The aim of this work was to monitor the occurrence of males of corncrake (Crex crex) in the western part of the Šumava National Park and Protected Landscape Area and to find out the effect of meadows ecosystems management on its occurrence. The method of night counting of singing males of corncrake with the help of method of point transect was practised. Male territorial vocalization audio record was used as well. The monitoring lasted for the nesting season of corncrake from 2008 to 2010. The average altitude of studied localities was 879.57 metres above sea-level. Seventy four localities were studied. Corncrake preferred ungrazed and unfertilized perennial grasslands harvested after 15th July. It also preferred temporarily and permanently waterlogged localities. The localities grazed by farm animals affected the occurrence of corncrake negatively. The decrease in number of males was observed from 2008 to 2010 on studied localities. The numbers were even 61,5 % lower. From the above mentioned data it can be concluded that the best management as regards the occurrence of corncrake is ungrazed and unfertilized perennial grassland with late time of harvesting in the case of not fitting into an agroenvironmental programme protecting the corncrake.

O conhecimento acerca da vulnerabilidade ambiental de um território é fundamental para a compreensão da sustentabilidade e da viabilidade da existência de atividades humanas, por ser possível através desse tipo de análise obter dados sobre os atributos presentes no meio que serão alterados em função das atividades existentes. Nesse contexto, um problema atualmente emergente no Brasil, e especificamente no estado de São Paulo, que tende a aumentar significativamente a vulnerabilidade dos sistemas econômicos e ecológicos de forma integrada refere-se à expansão da atividade agrícola da monocultura de cana-de-açúcar, devido aos impactos negativos e às alterações no território no sentido de uma diminuição da resiliência sistêmica. Com isso, o presente trabalho visou analisar como questões relacionadas à vulnerabilidade ambiental foram inseridas no planejamento espacial da expansão desta atividade, focando-se no zoneamento agroambiental do setor sucroalcooleiro de São Paulo (ZAA) como principal política pública atualmente existente no Estado para o setor. Assim, foi possível concluir que o ZAA preconiza somente as potencialidades físicas do território para a expansão da cultura da cana-de-açúcar, desconsiderando as restrições relacionadas à vulnerabilidade ambiental existentes na paisagem, não podendo ser, portanto, considerado como um instrumento indutor de sustentabilidade no seu sentido amplo. / The knowledge about a territory\'s environmental vulnerability is crucial to understand the sustainability and viability of the existence of human activities, through this type of analysis is possible to obtain data about the environment\'s attributes that will be changed due the existing activities. In this context, a problem now emerging in Brazil, and specifically in the state of São Paulo, which tends to significantly increase the vulnerability of economic and ecological systems, in an integrated way, refers to the expansion of the monoculture farming of sugarcane, because the negative impacts and changes in the territory toward a decrease in systemic resilience. Accordingly, this research aimed to analyze how issues related to environmental vulnerability were included in the spatial planning of this activity expansion, focusing on the agroenvironmental zoning of São Paulo\'s sugarcane sector, as the currently main public policy for the sector in the State. It has been concluded that the zoning recommends only the physical potentialities for sugarcane farming, disregarding the restrictions related to environmental vulnerability in the landscape, therefore, can\'t be seen as a means of inducing sustainability, in its widest sense.

O conhecimento acerca da vulnerabilidade ambiental de um território é fundamental para a compreensão da sustentabilidade e da viabilidade da existência de atividades humanas, por ser possível através desse tipo de análise obter dados sobre os atributos presentes no meio que serão alterados em função das atividades existentes. Nesse contexto, um problema atualmente emergente no Brasil, e especificamente no estado de São Paulo, que tende a aumentar significativamente a vulnerabilidade dos sistemas econômicos e ecológicos de forma integrada refere-se à expansão da atividade agrícola da monocultura de cana-de-açúcar, devido aos impactos negativos e às alterações no território no sentido de uma diminuição da resiliência sistêmica. Com isso, o presente trabalho visou analisar como questões relacionadas à vulnerabilidade ambiental foram inseridas no planejamento espacial da expansão desta atividade, focando-se no zoneamento agroambiental do setor sucroalcooleiro de São Paulo (ZAA) como principal política pública atualmente existente no Estado para o setor. Assim, foi possível concluir que o ZAA preconiza somente as potencialidades físicas do território para a expansão da cultura da cana-de-açúcar, desconsiderando as restrições relacionadas à vulnerabilidade ambiental existentes na paisagem, não podendo ser, portanto, considerado como um instrumento indutor de sustentabilidade no seu sentido amplo. / The knowledge about a territory\'s environmental vulnerability is crucial to understand the sustainability and viability of the existence of human activities, through this type of analysis is possible to obtain data about the environment\'s attributes that will be changed due the existing activities. In this context, a problem now emerging in Brazil, and specifically in the state of São Paulo, which tends to significantly increase the vulnerability of economic and ecological systems, in an integrated way, refers to the expansion of the monoculture farming of sugarcane, because the negative impacts and changes in the territory toward a decrease in systemic resilience. Accordingly, this research aimed to analyze how issues related to environmental vulnerability were included in the spatial planning of this activity expansion, focusing on the agroenvironmental zoning of São Paulo\'s sugarcane sector, as the currently main public policy for the sector in the State. It has been concluded that the zoning recommends only the physical potentialities for sugarcane farming, disregarding the restrictions related to environmental vulnerability in the landscape, therefore, can\'t be seen as a means of inducing sustainability, in its widest sense.

Landuse for farming purposes is an indispensable part of management in specially protected areas although the process of farming has been importantly limited by restrictive arrangements, as agrotechnological terms which are caused by the needs of environmental protection. This diploma thesis deals with the impact of some limiting rules on running of the farms which are farming in convenction way, situated in the area CHKO Šumava. Field research was performed in the form of dialogs and was focused on detection of owner´s opinions concerning their relationship with CHKO authority, impact of agrotechnological terms on running of the farm and revealing of their future plans. Based on the analysis it is possible to say that all the farmers declare the cooperation with CHKO authority as definitely negative whereas the present payments for natural disadvantage compensation appears to be clearly positive and they cannot imagine future farming without them. Agrotechnological terms followed from specific regime of specially protected areas have been declared as minimally restrictive because the owners have adopted them the farm working.

Landuse for farming purposes in specially protected areas could be characterised as a longterm process of seeking balance between the concerns of environmental protection and farming activities. This is also true for agriculture. Precautions to protect the environment mean certain limitiation, however, on the other hand, suitable forms of farming a large protected area can be supported by the state. Farmers can gain the government support not only for their own agricultural production but also to carry out various environmental task to maintain the landscape. This diploma thesis evaluates the use of governmental support in the protected area Třeboňsko. It analyses the structure of farms and agriculture companies, the system of farming activities, structure and development of farmland. According to the system of farming, it evaluates the use of financial support from the Ministry of Agriculture with the emphasis on the environmental protection and its improvement. It also finds out about the importance of the subsidies for the farmers. Based on the analyses that were carried out it is possible to say that all types of farming companies make use of the subsidy support from the Ministry of Agriculture. The farmers use the Programme for Rural Areas Development to permanently develop the country and improve the environmment. They use mainly the payments for natural disadvantage compensation and for agroenvironmental precautions. The subsidies often form a substantial source of the farming subjects' income.