Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major cause of death and disability in the United States. With advancements in therapeutic reperfusion, it has become clear that improving time-to-treatment is among the most important factors in yielding better outcomes for patients. When AIS occurs in the community, away from readily available interventions, timely recognition and transport are paramount to decreasing the time-to-treatment and ultimately increasing rates of reperfusion and reducing morbidity and mortality. Over the past several years, investigations have launched studying the efficacy of mobile stroke units (MSU) in reducing the morbidity and mortality burden of AIS. MSUs are specially designed transport vehicles, run by trained expert stroke management personnel, and stocked with diagnostic imaging equipment in the form of computed tomography scanners and fibrinolytic therapy. In a number of prospective study designs comparing MSUs to standard management by emergency medical services, researchers have utilized several endpoints including time-to-treatment, rates of symptom resolution, and long-term recovery from AIS. These studies have generally demonstrated better outcomes with MSUs and provided evidence for the efficacy of the MSU model in treating AIS. However, most studies have been limited to metropolitan regions of the country, and no randomized-controlled trials have been completed, although one is currently underway. There is little evidence, however, evaluating the cost-effectiveness of MSUs in the management of AIS. The expense of constructing and operating these specialized vehicles over ten years has been estimated to be millions of dollars, while the cost of a single case of AIS can range anywhere from the cost of the emergency department visit to the inclusion of long-term care from resultant sequelae depending on the patient outcome. It remains unclear to what degree the upfront investment in quicker management for AIS is capable of producing downstream cost savings for the healthcare system in the setting of demonstrated improved outcomes. In this study, I propose a method of cost-effectiveness analysis to compare the MSU model to standard management of AIS occurring in metropolitan communities to determine whether MSUs are cost-effective, or possibly cost-saving.

Intervjuer med kunniga på AIS-området har utförts parallellt med en enkät riktad till aktiva befäl ute till sjöss. Detta i syfte att ta reda på dels hur detta hjälpmedel bör användas vad avser antikollision, dels hur det faktiskt används i praktiken. AIS, Automatic Identification System, är ett informationsdelningssystem som hjälper fartyg att navigera säkert genom att sända ut egen navigationsdata och samtidigt ta emot motsvarande information från andra fartyg. Systemet nyttjas även som informationssystem för landbaserade stationer såsom VTS-centraler och kustbevakning. Undersökningen har engagerat och visat att expertisen anser att AIS, i många avseenden, är ett bra och användbart hjälpmedel som bör komplettera övrig utrustning vid bedömning om kollisionsrisk. Vidare visar enkäten att ARPA-systemet, trots vissa inneboende brister, tillmäts större förtroende än AIS och AIS-vektorer används därför sparsamt. Enkäten visar även att en stor del av de aktiva inte är främmande för att göra avsteg från sjövägsreglerna emedan expertisen i huvudsak avråder från sådant. / Interviews with experts, in the field of AIS, have been conducted alongside a quantitative survey aimed at certified seagoing officers. The purpose of the survey was to investigate how this navigational aid preferably should be used in collision avoidance, in contrast to how it is used in reality. AIS, Automatic Identification System, is an information sharing system to assist in safe navigation by transmitting the own vessels navigational data while, at the same time, receiving corresponding information from other ships. The system is also utilized by land based stations such as VTS-centers and coast guards. The investigation shows that experts conclude AIS to be, in many aspects, a good and useful aid which should be used in collaboration with other equipment when assessing risk of collision. Furthermore, the survey show that the ARPA-system, in spite of some internal shortcomings, is awarded more trust than AIS and AIS vectors are therefore rarely used. The survey also shows that a large number of officers are open to deviating from the COLREGs while the experts, in general, advise against it.

Le système d'identification automatique (ou système AIS pour automatic identification system) est un système qui permet aux navires et aux stations côtières de s'échanger certaines informations par radio VHF. Ces informations comprennent l'identifiant, le statut, la position, la direction et la vitesse de l'émetteur. L'objectif de cette thèse est de permettre la réception des messages AIS par un satellite en orbite basse sans modifier le matériel existant équipant les navires. Par l'intermédiaire du système AIS, il devient possible de connaitre la position de tous les navires à travers le monde. Plusieurs nouveaux services sont possibles, comme le contrôle maritime global ou, pour les armateurs, la connaissance constante de la position de leurs bateaux. La réception par satellite des signaux AIS est sujette à un niveau de bruit bien plus élevé que lors de la réception de ces signaux au niveau du sol. Ce niveau de bruit rend les méthodes classiques de réception de ces signaux difficilement utilisables. Une première contribution de cette thèse est le développement de nouveaux démodulateurs utilisant des méthodes de correction d'erreurs. Ceux-ci tirent parti de la présence d'un bloc de contrôle de redondance cyclique (CRC) dans les messages ainsi que de certaines informations connues sur la structure des messages et des données. Des adaptations du récepteur proposé ont également été étudiées afin d'intégrer la poursuite de la phase des signaux reçus et de prendre en compte les collisions des messages envoyés simultanément par plusieurs navires. La dernière partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des méthodes de localisation des navires ne diffusant pas leur position dans leurs messages AIS. Cette localisation tire parti des paramètres des messages reçus tels que le délai de propagation et le décalage en fréquence de la porteuse dû à l'effet Doppler, et d'un modèle de déplacement des navires. / The automatic identification system (AIS) is a system allowing ships and coast stations to exchange some information by VHF radio. This information includes the identifier, status, location, direction and speed of the emitter. The aim of this thesis is to allow the reception of AIS messages by low Earth orbit satellites without modifying the existing ship equipments. With this system, it becomes possible to know the position of all ships over the Earth. As a consequence, several new services become available, such as global traffic monitoring or determining boat location (for ship-owners). Satellite reception of AIS signals is subjected to a higher noise level when compared to ground level reception. This noise makes classical demodulation and decoding methods unusable. A first contribution of this thesis is to develop new demodulators using error correction methods. These demodulators take advantage of the presence of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) block in the messages as well as known information about the structure of messages and data. Generalizations of the proposed receiver have also been studied in order to take into account the phase noise of the received signals and the possible collision of messages sent simultaneously by several vessels. The last part of this thesis is devoted to the study of localization methods for ships that do not transmit their location in AIS messages. This localization takes advantage of information contained in the received messages such as the propagation delay and the carrier frequency shift due to the Doppler effect, and a ship movement model.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-02T11:48:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Wellington Oliveira da Cruz.pdf: 7968929 bytes, checksum: 9dd68ee567386fa437d5f3438c9db428 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T11:48:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Wellington Oliveira da Cruz.pdf: 7968929 bytes, checksum: 9dd68ee567386fa437d5f3438c9db428 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES. / CRUZ, Wellington Oliveira. Characterization of Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) ?-amylase: Effect of Different Birds Diet and Inhibitors from Phaseolus vulgaris. 2011. 50 p Disserta??o (Mestrado em Qu?mica, ?rea de Concentra??o Bioqu?mica). Instituto de Ci?ncias Exatas, Departamento de Qu?mica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2011. Alphitobius diaperinus known as mealworm of poultry litter, is one of the main poultry pests. It uses high protein and carbohydrates substrate of birds as a food source, colonizing all the production area finding a favorable environment for its proliferation. This insect causes sanitary and economic problems, affecting not only healthy and growth of the poultry but also acting as a microorganisms transmitter like bacterias, protozoas and virus. In this work it was identified an ?-amylase activity in crude extracts of A. diaperinus larvae and adults. This enzyme is responsible for starch degradation used as a energy source extremely important for survival of many insects. The ?-amylase was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (25-75%) in a chromatographic Sephadex column G (50-80), polyacrylamide gel revealed only one band with molecular weight of approximately 30 kDa, its purity was confirmed by the method of enzyme activity assay dinitrosalicylic 3.5-alkaline (DNS) was increased 7.2 times when compared with the crude extract. The ?-amylase assays presented a maximum activity at a pH 5.0 and pH 5.6 and an optimal activity temperature of 50 ? C. The maximum activity of ?-amylase A. diaperinus was achieved in the presence of 0.02 mM CaCl2, and inhibited by increasing this reaction concentration. The enzymatic activity of A. diaperinus ?-amylase was significantly inhibited by amylase inhibitor ?-AIs (lectin-like inhibitor) of Phaseolus vulgaris, suggesting that this inhibitors can be used as an important tool in biological control and development of these pests by reducing the digestion reducing amylase activity which plays an important role in the starch digestion / CRUZ, Wellington Oliveira. Caracteriza??o de ?-amilase de Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): Efeito de Diferentes Ra??es de Aves e dos Inibidores de Phaseolus Vulgaris. 2011. 50 p Disserta??o (Mestrado em Qu?mica, ?rea de Concentra??o Bioqu?mica). Instituto de Ci?ncias Exatas, Departamento de Qu?mica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2011. Alphitobius diaperinus, conhecido como cascudinho de cama avi?ria, ? uma das principais pragas av?colas. Ele utiliza o substrato das aves rico em prote?nas e carboidratos como fonte de alimento, colonizando toda a ?rea de produ??o, encontrando um ambiente favor?vel para sua prolifera??o. Este inseto causa problemas sanit?rios e econ?micos, afetando a sa?de e o crescimento das aves e atuando tamb?m como transmissor de microrganismos tais como baact?rias, protozo?rios e v?rus. Neste trabalho foi identificada a presen?a de uma ?-amilase no extrato bruto de larvas e adultos de Alphitobius diaperinus. Esta enzima digestiva ? respons?vel pela degrada??o de amido utilizado como combust?vel na obten??o de energia, sendo extremamente importante para sobreviv?ncia de muitos insetos. A ?-amilase foi parcialmente purificada por precipita??o em sulfato de am?nio (25-75 %) em coluna cromatogr?fica Sephadex G (50-80), revelando em gel de poliacrilamida uma ?nica banda com peso molecular de aproximadamente 30 KDa. Sua pureza enzim?tica foi confirmada atrav?s de ensaio de atividade pelo m?todo 3,5-dinitrosalic?lico alcalino (DNS), observando-se um aumento de 7.2 vezes em rela??o ao extrato bruto. A ?-amilase ensaiada apresentou uma atividade m?xima em pH 5.0 e pH 5.6 e uma temperatura de atividade ?tima de 50?C. A atividade m?xima da ?-amilase de A. diaperinus foi alcan?ada na presen?a de 0.02 mM de CaCl2, e inibida com o aumento da concentra??o deste reagente. A atividade enzim?tica da ?-amilase de A. diaperinus, foi significativamente inibida pelo inibidor ?-AIs, (inibidores tipo lectina) de Phaseolus vulgaris, sugerindo que estes podem ser utilizados como importantes ferramentas biol?gicas no controle e desenvolvimento de A. diaperinus atrav?s da redu??o da atividade digestiva destas pragas devido a atua??o desses inibidores sobre a a??o catalisadora de amilases, enzimas fundamentais para a digest?o de amido

<p>Intervjuer med kunniga på AIS-området har utförts parallellt med en enkät riktad till aktiva befäl ute till sjöss. Detta i syfte att ta reda på dels hur detta hjälpmedel bör användas vad avser antikollision, dels hur det faktiskt används i praktiken.</p><p>AIS, Automatic Identification System, är ett informationsdelningssystem som hjälper fartyg att navigera säkert genom att sända ut egen navigationsdata och samtidigt ta emot motsvarande information från andra fartyg. Systemet nyttjas även som informationssystem för landbaserade stationer såsom VTS-centraler och kustbevakning.</p><p>Undersökningen har engagerat och visat att expertisen anser att AIS, i många avseenden, är ett bra och användbart hjälpmedel som <em>bör</em> komplettera övrig utrustning vid bedömning om kollisionsrisk. Vidare visar enkäten att ARPA-systemet, trots vissa inneboende brister, tillmäts större förtroende än AIS och AIS-vektorer används därför sparsamt. Enkäten visar även att en stor del av de aktiva inte är främmande för att göra avsteg från sjövägsreglerna emedan expertisen i huvudsak avråder från sådant.</p> / <p>Interviews with experts, in the field of AIS, have been conducted alongside a quantitative survey aimed at certified seagoing officers. The purpose of the survey was to investigate how this navigational aid preferably should be used in collision avoidance, in contrast to how it is used in reality.</p><p>AIS, Automatic Identification System, is an information sharing system to assist in safe navigation by transmitting the own vessels navigational data while, at the same time, receiving corresponding information from other ships. The system is also utilized by land based stations such as VTS-centers and coast guards.</p><p>The investigation shows that experts conclude AIS to be, in many aspects, a good and useful aid which <em>should</em> be used in collaboration with other equipment when assessing risk of collision. Furthermore, the survey show that the ARPA-system, in spite of some internal shortcomings, is awarded more trust than AIS and AIS vectors are therefore rarely used. The survey also shows that a large number of officers are open to deviating from the COLREGs while the experts, in general, advise against it.</p>

A size-selected series of water-soluble luminescent Ag–In–S (AIS) and core/shell AIS/ZnS QDs were produced by a precipitation technique. Up to 10–11 fractions of size-selected AIS (AIS/ZnS) QDs emitting in a broad color range from deep-red to bluish-green were isolated with the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield reaching 47% for intermediate fractions. The size of the isolated AIS (AIS/ZnS) QDs varied from ~2 nm to ~3.5 nm at a roughly constant chemical compo- sition of the particles throughout the fractions as shown by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The decrease of the mean AIS QD size in consecutive fractions was accompanied by an increase of the structural QD imperfection/disorder as deduced from a notable Urbach absorption “tail” below the fundamental absorption edge. The Urbach increased from 90–100 meV for the largest QDs up to 350 meV for the smallest QDs, indicating a broadening of the distribution of sub-bandgap states. Both the Urbach energy and the PL bandwidth of the size-selected AIS QDs increased with QD size reduction from 3–4 nm to ~2 nm and a distinct correlation was observed between these parameters. A study of size-selected AIS and AIS/ZnS QDs by UV photoelectron spectroscopy on Au and FTO substrates revealed their valence band level EVB at ~6.6 eV (on Au) and ~7 eV (on FTO) and pinned to the Fermi level of conductive substrates resulting in a masking of any possible size- dependence of the valence band edge position.

This thesis focuses on the e-mail classification and describes the basic ways of spam filtering. The Bayesian spam classifiers and artificial immune systems are analyzed and applied in this thesis. Furthermore, existing applications and evaluation metrics are described. The aim of this thesis is to design and implement an algorithm for spam filtering. Ultimately, the results are compared with selected known methods.

A size-selected series of water-soluble luminescent Ag–In–S (AIS) and core/shell AIS/ZnS QDs were produced by a precipitation technique. Up to 10–11 fractions of size-selected AIS (AIS/ZnS) QDs emitting in a broad color range from deep-red to bluish-green were isolated with the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield reaching 47% for intermediate fractions. The size of the isolated AIS (AIS/ZnS) QDs varied from ~2 nm to ~3.5 nm at a roughly constant chemical compo- sition of the particles throughout the fractions as shown by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The decrease of the mean AIS QD size in consecutive fractions was accompanied by an increase of the structural QD imperfection/disorder as deduced from a notable Urbach absorption “tail” below the fundamental absorption edge. The Urbach increased from 90–100 meV for the largest QDs up to 350 meV for the smallest QDs, indicating a broadening of the distribution of sub-bandgap states. Both the Urbach energy and the PL bandwidth of the size-selected AIS QDs increased with QD size reduction from 3–4 nm to ~2 nm and a distinct correlation was observed between these parameters. A study of size-selected AIS and AIS/ZnS QDs by UV photoelectron spectroscopy on Au and FTO substrates revealed their valence band level EVB at ~6.6 eV (on Au) and ~7 eV (on FTO) and pinned to the Fermi level of conductive substrates resulting in a masking of any possible size- dependence of the valence band edge position.

No description available.

No description available.