The purpose of this research was to study agricultural crop production 'decision support systems' as a means of transferring agricultural technology from research labs and plots to producers, extension specialists, agriculture service agencies, and scientists, on the Western Canadian Prairies. A 'decision support system' is a computer program that analyses problems spanning several knowledge or problem areas producing results that aid the management decision-making process. The primary objective was to develop a computer application program that would fulfill the farm manager's decision support needs and be "open" to future enhancements. This interdisciplinary study has a strong agricultural presence in the application context of the resultant computerized agricultural decision support system, with agronomics being the foundation on which the system was built, and computer science being the toolbox used to build it. Farm Smart 2000 is the resultant decision support system, providing "single-window" access to three different tiers of decision support utilizing the Internet, ' expert systems' and integrated multiple heterogeneous 'reusable agents' in a cooperative problem-solving environment. An ' expert system' is a computer program that solves complicated problems, within a specific knowledge or problem area, that would otherwise require human expertise. Expert systems integrated with each other within a decision support system are called 'agents. Reusable agents' are modular computer programs (e.g. expert systems) which can be used in more than one computer application with little or no modification. Farm Smart 2000 provides support for most management aspects of crop production including variety selection, crop rotations, weed management, disease management, residue management, harvesting, soil conservation, and economics, for the crops of wheat, canola, barley, peas, and flax. Tier-3, the most sophisticated level of Farm Smart 2000, is the focus of this dissertation and utilizes multiple reusable agents, integrating them such that they cooperate together to solve complex interrelated crop production problems. A Global Control Expert achieves the required communication and coordination among the agents resulting in an "open system", enabling Farm Smart 2000 to extend its problem-solving capabilities by integrating additional agents and knowledge, without system re-engineering, thereby remaining an ongoing technology transfer vehicle.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The region of the Table Lands Sergipano is characterized by intense intemperization, because the influence of the high regime of rainfall and conditions of high temperature, so that there are mainly changes in physical and chemical properties of soil. The search for productive and environmental sustainability in agroecosystems is necessary to measure indicators of soil quality, to determine the behavior of physical attributes, chemical and microbiological for them to develop a management systems that degrade less the environment without compromising the productivity. This work have for aim evaluate the quality soil, through indicators of quality in different management systems (no-tillage, minimum tillage and conventional tillage), using leguminous plants (plants coverage: Pea (Cajanus cajan) and Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea); plants commercial: Bean (Phaseolus vulgares) and Peanut (Arachis hypogea)) in succession to the cultivation of sweet corn in agroecosystem of a soil classified as Ultissol Red Yellow located on the Campus Rural of the University Federal of Sergipe. The agronomics parameters were assessed: physical (mechanical resistance to penetration, density, diameter average weighted and percentage of aggregates stable in water), chemical (cation exchange capacity, base saturation and content of phosphorus) and microbiological (microbial biomass, breath basal and ratio of breath). The system notillage went who more contributed for improve the quality of soil proportianing better conditions physical, chemical and microbiological to the soil as: lower value of resistance to penetration from the depth of 20 cm, higher value of diameter average weighted, higher percentage of aggregates stable in water, higher value of CTC (cation exchange capacity), higher value of V (base saturation), higher value on the content of phosphorus, higher microbial biomass, lower value of breath basal, lower value of ratio of breath, higher value of total organic carbon. On the cultures tested in succession there was a large variation in results, with the plots where the sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea) was grown, it was obtained lower mechanical resistance to penetration at all depths no system no-tillage. In plots where it was grown pea (Cajanus cajan) were obtained highest values of phosphorus in the system no-tillage. The highest yield of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) was obtained in the system of cultivation no-tillage in respect minimum tillage and conventional tillage, and the sunn hemp provided greater productivity of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) in minimum tillage systems and conventional. The bean (Phaseolus vulgares) provided the greatest productivity of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivation system no-tillage. / A região dos Tabuleiros Costeiros Sergipano é caracterizada pela intensa intemperização, devido a influência do regime alto de precipitação e condições de alta temperatura, fazendo com que haja alterações principalmente nas propriedades físicas e químicas do solo. A busca pela sustentabilidade produtiva e ambiental nos agroecossistemas se faz necessária a mensuração de indicadores de qualidade do solo, para determinar o comportamento dos atributos físicos, químicos e microbiológicos para que possa desenvolver um sistemas de manejo que degrade menos o meio ambiente sem comprometer a produtividade. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a qualidade do solo, através de indicadores de qualidade em diferentes sistemas de manejo (Plantio Direto, Cultivo Mínimo e Cultivo Convencional), utilizando plantas leguminosas (Plantas de cobertura: Guandu (Cajanus cajan) e Crotalária (Crotalaria juncea); Comerciais: Feijão (Phaseolus vulgares) e Amendoim(Arachis hypogea)) em sucessão ao cultivo do Milho doce em um agroecossistema de solo classificado como ARGISSOLO VERMELHO Amarelo localizado no Campus Rural da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Os parâmetros agronômicos avaliados foram: físicos (resistência mecânica à penetração, densidade, diâmetro médio ponderado e percentagem de agregados estáveis em água), químicos (capacidade de troca catiônica, saturação por bases e Teor de fósforo) e microbiológicos (biomassa microbiana, respiração basal e quociente de respiração). O sistema de cultivo Plantio Direto foi que mais contribuiu para melhorar a qualidade do solo proporcionando melhores condições físicas, químicas e microbiológicas ao solo como: menor valor de resistência mecânica à penetração a partir da profundidade de 20 cm, maior valor de diâmetro médio ponderado, maior percentual de agregados estáveis em água, maior valor de CTC (capacidade de troca catiônica), maior valor de V (saturação por bases), maior valor quanto ao Teor de fósforo, maior valor de biomassa microbiana, menor valor de respiração basal, menor valor de quociente de respiração, maior valor de carbono orgânico total. Quanto às culturas em sucessão testadas houve uma grande variação nos resultados, sendo que nas parcelas onde foi cultivada a Crotalária (Crotalaria juncea), obteve-se menores valores de resistência mecânica à penetração em todas as profundidades no sistema de cultivo Plantio Direto. Nas parcelas onde foi cultivado o Guandu (Cajanus cajan) foram obtidos maiores valores de fósforo no sistema de cultivo Plantio direto. A maior produtividade de milho doce foi obtida no sistema de cultivo Plantio Direto em relação aos Cultivo Mínimo e Convencional, sendo que a crotalária (Crotalaria juncea) proporcionou maior produtividade de milho doce (Zea mays L.) nos sistemas de Cultivo Mínimo e Convencional. O feijão proporcionou maior produtividade de milho doce (Zea mays L.) no sistema de cultivo Plantio Direto.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:59:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_aline_scheer_silva.pdf: 610242 bytes, checksum: 37c7b5c817cd18fb9a8e1dbba19bf32f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-09 / Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has great economic and social importance, especially in southern Brasil, a fact that encourages the search for best cultivars and agronomic characteristics that meet market requirements. Technical support to breeding programs, such as tissue culture, genetic transformation, use of molecular markers or induced mutations, are being increasingly used. The induction of mutations is considered an alternative method to create genetic variability, and the use of ionizing radiation an effective method with which mutants were obtained with characteristics of higher productivity, early maturity, smaller, more resistance to diseases and pests in different species, which are used in breeding programs to develop new cultivars. This study aimed to select mutants with superior agronomic characteristics, which could become new cultivars or serve to backcross in breeding programs for rice. Seeds of BRS Querência and BRS Fronteira were irradiated with 0 (control), 200, 250, 300 and 350 (seed with 13% humidity) and 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 Gy (seeds with 25% humidity) and then sown in a greenhouse in plastic trays containing soil typical of the rice crop, the moisture was maintained by irrigation manual. Seedlings were evaluated for emergence index and emergence rate and at 14 and 28 days after sowing in height, root length, leaf number and dry weight of shoots and roots. After 28 DAS seedlings were transplanted to the field where complete their life cycle. In the field, were evaluated 36 descriptors morphophysiological used in rice. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey's test and regression. Assessments performed in the greenhouse, doses of 300 and 350Gy negatively affected germination and IVE in seeds irradiated with 13% humidity. In seeds with 25% of these variables were reduced to 200 Gy. In the field, in both cultivars, increasing doses of radiation caused reduction in plant size. There were reductions of other descriptors, depending on the cultivar as width and thickness of the grains (BRS Querência) and grains per panicle (BRS Fronteira). The results showed that irradiation affects various parameters on physiology of plants. To determine whether these changes are positive or negative and transmitted by the progeny, need to continue working with the seeds from each M1 plant. / O arroz irrigado (Oryza sativa L.) apresenta grande importância econômica e social, principalmente na região sul do Brasil, fato que estimula a busca por cultivares mais produtivas e com características agronômicas que atendam as exigências de mercado. Técnicas de apoio aos programas de melhoramento, como a cultura de tecidos, transformação genética, uso de marcadores moleculares ou de mutações induzidas, estão sendo cada vez mais utilizadas. A indução de mutações é considerada um método alternativo para criar variabilidade genética, sendo o uso de radiações ionizantes um método eficaz, com o qual foram obtidos mutantes com características de maior produtividade, precocidade, menor porte, maior resistência às doenças e pragas em diferentes espécies, os quais são utilizados nos programas de melhoramento na obtenção de novas cultivares. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo obter mutantes com características agronômicas superiores, os quais poderão se transformar em novas cultivares ou servirem para retrocruzamentos nos programas de melhoramento de arroz. Sementes das cultivares BRS Querência e BRS Fronteira foram irradiados com doses de 0 (controle), 200, 250, 300 e 350 (sementes com 13% de umidade) e 0 (controle), 50, 100, 150 e 200 Gy (sementes com 25% de umidade) e posteriormente semeadas, na casa de vegetação, em bandejas plásticas contendo solo típico da cultura de arroz, cuja umidade foi mantida através de irrigação manual. As plântulas foram avaliadas quanto à emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência e aos 14 e 28 dias após a semeadura quanto a altura, comprimento de raízes, número de folhas e massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes. Após os 28 DAS as plântulas foram transplantadas para o campo onde completaram seu ciclo de vida. No campo foram avaliados 36 descritores morfofisiológicos utilizados em arroz irrigado. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey e regressão polinomial. Nas avaliações realizadas na casa de vegetação, as doses de 300 e 350 Gy afetaram negativamente a germinação e o IVE em sementes irradiadas com 13% de umidade. Nas sementes com 25% estas variáveis foram reduzidas com 200 Gy. No campo, o aumento das doses de radiação provocou redução no tamanho das plantas. Ocorreram também reduções de outros descritores, dependendo da cultivar, como largura e espessura dos grãos (BRS Querência) e número de grãos/panícula (BRS Fronteira). Os resultados mostraram que a irradiação afeta vários parâmetros morfofisiológicos das plantas. Para determinar se estas alterações são positivas ou negativas e se transmitem pela progênie, será necessária a continuidade do trabalho com as sementes obtidas de cada planta M1.

Le plan Ecophyto imposant de réduire de 50% les pesticides, d’ici 2025, génère un changement de paradigme dans la protection des cultures. Produire autrement en conciliant des performances technico-économiques, environnementales et sociales est un enjeu. L’enseignement agricole joue un rôle-clé en formant de futurs agriculteurs. Enseigner-apprendre à construire des raisonnements agro-écologiques et socioéconomiques favorisant les alternatives aux pesticides, inscrites dans le développement durable, mobilisant la discipline agronomie contribue à préparer les futurs agriculteurs à concevoir des agroécosystèmes économes en pesticides. C’est une question socialement vive agronomique qui suppose de se fonder sur des savoirs émergents, distribués, pluriels et controversés, de considérer les risques/incertitudes dont les solutions sont porteuses et les valeurs des acteurs impliqués. Notre recherche croisant la didactique des questions socialement vives et de l’agronomie propose un modèle de situation-problème favorisant l’émergence de raisonnements adaptés et une grille d’analyse de leur niveau de complexité, testés auprès d’élèves/étudiants de deux filières professionnelles de l’enseignement agricole. Les analyses quali-quantitatives montrent que les élèves/étudiants construisent des raisonnements agro-socio et économiques, que les étudiants sont mieux armés pour concevoir des alternatives. En révélant des appuis/freins à l’enseigner-apprendre à produire autrement, le dispositif est un outil didactique pour structurer les apprentissages des élèves/étudiants sur la complexité des questions, tout en élargissant le cadre de références des savoirs. / The Ecophyto Plan imposes a 50% reduction of pesticides by 2025, generating a paradigm shift in crop protection. To ‘Produce differently’ reconciling techno-economic, environmental and social performances is an issue. Agricultural education plays a key role in training future farmers. Teaching-learning the construction of agro-ecological and socioeconomic reasoning favoring alternatives to pesticides, linked in sustainable development, contributes to prepare future farmers to develop agroecosystems using fewer pesticides. It is an agronomic socially acute question that involves emerging, distributed, plural and controversial knowledge, which supposes to consider the risk/uncertainties of the solutions and values of the actors. Our research crossing the didactic of socially acute questions and of agronomy provides a model for problem situation favoring the emergence of adequate reasoning and an analytical grid of the levels of complexity of the reasoning. These model and grid have been tested with pupils/students in two levels of vocational agricultural training (baccalaureat and post baccalaureat). The quali-quantitative analyzes show that pupils/students build Agro-socio and economic reasoning, that students are better equipped to design alternative than pupils at the “baccalauréat” level. By revealing supports and obstacles in teaching-learning to ‘produce differently’, the device is an educational tool for structuring the learning of pupils/students on the complexity of the issues, while expanding the scope of reference in knowledge.

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