The aim of this work was to monitor the occurrence of males of corncrake (Crex crex) in the western part of the Šumava National Park and Protected Landscape Area and to find out the effect of meadows ecosystems management on its occurrence. The method of night counting of singing males of corncrake with the help of method of point transect was practised. Male territorial vocalization audio record was used as well. The monitoring lasted for the nesting season of corncrake from 2008 to 2010. The average altitude of studied localities was 879.57 metres above sea-level. Seventy four localities were studied. Corncrake preferred ungrazed and unfertilized perennial grasslands harvested after 15th July. It also preferred temporarily and permanently waterlogged localities. The localities grazed by farm animals affected the occurrence of corncrake negatively. The decrease in number of males was observed from 2008 to 2010 on studied localities. The numbers were even 61,5 % lower. From the above mentioned data it can be concluded that the best management as regards the occurrence of corncrake is ungrazed and unfertilized perennial grassland with late time of harvesting in the case of not fitting into an agroenvironmental programme protecting the corncrake.

O conhecimento acerca da vulnerabilidade ambiental de um território é fundamental para a compreensão da sustentabilidade e da viabilidade da existência de atividades humanas, por ser possível através desse tipo de análise obter dados sobre os atributos presentes no meio que serão alterados em função das atividades existentes. Nesse contexto, um problema atualmente emergente no Brasil, e especificamente no estado de São Paulo, que tende a aumentar significativamente a vulnerabilidade dos sistemas econômicos e ecológicos de forma integrada refere-se à expansão da atividade agrícola da monocultura de cana-de-açúcar, devido aos impactos negativos e às alterações no território no sentido de uma diminuição da resiliência sistêmica. Com isso, o presente trabalho visou analisar como questões relacionadas à vulnerabilidade ambiental foram inseridas no planejamento espacial da expansão desta atividade, focando-se no zoneamento agroambiental do setor sucroalcooleiro de São Paulo (ZAA) como principal política pública atualmente existente no Estado para o setor. Assim, foi possível concluir que o ZAA preconiza somente as potencialidades físicas do território para a expansão da cultura da cana-de-açúcar, desconsiderando as restrições relacionadas à vulnerabilidade ambiental existentes na paisagem, não podendo ser, portanto, considerado como um instrumento indutor de sustentabilidade no seu sentido amplo. / The knowledge about a territory\'s environmental vulnerability is crucial to understand the sustainability and viability of the existence of human activities, through this type of analysis is possible to obtain data about the environment\'s attributes that will be changed due the existing activities. In this context, a problem now emerging in Brazil, and specifically in the state of São Paulo, which tends to significantly increase the vulnerability of economic and ecological systems, in an integrated way, refers to the expansion of the monoculture farming of sugarcane, because the negative impacts and changes in the territory toward a decrease in systemic resilience. Accordingly, this research aimed to analyze how issues related to environmental vulnerability were included in the spatial planning of this activity expansion, focusing on the agroenvironmental zoning of São Paulo\'s sugarcane sector, as the currently main public policy for the sector in the State. It has been concluded that the zoning recommends only the physical potentialities for sugarcane farming, disregarding the restrictions related to environmental vulnerability in the landscape, therefore, can\'t be seen as a means of inducing sustainability, in its widest sense.

O conhecimento acerca da vulnerabilidade ambiental de um território é fundamental para a compreensão da sustentabilidade e da viabilidade da existência de atividades humanas, por ser possível através desse tipo de análise obter dados sobre os atributos presentes no meio que serão alterados em função das atividades existentes. Nesse contexto, um problema atualmente emergente no Brasil, e especificamente no estado de São Paulo, que tende a aumentar significativamente a vulnerabilidade dos sistemas econômicos e ecológicos de forma integrada refere-se à expansão da atividade agrícola da monocultura de cana-de-açúcar, devido aos impactos negativos e às alterações no território no sentido de uma diminuição da resiliência sistêmica. Com isso, o presente trabalho visou analisar como questões relacionadas à vulnerabilidade ambiental foram inseridas no planejamento espacial da expansão desta atividade, focando-se no zoneamento agroambiental do setor sucroalcooleiro de São Paulo (ZAA) como principal política pública atualmente existente no Estado para o setor. Assim, foi possível concluir que o ZAA preconiza somente as potencialidades físicas do território para a expansão da cultura da cana-de-açúcar, desconsiderando as restrições relacionadas à vulnerabilidade ambiental existentes na paisagem, não podendo ser, portanto, considerado como um instrumento indutor de sustentabilidade no seu sentido amplo. / The knowledge about a territory\'s environmental vulnerability is crucial to understand the sustainability and viability of the existence of human activities, through this type of analysis is possible to obtain data about the environment\'s attributes that will be changed due the existing activities. In this context, a problem now emerging in Brazil, and specifically in the state of São Paulo, which tends to significantly increase the vulnerability of economic and ecological systems, in an integrated way, refers to the expansion of the monoculture farming of sugarcane, because the negative impacts and changes in the territory toward a decrease in systemic resilience. Accordingly, this research aimed to analyze how issues related to environmental vulnerability were included in the spatial planning of this activity expansion, focusing on the agroenvironmental zoning of São Paulo\'s sugarcane sector, as the currently main public policy for the sector in the State. It has been concluded that the zoning recommends only the physical potentialities for sugarcane farming, disregarding the restrictions related to environmental vulnerability in the landscape, therefore, can\'t be seen as a means of inducing sustainability, in its widest sense.

Landuse for farming purposes is an indispensable part of management in specially protected areas although the process of farming has been importantly limited by restrictive arrangements, as agrotechnological terms which are caused by the needs of environmental protection. This diploma thesis deals with the impact of some limiting rules on running of the farms which are farming in convenction way, situated in the area CHKO Šumava. Field research was performed in the form of dialogs and was focused on detection of owner´s opinions concerning their relationship with CHKO authority, impact of agrotechnological terms on running of the farm and revealing of their future plans. Based on the analysis it is possible to say that all the farmers declare the cooperation with CHKO authority as definitely negative whereas the present payments for natural disadvantage compensation appears to be clearly positive and they cannot imagine future farming without them. Agrotechnological terms followed from specific regime of specially protected areas have been declared as minimally restrictive because the owners have adopted them the farm working.

Landuse for farming purposes in specially protected areas could be characterised as a longterm process of seeking balance between the concerns of environmental protection and farming activities. This is also true for agriculture. Precautions to protect the environment mean certain limitiation, however, on the other hand, suitable forms of farming a large protected area can be supported by the state. Farmers can gain the government support not only for their own agricultural production but also to carry out various environmental task to maintain the landscape. This diploma thesis evaluates the use of governmental support in the protected area Třeboňsko. It analyses the structure of farms and agriculture companies, the system of farming activities, structure and development of farmland. According to the system of farming, it evaluates the use of financial support from the Ministry of Agriculture with the emphasis on the environmental protection and its improvement. It also finds out about the importance of the subsidies for the farmers. Based on the analyses that were carried out it is possible to say that all types of farming companies make use of the subsidy support from the Ministry of Agriculture. The farmers use the Programme for Rural Areas Development to permanently develop the country and improve the environmment. They use mainly the payments for natural disadvantage compensation and for agroenvironmental precautions. The subsidies often form a substantial source of the farming subjects' income.

La sélection de l'information intégrée à l'agenda politique représente une étape décisive pour les politiciens, influencée par des contraintes telles que les ressources limitées et la dispersion de l'attention nécessaire pour résoudre les problèmes prioritaires. Cette dynamique souligne l'importance croissante du rôle de la capacité de l'État dans la conception et la formation de l'agenda politique, un sujet sous-étudié dans la littérature sur les politiques publiques. Cette thèse se focalise précisément sur une question qui a été peu explorée jusqu'à présent : quelle est l'influence de la capacité de l'État sur la formation de l'agenda politique ? Afin de répondre à cette question, trois chapitres empiriques ont été développés, visant à examiner la dynamique complexe entre la capacité de l'État et l'agenda politique au Brésil. Le premier article (chapitre 3) met en lumière les mécanismes de changement de l'agenda législatif pendant les conflits agro-environnementaux au niveau national. Il souligne comment la capacité du secteur agricole et de l'environnement influence les informations intégrées dans l’agenda politique. L'article conclut que les secteurs agricoles dotés d'une plus grande capacité étatique ont tendance à bloquer les sujets environnementaux de l'agenda politique, mais que sous la pression médiatique, ils peuvent être amenés à concéder temporairement à ceux avec une capacité moindre. Le deuxième article (chapitre 4) examine l'influence de la capacité étatique sur l'utilisation de l'information scientifique pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 au niveau régional. Il révèle que les États avec une forte capacité épidémiologique ont tendance à privilégier l'information scientifique dans leur agenda politique, même lorsque d'autres approches sont disponibles. L'article souligne également que la capacité épidémiologique des États devient cruciale pour déterminer le type d'information intégrée dans l'agenda politique, en particulier en période de crise. Le troisième article de cette thèse (chapitre 5) explore l’influence de l'opinion publique sur la gravité des mesures prises lors de la pandémie de COVID-19 au niveau régional. Il met en évidence que les États avec des capacités épidémiologiques plus fortes tendent à accorder une plus grande importance aux préoccupations de santé publique dans leurs décisions politiques, tandis que ceux avec des capacités moindres peuvent être davantage influencés par les préoccupations économiques. L'article conclut que la capacité étatique influence la manière dont les ii gouvernements interprètent et utilisent l'information de l'opinion publique pour définir leur agenda politique. En conclusion, ces articles démontrent le rôle crucial de la capacité étatique dans la formation de l'agenda politique. Cette capacité influence la sélection et la priorisation de l'information, ce qui en retour détermine les sujets abordés par les décideurs politiques. Comprendre le fonctionnement de la capacité étatique est donc indispensable pour appréhender pleinement les mécanismes de la formation de l'agenda politique. / The selection of information integrated into the political agenda represents a crucial step for politicians, influenced by constraints such as limited resources and the dispersion of attention needed to address priority issues. This dynamic increasingly emphasizes the importance of the state's capacity in shaping and forming the political agenda, a topic under-explored in the literature on public policy. This thesis specifically focuses on a question that has been relatively unexplored until now: what is the influence of state capacity on the formation of the political agenda? To address this question, three empirical chapters were developed, aiming to examine the complex dynamics between state capacity and the political agenda in Brazil. The first article (Chapter 3) highlights the mechanisms of legislative agenda change during agroenvironmental conflicts at the national level. It emphasizes how the capacity of the agricultural and environmental sectors influences the information integrated into the political agenda. The article concludes that agricultural sectors with greater state capacity tend to block environmental issues from the political agenda, but under media pressure, they may be temporarily compelled to concede to those with lesser capacity. The second article (Chapter 4) examines the influence of state capacity on the use of scientific information during the COVID-19 pandemic at the regional level. It reveals that states with strong epidemiological capacity tend to prioritize scientific information in their political agenda, even when other approaches are available. The article also emphasizes that the epidemiological capacity of states becomes crucial in determining the type of information integrated into the political agenda, especially during times of crisis. The third article of this thesis (Chapter 5) explores the influence of public opinion on the severity of measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic at the regional level. It highlights that states with stronger epidemiological capacities tend to prioritize public health concerns more in their policy decisions, while those with weaker capacities may be more influenced by economic concerns. The article concludes that state capacity influences how governments interpret and use public opinion information to shape their political agenda. In conclusion, these articles demonstrate the crucial role of state capacity in shaping the political agenda. This capacity influences the selection and prioritization of information, which in turn determines the topics addressed by policymakers. Understanding the functioning of state capacity is therefore essential for fully grasping the mechanisms of agenda formation.