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No description available.

The spatial variation of tree growth and site factors was studied in a silvopastoral system at Glensaugh in Northeast Scotland. Sycamore (<I>Acer pseudoplatanus</I> L). Hybrid larch (<I>Larix </I>x <I>eruolepsis</I> Henry) and Scots pine (<I>Pinus sylvestris</I> L) were planted at 5 m x 5 m, 7.1 m x 7.1 m and 10 m x 10 m spacings on plots replicated over three blocks in a Randomised Complete Block design on a rye grass (<I>Lolium perenne</I> L) pasture which was grazed by sheep yearly from April to October. Included in the design were an agricultural control, forestry control and mowed plots. The agricultural control had no trees but grazed pasture and the mowed plots had trees but the pasture was not grazed, instead it was cut at intervals and left to decompose on site. The forestry control plots had no pasture and as such were not given fertiliser treatments and soil samples were not collected from them, in these the trees were planted at the standard 2 m x 2 m spacings and fenced off from the animals. Pastures received 160 kg N/ha^-1 annum^-1 in four equal applications. The objective of this work is to study at tree-scale the spatial variation of tree growth and site factors in grazed and ungrazed silvopastoral system plots. Total soil N, available Mg and Ca, as well as organic matter (OM), %C, pH in water and Calcium chloride increased significantly with distance from the tree while P decreased significantly with distance from the tree in grazed plots. The presence of trees or animals alone in a treatment did not significantly influence soil nutrient redistribution in a silvopastoral system. Therefore it takes the combined presence of trees and animals in a silvopastoral treatment for a significant redistribution of soil nutrients around the tree to occur.

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Thesis (M. Env. St.)--University of Adelaide, Mawson Graduate Centre for Environmental Studies, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-98).

Bibliography: leaves 72-76. A case study of Rakazampa region was carried out based on agroecosystem analysis combined with Rapid Rural Appraisal, literature review, personal communication and personal ideas. To adopt and enhance agroforestry in Rakazampa as well as in Bhutan, some general recommendations are given.

This thesis examines the role of indigenous woody species in 'farmer-led' agricultural change in south east Nigeria. The study, carried out in parts of Cross River State and Akwa Ibom State, is set in the context of the recent trend among development professionals to stress the use of indigenous species and local knowledge in future development projects. Emphasising throughout the use of both indigenous knowledge and indigenous woody species, as well as participatory research techniques, the study comprised three main stages. The first stage was the selection of three study villages in different agroecological zones, one in a heavily forested area, one in a derived savanna area, and one in an area with little natural 'bush' remaining. Social surveys were carried out in the study villages to collect information concerning agricultural methods and problems, and the local use of woody species. The ethnobotanical results from this survey were documented and analysed, and the results were used in an examination of the impact of population density on the development of local natural resource management systems and indigenous agricultural innovation. Secondly, four indigenous woody species were selected in conjunction with the local communities, namely; Albizia zygia, Dialium guineense, Ridnodendron heudelotii and Uvaria chamae. A botanical study, including germination and growth trials in Calabar and phenological observations in the field, was conducted in relation to these four species. Finally, using the data collected during the social surveys, field trials and observations, an attempt was made to work with the villagers to develop ways in which some of the most pressing agricultural problems could be addressed using local knowledge and resources. As a result, a framework was developed for use in future rural development projects in the region, in an attempt to contribute to the current move by development professionals towards fuller community participation. Key words: agroforestry, indigenous woody species, 'farmer-led' innovation, germination trials, phenology, Albizia zygia, Dialium guineense, Ricinodendron heudelotii, Uvaria chamae, community participation, south east Nigeria.

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No description available.

No description available.