This thesis is an account of the investigation into the physical nature of the proposed discontinuity in upper mantle conductivity in south eastern British Columbia responsible for the change in appearance of geomagnetic variations reported by Hyndman (1963). Variometer stations were established along two profiles, one east-west and one north-south, each several hundred kilometers in length. The geomagnetic records thus obtained are used to estimate the depth to a proposed highly conducting substratum. Parkinson diagrams are also derived for many stations on the profiles. The theoretical problem of magnetic induction in a 2-layer horizontally stratified half-space is solved. Theoretical expressions are derived for the attenuation of power in the vertical component of the earth's magnetic field relative to the two horizontal components as a function of frequency, conductivity, and thickness of the top layer. These theoretical curves are compared to data determined experimentally by power spectral analysis of geomagnetic records recorded at Crowsnest, Alberta, Lethbridge, Alberta; and Grand Forks, B.C. This analysis indicates Kootenay Lake to be near a region of anomalous induction in the earth. If the conductor is assumed to be two dimensional its strike appears to be magnetic east-west. The observed attenuation of the vertical component at stations west of Kootenay Lake relative to those of Kootenay Lake is accounted for in terms of the upheaval in the west of a highly conducting substratum. The analysis indicates a layer of conductivity 10⁻¹¹ e.m.u. rises to within 10 km. of the surface in the west while lying at a depth of 100 km. or more in the east. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

This paper describes the Mississippian. Exshaw, Banff and Rundle units, a remnant of ? Pennsylvania strata and cherty sandstones of the Permian Ishbel Group; paleontological details include information on the megafossils, foraminifers and algae. The Exshaw Formation includes a sanidine bearing tuffaceous sandstone. The Banff was subdivided into four rock units - Basal Shale, Cherty Unit, Crinoidal Unit and Upper Unit. The Rundle Group was divided into the Pekisko, Shunda, Turner Valley and Mount Head Formations. The term Jasper Lake Formation is applied to a sequence of crinoidal biosparites and dolomites at the South Berland River section which are bank-marginal lateral equivalents of eastern Shunda micrites. The Mississippian rocks of the three stratigraphic sections upon which this study is based are assigned to eight main petrographic facies and six petrographic subfacies. Facies A - calcisiltite: argillaceous crinoidal biomicrite and associated calcareous shales Facies B - an interbedded sequence offacies A and B Facies C - calcarenite: argillaceous crinoidal biomicrite Facies D - calcarenites: crinoidal biosparite Subfacies Da - calcarenite: ‘mature’ crinoidal intrasparite Subfacies Db - calcarenite: intraclast bearing crinoidal biosparite Facies E - oolitic and/or grapestone bearing calcarenites Subfacies Ea - fossiliferous intraclast bearing oosparite Subfacies Eb - intrasparites and sparry intramierites; four lithotypes are recognized (1) oolitic micritic crinoidal intrasparite (2) grapestone bearing intrasparite (3) oolite bearing partially merged intrasparite (4) grapestone and oolite bearing, sparry intramicrite Facies F - pure limestone micrites Subfacies Fa - crinoidal micrite Subfacies Fb - micrites, pelsparites, pelmicrites and dismicrites Facies G - unfossiliferous micrograined dolomite, commonly with microbedding Facies H - dolomite breccias The progression through the facies and subfacies from A to H reflects a change in depositional environment from that of normal marine deep quiet waters to lagoonal and evaporitic conditions; modern sedimentation of the Bahama Banks is used as a partial model. The facies distribution pattern for the Rundle carbonates of the area shows a tendency toward lagoonal facies in the east (Mturtm Creek section), bank-marginal facies in the west (South Berland River section) and intermediate facies at the Eagles Nest Pass section. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

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La théorie biodémographique liée à l’âge prédit un compromis entre l'allocation reproductrice au début de la vie et la reproduction tardive, la survie, ou ces deux composantes de la valeur adaptative à la fois. Actuellement, la notion de compromis a été démontrée par plusieurs études en milieu naturel. Par contre, l’effet des conditions environnementales et de la qualité des individus a rarement été étudié. Grâce aux données longitudinales récoltées dans la population de chèvres de montagne (Oreamnos americanus) de Caw Ridge, Alberta, nous avons pu examiner l'influence de l'âge à la première reproduction (APR) et du succès reproducteur au début de la vie (SRD) sur la longévité et sur le succès reproducteur tardif, en tenant compte des conditions environnementales natales et de la qualité des individus. Contrairement à nos prédictions, nous n'avons pas détecté la présence d’un compromis entre l'allocation reproductrice au début de la vie et la performance tardive dans cette population. Au contraire, l'APR et le SRD avaient des effets directs et faiblement positifs sur le succès reproducteur tardif. La densité de population à la naissance d'une femelle a fortement réduit le succès reproducteur tardif de manière directe. Elle l'affectait également de manière indirecte par son effet sur l'APR et le SRD. La densité était le seul facteur déterminant de la longévité, par un effet direct et fortement négatif. Tel que démontré dans des études précédentes sur la même population, les femelles de bonne qualité avaient un SRD élevé par rapport aux femelles de mauvaise qualité. Ces résultats fournissent une vision intégrée des compromis au début et à la fin de la vie, en soulignant l'importance de tenir compte des conditions environnementales, qui pourraient engendrer des implications à long terme sur la dynamique des populations. / The life-history theories of aging, which describe the mechanisms underlying age-related physiological declines, predict lifetime trade-offs between early reproductive allocation and latelife survival, reproduction, or both components of fitness. Recent studies in wild populations have found evidence for these early-late life trade-offs, but rarely across multiple traits while exploring the additional effects of variation in environmental conditions and individual quality. Benefiting from 27 years of longitudinal data from monitoring adult female mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) at Caw Ridge, Alberta, we investigated the influence of age at first reproduction (AFR) and early reproductive success (ERS) on longevity and late reproductive success, while accounting for the influence of natal environmental conditions and individual quality. Contrary to our predictions, we did not find evidence for early-late life trade-offs in this population. AFR and ERS instead had positive but weak direct effects on late reproductive success. Population density in the year of a female's birth strongly reduced late reproductive success both directly and indirectly through AFR and ERS. The sole determinant of female longevity was the direct, negative effect of density. As predicted by previous studies in this population, high-quality females had a higher ERS compared to low-quality females. The results of this investigation provide an integrated picture of early-late life trade-offs, underscoring the importance of accounting for environmental conditions due to their potentially strong implications for population dynamics.

L’objet de ce mémoire est de démontrer que les lois de l’Alberta et de la Colombie-Britannique rendant la tenue d’un référendum obligatoire avant l’adoption d’une modification constitutionnelle par une province ne contreviennent pas aux procédures formelles de modification prévues à la Constitution. Le référendum est compatible avec la partie V de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982 et avec les exigences du fédéralisme et de la démocratie parlementaire. En plus d’être conforme à la partie V de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982, les lois exigeant un référendum avant l’adoption d’une résolution modifiant la Constitution ont l’avantage de démocratiser l’exercice du pouvoir constituant. Toutefois, de par la manière dont le référendum constitutionnel a été légalement introduit, celui-ci ajoute une dose considérable de rigidité au processus de modification constitutionnelle en venant y ajouter une étape supplémentaire à satisfaire. / The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that statutes of Alberta and British Columbia requiring the holding of an obligatory referendum before the adoption of a constitutional amendment by a province do not contravene to formal procedures designed by the Constitution. The referendum is consistent with part V of the 1982 Constitutional Act and with requirements of federalism and parliamentary democracy. In addition to be consistent with part V of the 1982 Constitutional Act, statutes requiring a referendum before the adoption of a resolution modifying the Constitution have the benefit to democratize the exercice of the constituent power. However, by the manner in which the constitutional referendum had been legally introduced, this one adds a serious amount of rigidity to the constitutional amending procedure by adding one more step to fulfil.