolization in agriculture which the region of the Savannas of Piauí experience refer to territorial transformations, and a recomposition in the territory of technical and organic reasons. This territorial restructuring adorns several factors that induce the pre-existing towns to adapt according to the dynamics from the field. In this regard, this thesis is mainly aimed to understand the new dynamics of rural-urban area of northeastern savannas arising from the recent development of agribusiness in the region, in particularly a town called Uruçui. The methodology employed in this work consisted of bibliographic survey, field research, construction of data from public and private institutions, direct observation, field jornal, cartographic and iconographic survey and, finally, the elaboration of the thesis. The methodological tools used provided the observation of elements apparently dissymmetric as homogenization and inequality that appear widely in the territorial regulations of the town. The homogenization of landscapes is a reflection of the mundialization of the agriculture and translates in the constitution of a monochromatic landscape. Within the framework of social relations of power, the hegomonic actions of the capital obliterate significant portion of the local community in this process. As one of the founding elements of economic dynamics present in the municipality is the application of resources relating to agricultural credits that aroused the interest of capitalized producers from different regions of the country. Another unique factor that ensures the evidence of social inequality refers to high concentrator behavior of the agrarian structure of the region. Over the course of the work it was possible to identify territorial determinations of the logic of production of commodities demonstrated in ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Samuel Frederico / Banca: Fabrício Gallo / Banca: Ricardo Abid Castilho / Resumo: Com a desregulamentação do mercado cafeeiro, a partir da década de 1990, e a subsequente crise internacional do café, muitos produtores brasileiros têm buscado se inserir no mercado de cafés especiais como uma alternativa à produção de cafés convencionais. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi analisar os circuitos espaciais produtivos e os círculos de cooperação da produção de cafés especiais no Sul de Minas Gerais, especificamente do Comércio Justo, do Orgânico e do Gourmet. Para isso, analisamos três relevantes estudos de caso: a Cooperativa dos Produtores de Café Especial de Boa Esperança, a Cooperativa dos Agricultores Familiares de Poço Fundo e a Cooperativa Regional dos Cafeicultores do Vale do Rio Verde. Tratou-se de analisar se a inserção nos circuitos espaciais produtivos desses três tipos de cafés especiais proporcionou um salto de escala (jump of scale) aos pequenos cafeicultores. Entende-se que as noções indissociáveis de circuito espacial produtivo e dos círculos de cooperação são nitidamente transescalares, sendo assim, nos embasamos nesses conceitos para verificar as relações de cooperação e competição entre os agentes nas diferentes escalas geográficas. Ainda que a cafeicultura seja um cultivo fortemente vinculado à lógica das commodities, os grupos de produtores aqui analisados se apropriaram das especificidades dos três tipos de mercados de cafés estudados como um meio de fortalecer sua coesão social. Embora cada um deles apresente seus desafios particulares, de maneira geral, a inserção nos circuitos espaciais produtivos dos cafés especiais possibilitou a ampliação da escala geográfica de ação dos produtores. Contudo, a tradução do salto de escalas em empoderamento apresentou limitações, sendo mais expressivo no caso do Comércio Justo e do Orgânico, do que no Gourmet / Abstract: After the deregulation of the coffee market, since the 1990s, and the subsequent international coffee crisis, many Brazilian coffee producers have sought to insert themselves in the specialty coffee market as an alternative to the conventional coffee production. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the spatial productive circuit and circles of cooperation of specialty coffees in Southern Minas Gerais, particularly of Fair Trade, Organic and Gourmet. For this purpose, we have analyzed three relevant cases: Cooperativa dos Produtores de Café Especial de Boa Esperança, Cooperativa dos Agricultores Familiares de Poço Fundo and Cooperativa Regional dos Cafeicultores do Vale do Rio Verde. Our intention was to examine whether the insertion in these spatial productive circuits has provided a jump of scale for the organized small-scale coffee producers. It is understood that the inseparable notion of spatial productive circuit and circles of cooperation are clearly trans-scalar. Thus, we have based our research on these concepts to verify the relations of cooperation and competition between some agents in the different geographical scales. Although coffee production is strongly bounded to the logic of commodities, the cooperatives here analyzed have appropriated some specificities of the specialty coffee market as a means of strengthening their social cohesion. Overall, it was understood that the insertion of these small-scales cooperatives in the spatial productive circuit of the specialty coffee market has allowed the expansion of the producers' geographical scale. However, the translation of the jump of scales into empowerment has presented limitations, being more expressive in the case of Fair Trade and Organic coffee than in the Gourmet one / Mestre

Two issues are focal to the subject of the spatial distribution of crops in peri-urban zones. The first deals with developments in the fields of transportation, other technology, urbanization, and other factors which are not only prevalent in developed world economies, but which also are thought to force the cultivation of freshly consumed agricultural commodities away from the immediate vicinity of the market center. The second issue pertains to indirectly consumed crops, which are thought to shun proximity to the market center, where land rents per unit area are characteristically high, even when conditions for productions are ideal. Traditional models have shown a zonal pattern of crop distribution in peri-urban areas. The present study sets forth two hypotheses, one pertaining to the spatial distribution of freshly consumed crops, and the other pertaining to the spatial distribution of indirectly consumed crops. It was hypothesized in the present study that freshly consumed crops will continue to be cultivated in the near vicinity of the market center due to characteristics of the crops and the urban market. It was further hypothesized that indirectly consumed crops will continue to be cultivated in the near vicinity of the market center by virtue of greater intensity of production that may be obtained through the use of the environment of designated places. In the case of both crops, the cited factors, as well as others, offset the disadvantages of higher land rent per unit area common to areas close to the market center. These offsetting factors permit agriculture to compete successfully for land in the peri-urban zone. To test these hypotheses, variables were selected to measure the influence that urbanization, transportation, other technologies, the market, the environment, and land use regulations have on agricultural siting patterns in the peri-urban zones of the "Wheat Region" of the central United States. These variables were expressed as equations and were subjected to multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. The present findings tended to support the research hypotheses. On the basis of these findings, the present research offers a revised model of agricultural cropping patterns, one that reflects the sectoral, rather than the zonal, pattern of crop distribution in peri-urban zones. In the revised model, the mixing of different crops at various locations around the market is feasible, and low-priced grains may compete successfully for high-rent locations in the near vicinity of the urban market. The findings also show that the production of perishable crops in the iIl'.mediate vicinity of the urban market is here to stay, largely due to access to varied means of transportation as well as characteristics of the crops themselves. Furthermore, the findings show that environmental conditions influence the locating of grain production, although economic considerations were seen to supersede them, particularly at high-rent sites.

No description available.

No description available.