M.Com. (Transport Economics) / It has been noticed that business class travel on South African Airways domestic services is continuously declining. In contrast to this, promotional! travel, that is leisure travel, is becoming more important and significant It is also suspected that the current domestic fares structure of South African Airways ignores certain market factors. The aim of this study is to ascertain whether or not the current domestic fares policy followed by South African Airways, which is reflected in the domestic fares structure, should be changed to the greater benefit of both the air transport user and South African Airways. The objective of establishing guidelines for a long-term fares policy, has been kept in mind throughout the study ....

This thesis is concerned with measuring and explaining the productive efficiency of firms or organizations. In particular, the study compares three alternative methods of measuring efficiency, namely, the deterministic frontier method, the stochastic frontier method, and the data envelopment analysis method (DEA). The dissertation consists of two parts. In Part I, the relative merits of the three methods are discussed and evaluated through a Monte Carlo study under certain known conditions. The study focuses on the effects of exogenous variables on efficiency estimates. The results show that the stochastic frontier method generally produces better efficiency estimates than the other two methods. The DEA, however, has a slight advantage in cases where there are weak input substitution and large variations in input variables. In Part II, the three methods are examined empirically through their applications to a panel of 19 railways in OECD countries and a panel of 36 international airlines. Comparison of the three sets of efficiency estimates confirms that on average the stochastic frontier method yields higher efficiency estimates than the other two methods, as indicated by the Monte Carlo results. The efficiency estimates by the two parametric methods are highly correlated, whereas there are considerable differences between the DEA estimates and those from the parametric methods. This is also consistent with the Monte Carlo results. By comparing the alternative efficiency estimates in the two applications, it is found that there is less discrepancy among the three sets of efficiency estimates in the airline case than in the railway case. This can be partly attributed to the fact that there are fewer variations in the operating environments in the airline case than in the railway case. The simulation results in Part I provide some general guidelines regarding the relative merits of the three alternative methods under certain known conditions. The two applications of the three methods in Part II serve as examples of how these three methods can be applied to practical problems where no a priori knowledge of either the production technology nor the efficiency profile exists. They illustrate some of the problems that may be encountered in empirical applications. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN FINANZAS / El presente trabajo corresponde a la valoración de la empresa SKY Airline S.A., en adelante SKY, por el método de flujos descontados. Como parte de lo anterior, es que se realizará un análisis de la empresa e industria en que opera, a fin de conocer el contexto del negocio y antecedentes preliminares que ayuden a comprender las variables que intervienen en la valoración. Será indicada una descripción de su deuda financiera, esto es la base para la determinación del costo de capital o tasa de descuento de los flujos proyectados. También se realizará un análisis de las tasas de crecimiento históricas a nivel de empresa e industria, análisis de costos, activos y una proyección de sus resultados. Finalmente, a partir de los ajustes al Estado de Resultados proyectado se obtienen los flujos de caja libre, los que se descuentan a la tasa de costos de capital para obtener el valor de la empresa. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo son muy auspiciosos para SKY. Esta es una empresa que se encuentra en una posición compleja desde el punto de vista del valor de la compañía, nivel de deuda y gestión de sus costos. Pero, tiene ciertos puntos fuertes que definitivamente señalan todo lo contrario de lo anterior. Le invito a conocer este detallado estudio de SKY y las interesantes conclusiones obtenidas de la primera aerolínea Low Cost nacional. / 2019-05-15

The main efforts in this paper are directed towards the "crew complement" problem on American Airlines, and the solution found in the Tripartite Agreement. Included is an account of the major events in the airline industry that led to the present "crew complement" problem, and its existence on other airlines.

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Compensating an employee for work performed or services rendered constitutes an important aspect of personnel management. The question of determining and establishing appropriate wages and salaries for comparable, different and varied jobs in an organization is one that raises complex, thorny and even nebulous issues such as "equity." The eight-week intensive training of the intern was a considerable concentration on the basic and specific methods of determining the relative ranks of jobs on the basis of their contents as judged by certain defined job characteristics or factors. In the early part of the internship program, the intern was acquainted with the basic philosophy and fundamental methods of job evaluation. The intern was subsequently introduced to the actual job evaluation methods as applied in TWA. Actual case problems and situations were studied; job descriptions were reviewed, audit of jobs were conducted; the intern had the opportunity of observing and participating in actual information collecting, verifying and recording process. The intern was acquainted with the techniques of compiling salary surveys and applying such information as a method of comparing internal salary structures with external market conditions. The latter part of the program was largely a concentration on and analysis of job descriptions and organizational structures of Ethiopian Airlines. The study basically involved the understanding of the salary structures of management personnel of Ethiopian Airlines, the investigation of the possibilities of translating TWA job evaluation methods, and the subsequent application of the methods employed by TWA to that of Ethiopian Airlines.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is concerned with the analysis of the factors that contribute to the viabililty of the airline industry. The viability of the airline industry in Africa is the subject of debate amongst African airline executives, governments and potential investors. The debate is a complex one because of the lack of reliable financial data from the airlines themselves. Governments are still financing airlines and it is therefore difficult to assess and evaluate airline viability on the basis of available financial information. This study project describes the industry as a whole, assesses the current situation and identifies an airline statistic that is closely related to airline profitability. The macro economic factors, social and political factors set the framework for the industry. The current situation does not look positive for Africa at that level. African governments, executives and airline organisations are aware of the problems, but an approach to addressing them is still the subject of discussion. The critical success factors of an airline revolve around the management of the balance between revenues and costs. In this case, the load factor was found to be a critical variable. The role played by the load factor in profitability is modelled using correlation and regression techniques. It could be established from the USA data that high regulation distorts the relationship between the load factor and profit. However, when the industry is deregulated and market forces determine the product, price and demand, the load factor has been found to play an important role. A break-even load factor was computed using the statistical techniques. This was then used as a basis for analysis. Although Africa meets the break even load factor, the trend is not improving in line with the America and Europe. It is recommended that the African airline industry need to improve its viability by deregulation, privatisation, forming strategic alliances and product development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studiestuk behandel die oorsig van die faktore wat bydra tot die lewensvatbaarheid van die lugdiensbedryf in Afrika tans 'n onderwerp van bespreking tussen Afrika-Iugdiensverteenwoordigers, regerings en potensiele beleggers. Die debat word bemoelik as gevolg van die gebrek aan betroubare finansiële inligting van die lugdienste self. Meeste lugdienste in Afrika word deur regerings finansiel ondersteun en bedryf met die gevolg dat bedryfsresultate moeilik bekombaar is. Dit is dus moeilik om lugdienste se lewensvatbaarheid te bepaal as gevolg van die gebrekkige finansiele inligting. Hiedie studiestuk beskryf die lugdiensbedryf as 'n geheel, ontleed die huidige omstandighede en identifiseer lugdienstatistiek wat lugdienswinsgewendheid similleer. Die makro ekonomiese -, sosiale - en politiekefaktore wat die raamwerk vir die bedryf uitmaak, lyk op hierdie vlak nie positief vir Afrika nie. Regerings in Afrika, uitvoerende besture en lugdiens-organisasies is van hierdie probleem bewus, maar die aanspreeklikheid van hierdie probleem is steeds 'n onderwerp van bespreking. Die kritiese sukses faktore van 'n lugdiens rus om berus op die bestuur van 'n balans tussen inkomste en uitgawes. In hierdie geval is bevind dat die sitplekbesettingsfaktor die kritieke variant is. Die rol wat die sitplekbesettingsfaktor in winsgewingheidsmodelering speel, word deur korrelasie en regressie tegnieke weerspieël. Dit is uit Amerikaanse data vasgestel dat die mate van regulering van lugrederye in Afrika die verhouding tussen sitplekbesettings en wins, verwring. Sodra die bedryf gedereguleer word en markkragte die produk, prys en aanvraag bepaal, is bevind dat die sitplekbesettingsfaktor 'n meer verteenwordigende aanduiding van winsgewindheid weerspieel. Met die gebruik van statistiese tegnieke is 'n gelykbreek sitplekbesettingsyfer bepaal, wat hierdie grondslag van die analise is. Alhoewel lugrederye in Afrika die gelykbreek sitplekbesettingsyfer behaal, verskil dit van die verbeterende tendens in Amerika en Europa. Dit word aanbeveel dat die lugdiensbedryf in Afrika sy lewensvatbaarheid verbeter deur middel van deregulering, privatisering, vorming van strategiese bondgenootskappe, en die ontwikkeling van 'n beter produk.