One of the key steps of the liberalization of the Turkish electricity market has been the estab- lishment of PMUM (Turkish day ahead electricity market). The aim of this study is to explore the dynamics of electricity prices observed in this market and their relation with temperature observed in Turkey. The electricity price process is studied as a univariate process and the same process is studied along with temperature together as a two-dimensional process. We give a fairly complete model of temperature. We observe that the electricity prices in Turkey exhibit many of the features that similar prices exhibit in other world markets. In particular, Turkish day ahead prices are seasonal / every year the price seems to follow a path similar to the one years preceding it. To simplify our analysis we focus our study to a 35 day pe- riod where every year the prices show a relatively simple behavior. We study the effects of the fluctuations in temperature in this period on the fluctutations in the day ahead electricity price.

Aim: This is a study of social media in the Future Valley media network. •To study social media is important because it ischanges the rules of marketing forever. The new economy gives the individual power. •In this study it is found how the Future Valley view development of social media, but also how the valley can use social media to develop its future competence and networks. Method: This study is built on the qualitative method. For the theory part I have used sources and to get empirical data I have made sixteen interviews with managers within the network of Ahead - Media & Communication. The restriction in this report is that I focused on blogs and social spaces. Results & Conclusion: Trademarks can be built with social media,but to do that the sender must be able to communicate back through the media, which takes a lot of time. The use of social media will increase. The Future Valley and the network Ahead - Media & Communication is in need of strategies for social media. I suggest: social media mix, service community and international cooperation with other clusters. Suggestions for future research: Investigations that could be done is to find target groups. Behavioural and psychological factors could then be studied. New ideas for social media can be found in the US. Contribution of the study: This study contributes to the field of social media. It investigates networking and competence development in a strategic perspective.

For any animator either working in stop-motion or 3D-animation the knowledge of the first animation techniques are most important. For it is based on these principles that animation today can create such vibrant characters. With the extreme development 3D-animation has undergone the last twenty years it is easy to lose track of the old ways. But with this thesis a hope to show that it is these old ways that will take animation to its next stage. My aim with this thesis is to find out if it is possible to identify the characteristic features of stop-motion and apply these onto 3D-animation with purpose to create a more expressive style of animation. To be able to do this the method of this thesis is divided in two parts: the production and the perception. First the two work methods straight ahead and pose to pose are analyzed and the biggest differences are then identified. With this information two basic walk cycle animations are created, one with the work method of straight ahead and the other with pose to pose. These animations are kept as simple as possible so that all focus can be directed at the feel of the movement. In the perception part a survey is done where five participants observes the two animations and with a questionnaire answer how they perceive the differences. They answer which of the two they prefer, is most interesting and pleasant. According to the participants, they feel a difference and the majority prefer the animation done with the work method of stop-motion. They feel that it shows more personality and feel more natural. However the result is relatively even. My conclusion is that to achieve an animation that appeals to a larger group, a combination of the two work methods is optimal.

This thesis is a study of how cooling fan control can be improved by using road topography information. Two such controllers are presented, one that uses information available in vehicles produced today, and one that combines GPS-information with digital topographic maps to use information about the road ahead of the vehicle. Simulations show that significant energy savings can be obtained, especially during warm conditions and hilly roads. Compared to conventional fan controllers, energy consumption can be cut by up to three quarters. Moreover, this is possible without any hardware redesign.

The use of positioning systems in a vehicle is a research intensive field. In the first part of this thesis an increase in new applications is disclosed through a mapping of patent documents on how positioning systems can support adaptive cruise control, gear changing systems and engine control. Many ideas are presented and explained and the ideas are valued. Furthermore, a new method for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) control using a positioning system is introduced. It is concluded that look-ahead control, where the vehicle position in relation to the upcoming road section is utilized could give better fuel efficiency, lower emissions and less brake, transmission and engine wear. In the second part of this thesis a real time test platform for predictive speed control algorithms has been developed and tested in a real truck. Previously such algorithms could only be simulated. In this thesis an algorithm which utilizes model predictive control (MPC) and dynamic programming (DP) been implemented and evaluated. An initial comparative fuel test shows a reduction in fuel consumption when the MPC algorithm is used.

This thesis includes two topics. One is a low-power high-speed 8-bit pipelining CLA design using dual threshold voltage (dual- Vth) domino logic. The other is a low-cost digital I/Q separator for DVB-T receivers. A high speed and low power 8-bit CLA using dual- Vth domino logic blocks arranged in a PLA-like style with pipelining is presented. According to parallely precharge and sequentially evaluate in a cascaded set of domino logic blocks, transistors in the precharge part and the evaluation part of dual- Vth domino logic are, respectively, replaced by high Vth transistors to reduce subthreshold leakage current through OFF transistors, and low Vth transistors. Moreover, an nMOS transistor is inserted in the precharge phase of the output inverter such that the two-phase dual- Vth domino logic can be properly applied in a pipeline structure. Consequently, the proposed design keeps the advantage of high speed while attaining the effect of low power dissipation. A low-cost digital I/Q separator is presented in the second part of this thesis. Using digital I/Q separator in place of the traditional analog I/Q separator guarantees the design conquer gain and phase mismatch problems between the I and Q channels. The proposed design can berealized by inverters and shifters such that the goal of low cost can be achieved.

Producing more fuel efficient vehicles as well as lowering emissions are of high importance among heavy duty vehicle manufactures. One functionality of lowering fuel consumption is to use a so called \emph{look-ahead control strategy}, which uses the GPS and topography data to determine the optimal velocity profile in the future. When driving downhill in slopes, no fuel is supplied to the engine which lowers the temperature in the aftertreatment system. This results in a reduced emission reduction capability of the aftertreatment system. This master thesis investigates the possibilities of using preheating look-ahead control actions to heat the aftertreatment system before entering a downhill slope, with the purpose of lowering fuel consumption and $NO_x$ emissions. A temperature model of a heavy duty aftertreatment system is produced, which is used to analyse the fuel consumption and $NO_x$ reduction performance of a Scania truck. A Dynamic Programming algorithm is also developed with the purpose of defining an optimal control trajectory for minimizing the fuel consumption and released $NO_x$ emissions. It is concluded that the Dynamic Programming optimization initiates preheating control actions with results of fuel consumption reduction as well as $NO_x$ emissions reductions. The best case for reducing the maximum amount of fuel consumption results in 0.14\% lower fuel consumption and 5.2\% lower $NO_x$ emissions.

Over the past several decades, many techniques and approaches have been proposed and implemented for load and price forecasting. The objective of all of these methods was load and price forecasting with minimal error. However, researchers face several challenges in achieving this goal. For price forecasting, the main challenge is to forecast electricity prices accurately in a deregulated electric power market with volatile aspects. Decentralized or deregulated markets are very volatile systems. Hence, pattern following and accurate forecasting of electricity prices are difficult tasks using ordinary methods. In this thesis, a novel approach is introduced and implemented to overcome the challenges inherent in accurate price forecasting. This novel approach involves innovations in forecasting to improve the spot power price forecasting accuracy in a competitive market. To investigate the applicability and effectiveness of this technique, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), two well-known forecasting techniques, are developed.

Fuel consumption is one of the factors that are considered when deciding a vehicle’s optimal specification. In order to swiftly estimate the fuel consumed during real world driving scenarios, a simulation tool has been developed that is well suited for vehicle configuration exploration applications. The simulation method described in this paper differs from the static calculation method currently in use at Scania cv since the dynamic translation of the vehicle is considered, yet the simulation time is kept low. By adopting a more dynamic approach, the estimation accuracy is increased and simulation of fuel saving technology, e.g. intelli- gent driver support system, is enabled. In this paper, the modeling and implementation process is described. Different approaches is discussed and the choices made during the development is presented. In order to achieve a low simulation time and obtain a good compatability with Scania’s current software application, some of the influencial factors have been omitted from the model or described using simple relations. The validation of the fuel consumption estimation indicates an accuracy within three percent for motorway driving. Utilizing the newly devised simulation tool, a look-ahead cruise controller has been implemented and simulated. Instead of continuously finding the optimal control signals during the driving scenario like most look-aheadcontrollers, a dynamic programming algorithm is used to find a fuel efficient speed profile for the entire route. The speed profile is used as the reference speed for a conventional cruise controller and comparison with another simulation tool indicates that this is a fast and accurate way to emulate a real look-ahead controller.

This thesis discusses development of a future visioning system model that can be adopted to create new product concepts for consumer electronics companies operating in a highly competitive business environment. The research work investigates consumer electronic product companies and their market environment to identify problematic issues and indicates that a proactive new product strategy which opens new markets through developing concept-led products is a strategic priority, thus the concept development stage in new product development process is in need of improvement. An evaluation of existing concept development tools for the purpose of proactive product strategy is presented and concludes that future visioning procedure is the most appropriate tool. To develop a future visioning system model as a concept development tool, the theoretical future visioning system models are analysed and mapped to extract essential structure and contents of future visioning procedure. The consequent future visioning system model is then revised according to the findings and suggestions from the field research work which investigated four major consumer electronics product companies in practice. The findings also validates the necessity of adopting a proactive product strategy and evaluates acceptability of the future visioning system model for practical use. The final future visioning system model is defined after the opinions of the design managers are considered and applied. The major suggestions from the research findings are: (1) Executing proactive product strategy can be a valuable strategic tool (2) A new process is necessary for the companies to create one-step-ahead product (3) Future visioning system is recommended as an advanced approach that creates new product concept. (4) Future visioning system model should consist of eight stages: project initiation, environmental scanning, future visioning, generating product concepts, scenario planning, concept testing, concept visualisation, and finalized concepts. (5) Product concepts can be generated from future vision by applying backcasting. (6) Scenario planning should be used in the future visioning system model as a concept testing tool providing objective validating criteria. (7) Executing a future visioning system model creates new roles for the designer such as information integrator, process moderator, and futurist.