Purpose: To continue investigation of the use of vibration to enhance acute range of motion while assessing the influence of vibration and stretching on pressure-to-pain threshold perception. Methods: Ten young male gymnasts were assessed for split range of motion. One side split was randomly assigned as the experimental condition, and the other side split was assigned as the control. Both side splits were performed on a vibration device; the experimental condition had the device turned on and the control condition was performed with the device turned off. In addition, the athletes were assessed for pressure-to-pain transition using an algometer on the biceps femoris (stretched muscle) and vastus lateralis (nonstretched muscle) bilaterally. Results: Pre-post difference scores between the vibrated split (most improved) and the nonvibrated split were statistically different (P = .001, 95% confidence interval of the difference 2.3 to 5.8 cm). Following the stretching protocol, the force values for the pressure-to-pain threshold comparing the vibrated and nonvibrated biceps femoris muscle were not statistically different. The nonstretched vastus lateralis muscle also showed no statistical difference in pressure-to-pain threshold between the vibration and nonvibration conditions. Conclusion: This study showed that vibration improved split range of motion over stretching alone, but did not show a difference in pressure-to-pain perception in either the stretched or nonstretched muscles.

Title: The formation of algic zones on hands while riding a spinning bike Objectives: The aim of the work is verification of changes of nociception in pre-defined points in the cyclists hands during one hour's spinning lesson. Methods: A total of 13 participants (9 female, 4 male), aged between 20-50 years old, took part in this study. First personal data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Subsequently, the pain threshold in the palms and palmar sides of the fingers of both hands was measured using algometer Algometer type II, from the company Somedic Sales AB. The acquired data was then statistically evaluated and compared by Pearson correlation quotient and analysis of variance ANOVA. A comparison of the pain treshold before and after the spinning lesson, related to gender, dominant and non-dominant hand and the age of participants, was eventually carried out. Results: After an hour of spinning had occured, in all measured points there was a reduction in pain threshold with an average of 12.83%. This change was the same in all of the measured points, which means that there was no overloading of one hand or any group of the points. The statistical evaluation has shown, that the change of the pain threshold is not dependent on the gender of the participants, and it is not statistically...

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da acupuntura em dois diferentes grupos de pacientes portadores de Disfunções Temporomandibulares (DTM), um deles com DTM de característica apenas muscular (MUSC), e o outro com DTM muscular associada a desordem articular (ART). Participaram dessa pesquisa 68 pacientes, 32 no grupo MUSC e 36 no grupo ART. Os pacientes de cada grupo foram aleatoriamente subdivididos em dois grupos, que receberam diferentes tratamentos por acupuntura. Um grupo foi tratado com pontos próximos ao local da dor (VG20, VB20, TA21, E6 e E7), e o outro, com pontos à distância (IG4 e YinTang). Foram 6 sessões semanais, cada uma com duração de 20 minutos. Os pacientes foram avaliados por meio de escala visual analógica (VAS), limiar de dor à pressão por algômetro, sensibilidade dolorosa à palpação digital, extensão de movimentos mandibulares, questionário para medir o impacto da dor na qualidade de vida (OHIP-14), questionário de qualidade do sono (SAQ) e questionário para avaliar a percepção dos sinais e sintomas pelo paciente (ProDTMmulti). As avaliações foram feitas em 4 momentos diferentes, o inicial, no primeiro contato com o paciente após o período de triagem, o controle, após 4 semanas sem qualquer intervenção terapêutica, o final, após 6 sessões semanais de acupuntura, e o de acompanhamento, 4 semana após o fim do tratamento, sem que nenhum intervenção fosse feita. Os resultados demonstraram que as melhorias estatisticamente significativas para os grupos experimentais foram observadas de maneira generalizada para a avaliação subjetiva da dor, em que todos os grupos de comportaram de maneira semelhante, apesar de os melhores resultados terem sido observados em ART-PD. Em todos os outros parâmetros de avaliação foi possível observar aspectos de melhoria dos grupos com significância estatística (p<0,05), mas não de maneira generalizada como na VAS. Parâmetros objetivos, como extensão de movimentos mandibulares e algometria, mostraram uma tendência para melhoria, embora sem significância estatística para todos os grupos. A acupuntura foi um tratamento considerado eficiente no controle da dor e dos outros aspectos avaliados em pacientes com DTM muscular associada ou não a alterações articulares. / This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture treatment in two diferent types of temporo-mandibular disorder (TMD) pacients: muscular TMD (MUSC) and a muscular plus articular TMD (ART). Out of 68 patientes, 32 were classified to the MUSC group and the other 36 ones for the ART group. Patientes of each group were randomly assigned into two subgroups according to type of practiced acupuncture. One subgroup were treated with local acupuncture, next (PL) to the pain location (VG20, VB20, TA21, E6 e E7), and the other one were treated with needles inserted distant (PD) to the pain location (IG4 e YinTang). Six weekly 20min treatment sections were performed. The patients were evaluated according to Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), pressure pain thresold by algometer, digital pressure pain sensation, mandibular movements extension, quality of life questionaire (OHIP-14), sleep quality questionaire (SAQ), and signals and simptoms questionaire (ProDTMmulti). Evaluations were performed at for different moments: initially, at the first meeting; control, four weeks after the initial meeting; end, after six acupunture meetings; and follow-up, four weeks after treatment end, without any additional intervention. Results showed that statistical significant better observations for subjective pain evaluation were noted for all groups, in spite of the best results were noted in ART-PD. According to all evaluation methods it was possible to note better results for all groups (p<0,05), but this was not so noticiable as on VAS evaluation. Direct objective parameters, i.e., mandibular movements extension or algomenter measurements, showed a tendecy for better results, but no statistical significant results were found. Acupuncture could be considered an effective treament option for pain relief and also for the other evaluated aspects for patients with muscular TMD with or without articular association.

A proposta deste estudo foi desenvolver ferramentas que permitam um exame de palpação completo utilizando o algômetro e verificar a validade e confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores. Neste estudo foram examinados 80 indivíduos, sendo 40 pacientes sintomáticos que freqüentavam a clínica de prótese da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, divididos em 20 mulheres e 20 homens com idade média de 43 anos e 40 voluntários assintomáticos divididos em 20 mulheres e 20 homens com idade média de 40 anos. Os pacientes foram examinados com um algômetro digital, ferramenta de palpação intra-oral e em forma de pinçamento em três sessões diferentes de exames com intervalo de uma semana entre si. Na primeira sessão os pacientes sintomáticos foram avaliados por um examinador, e este grupo foi denominado F1. Após uma semana, na segunda sessão, os mesmos pacientes foram reavaliados pelo mesmo examinador, e foram denominados grupoF2, após 30 minutos um segundo examinador avaliou os mesmos pacientes, com os resultados formou-se o grupoJ. Após uma semana, na terceira sessão, os 40 voluntários assintomáticos (controle) foram avaliados pelo examinador F, grupo denominado C. A validade do algômetro foi avaliada comparando-se grupoF2 x grupoC (sintomáticos x assintomáticos). A confiabilidade intra-examinador foi avaliada comparando-se grupoF1 x grupoF2 e a confiabilidade interexaminadores comparando-se grupoF2xgrupoJ. Após a aplicação de testes estatísticos a validade do algômetro foi comprovada, a confiabilidade intraexaminador foi considerada boa, porém a confiabilidade interexaminadores foi de aproximadamente 50%, mostrando que para se atingir altos níveis de confiabilidade é necessário um programa de calibragem e uma padronização da taxa de aplicação da força. / The purpose of this study was to develop tools that allow a complete palpation examination using an algometer to evaluate validity and reliability. This study examined 80 subjects, 40 symptomatics patients from the school of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, divided in 20 women and 20 men, mean age 40 years, were examined using an eletronic algometer, intra-oral tool and pincer ? type pressure tool. The symptomatics patients were examinated in tree different sessions with intervals of one week. In the first session, an examiner (F1 group) evaluated the simptomatics patients. After one week, in the second session, the same examiner (F2 group) evaluated the same patients, 30 minutes later a second examiner evaluated the same patients (J group). One week later, in the third session, the first examiner (C group) evaluated 40 healthy volunteers. The validity of pressure digital algometer was obtained comparing F2 group x C group. The reliability intra examiner was obtained comparing F1 group x F2 group and the reliability inter examiners comparing F1 group x J group. After a statistic study, validity of the pressure digital algometer was obteined, good intra-examiner reliability was found but low interexaminer reliability was found, sugesting that to achieve hight levels of reliability a calibrating program and a padronization of pressure rate is necessary.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da acupuntura em dois diferentes grupos de pacientes portadores de Disfunções Temporomandibulares (DTM), um deles com DTM de característica apenas muscular (MUSC), e o outro com DTM muscular associada a desordem articular (ART). Participaram dessa pesquisa 68 pacientes, 32 no grupo MUSC e 36 no grupo ART. Os pacientes de cada grupo foram aleatoriamente subdivididos em dois grupos, que receberam diferentes tratamentos por acupuntura. Um grupo foi tratado com pontos próximos ao local da dor (VG20, VB20, TA21, E6 e E7), e o outro, com pontos à distância (IG4 e YinTang). Foram 6 sessões semanais, cada uma com duração de 20 minutos. Os pacientes foram avaliados por meio de escala visual analógica (VAS), limiar de dor à pressão por algômetro, sensibilidade dolorosa à palpação digital, extensão de movimentos mandibulares, questionário para medir o impacto da dor na qualidade de vida (OHIP-14), questionário de qualidade do sono (SAQ) e questionário para avaliar a percepção dos sinais e sintomas pelo paciente (ProDTMmulti). As avaliações foram feitas em 4 momentos diferentes, o inicial, no primeiro contato com o paciente após o período de triagem, o controle, após 4 semanas sem qualquer intervenção terapêutica, o final, após 6 sessões semanais de acupuntura, e o de acompanhamento, 4 semana após o fim do tratamento, sem que nenhum intervenção fosse feita. Os resultados demonstraram que as melhorias estatisticamente significativas para os grupos experimentais foram observadas de maneira generalizada para a avaliação subjetiva da dor, em que todos os grupos de comportaram de maneira semelhante, apesar de os melhores resultados terem sido observados em ART-PD. Em todos os outros parâmetros de avaliação foi possível observar aspectos de melhoria dos grupos com significância estatística (p<0,05), mas não de maneira generalizada como na VAS. Parâmetros objetivos, como extensão de movimentos mandibulares e algometria, mostraram uma tendência para melhoria, embora sem significância estatística para todos os grupos. A acupuntura foi um tratamento considerado eficiente no controle da dor e dos outros aspectos avaliados em pacientes com DTM muscular associada ou não a alterações articulares. / This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture treatment in two diferent types of temporo-mandibular disorder (TMD) pacients: muscular TMD (MUSC) and a muscular plus articular TMD (ART). Out of 68 patientes, 32 were classified to the MUSC group and the other 36 ones for the ART group. Patientes of each group were randomly assigned into two subgroups according to type of practiced acupuncture. One subgroup were treated with local acupuncture, next (PL) to the pain location (VG20, VB20, TA21, E6 e E7), and the other one were treated with needles inserted distant (PD) to the pain location (IG4 e YinTang). Six weekly 20min treatment sections were performed. The patients were evaluated according to Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), pressure pain thresold by algometer, digital pressure pain sensation, mandibular movements extension, quality of life questionaire (OHIP-14), sleep quality questionaire (SAQ), and signals and simptoms questionaire (ProDTMmulti). Evaluations were performed at for different moments: initially, at the first meeting; control, four weeks after the initial meeting; end, after six acupunture meetings; and follow-up, four weeks after treatment end, without any additional intervention. Results showed that statistical significant better observations for subjective pain evaluation were noted for all groups, in spite of the best results were noted in ART-PD. According to all evaluation methods it was possible to note better results for all groups (p<0,05), but this was not so noticiable as on VAS evaluation. Direct objective parameters, i.e., mandibular movements extension or algomenter measurements, showed a tendecy for better results, but no statistical significant results were found. Acupuncture could be considered an effective treament option for pain relief and also for the other evaluated aspects for patients with muscular TMD with or without articular association.

A proposta deste estudo foi desenvolver ferramentas que permitam um exame de palpação completo utilizando o algômetro e verificar a validade e confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores. Neste estudo foram examinados 80 indivíduos, sendo 40 pacientes sintomáticos que freqüentavam a clínica de prótese da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, divididos em 20 mulheres e 20 homens com idade média de 43 anos e 40 voluntários assintomáticos divididos em 20 mulheres e 20 homens com idade média de 40 anos. Os pacientes foram examinados com um algômetro digital, ferramenta de palpação intra-oral e em forma de pinçamento em três sessões diferentes de exames com intervalo de uma semana entre si. Na primeira sessão os pacientes sintomáticos foram avaliados por um examinador, e este grupo foi denominado F1. Após uma semana, na segunda sessão, os mesmos pacientes foram reavaliados pelo mesmo examinador, e foram denominados grupoF2, após 30 minutos um segundo examinador avaliou os mesmos pacientes, com os resultados formou-se o grupoJ. Após uma semana, na terceira sessão, os 40 voluntários assintomáticos (controle) foram avaliados pelo examinador F, grupo denominado C. A validade do algômetro foi avaliada comparando-se grupoF2 x grupoC (sintomáticos x assintomáticos). A confiabilidade intra-examinador foi avaliada comparando-se grupoF1 x grupoF2 e a confiabilidade interexaminadores comparando-se grupoF2xgrupoJ. Após a aplicação de testes estatísticos a validade do algômetro foi comprovada, a confiabilidade intraexaminador foi considerada boa, porém a confiabilidade interexaminadores foi de aproximadamente 50%, mostrando que para se atingir altos níveis de confiabilidade é necessário um programa de calibragem e uma padronização da taxa de aplicação da força. / The purpose of this study was to develop tools that allow a complete palpation examination using an algometer to evaluate validity and reliability. This study examined 80 subjects, 40 symptomatics patients from the school of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, divided in 20 women and 20 men, mean age 40 years, were examined using an eletronic algometer, intra-oral tool and pincer ? type pressure tool. The symptomatics patients were examinated in tree different sessions with intervals of one week. In the first session, an examiner (F1 group) evaluated the simptomatics patients. After one week, in the second session, the same examiner (F2 group) evaluated the same patients, 30 minutes later a second examiner evaluated the same patients (J group). One week later, in the third session, the first examiner (C group) evaluated 40 healthy volunteers. The validity of pressure digital algometer was obtained comparing F2 group x C group. The reliability intra examiner was obtained comparing F1 group x F2 group and the reliability inter examiners comparing F1 group x J group. After a statistic study, validity of the pressure digital algometer was obteined, good intra-examiner reliability was found but low interexaminer reliability was found, sugesting that to achieve hight levels of reliability a calibrating program and a padronization of pressure rate is necessary.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between personality and pain perception in healthy adults. Thirty participants completed the study. All participants were asked to scan a QR code and fill out a survey on their phones that included demographic questions and the Eysenck personality inventory (EPI). The demographics section included questions on age, sex, job activity level, and physical activity level. The researcher then evaluated their pressure pain threshold (PPT) using a handheld pressure algometer. The algometer was applied to the regions of the right paravertebral (PVM), quadratus lumborum (QL), and piriformis (PF) muscles perpendicular to the skin based on standardized palpation procedures. The participants were instructed to report when the sensation changed from “comfortable” to “mildly unpleasant pressure.” Results suggest that there was a positive correlation between PPT applied to the different muscles but there was no strong correlation found between the participants extraversion score and neuroticism score and their PPT at different muscles. This study aids in the understanding of the relationship between personality and pain sensitivity by providing a better view on which tools are the most beneficial in assessing personality and how it relates to pain in a clinical setting.

Greater trochanteric pain (GTP) is a regional pain syndrome characterized by lateral hip pain and tenderness. Its incidence after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is variable. Bursal inflammation, degenerative changes of the attachment of the gluteal muscles, direct operative trauma and biomechanical disturbance of the operated hip have been discussed as being related to GTP. The diagnosis is purely clinical because radiological and laboratory investigations show no definite pathology. Although most treatment modalities are conservative, some patients may develop refractory complaints leading to surgical intervention. In study I we studied the incidence of GTP in 172 consecutive patients who underwent THA during 2002 at Sundsvall Hospital. Patients with GTP (n=21, incidence 12%) were matched with controls from the same cohort. The THA outcome was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthrosis (WOMAC) Index. Trochanteric tenderness was studied using an electronic pressure algometer. We found an association between the occurrence of GTP and postoperative uncorrected lengthening of the operated limb of ≥ one centimetre. The WOMAC index revealed a reduction of the clinical outcome in the GTP group. In Study II we tested the value of using an algometer in the diagnosis of GTP after THA. We measured the pressure-pain threshold (PPT) over the greater trochanter and ilio-tibial band in 18 patients and 18 matched controls. Both groups were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS). We found the algometer to have a good predictive validity and reproducibility. However, there was large inter-individual variability across subjects. The PPT ratio of 0.8 (affected vs. unaffected side) can be used as a cutoff ratio to establish GTP. There was no correlation between PPT measurements and VAS. Because of a low positive predictive value and large inter-individual variability, the pressure algometer has a limited value as a screening tool. In study III we proposed a new surgical treatment for refractory GTP after THA consisting of distal lengthening of the ilio-tibial band (ITB) by Z-plasty under local anaesthesia. This method was used in 12 women between March 2004 and June 2006. The patients were followed up by phone interview 3-4 months postoperatively and by an EQ-5D questionnaire and clinical examination including evaluation with the algometer at 1-3 years postoperatively. We found that the patients‘ quality of life was markedly improved following the operation (EQ-5D = 0.26 preoperatively vs. 0.67 postoperatively; p &lt;0.005). There were no postoperative complications. In study IV we evaluated the accuracy of a commonly used clinical method of LLD measurement (anterior superior iliac spine-medial malleolus) by comparing it to a reliable radiological method (tear drop-lesser trochanter) in 139 patients before and after THA. We found the correlation between the clinical and radiological methods to be weak preoperatively (r=0.21, ICC= 0.33) while the correlation was moderate postoperatively (r= 0.45, ICC=0.62). It is therefore recommended that the radiological method be used to measure leg length discrepancy in patients who undergo THA.

As afecções podais podem alterar negativamente o comportamento, bem estar e produtividade das vacas leiteiras, mas ainda é preciso explorar mais seus efeitos sobre os atributos fisiológicos, limiar da dor e as características físico-químicas do leite. Esse estudo teve por objetivo verificar os efeitos provocados pelo desconforto de vacas com problemas podais severos no escore de locomoção, atributos fisiológicos, limiar da dor, variáveis termográficas e características físico-químicas do leite, além de avaliar a melhoria nessas variáveis após o tratamento. Foram utilizadas 34 vacas lactantes claudicantes, as quais foram classificadas quanto à locomoção antes e depois do tratamento. Foram diagnosticadas as lesões, avaliados a composição do leite, limiar nociceptivo, realizadas as medidas fisiológicas e imagens termográficas nos membros com e sem lesão. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o completamente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo, onde cada vaca foi considerada uma unidade experimental. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, utilizando o procedimento Mixed do programa estatístico SAS versão 9.0. Vacas claudicantes apresentaram maior sensibilidade à dor. O tratamento reduziu o escore de locomoção e aumentou limiar nociceptivo, além de influenciar os valores de pH e cálcio iônico, pois maiores valores de pH foram observados no dia pré-tratamento enquanto maiores valores de cálcio iônico foram observados no dia 8. Houve pequena associação entre os valores termográficos e os escores de locomoção. Os maiores valores de pH foram encontrados no dia pré-tratamento, (dia -1), para vacas da raça Jersey, animais mais velhos ou para animais mais pesados; enquanto os valores de cálcio iônico foram superiores no 8° dia em relação aos demais dias. Não houve efeito de escores de locomoção alto x baixo sobre a composição do leite. Por outro lado, fatores ligados aos animais como estádio lactacional, peso, número de tratamentos anteriores, ordem de parto, raça e idade influenciaram as características físico-químicas do leite. / Lameness can negatively affect behavior, well-being and productivity, but it is still worthy to explore its effect on the nociceptive threshold, physiological attributes and the physicochemical characteristics of milk. This study aimed to verify the effects caused by the discomfort in severely lame cows on locomotion score, physiological attributes, pain threshold, thermographic variables and physicochemical characteristics of milk and assess improvement in these variables after corrective trimming and digital treatment. Thirty-nine severely lame lactating cows were classified according to locomotion score before and 1 week after trimming. In several days, injuries were diagnosed, milk composition evaluated, nociceptive threshold and physiological measurements were done, besides thermographic images of the hoofs with and without injury. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with repeated measurements over time, and each cow was considered an experimental unit. Data was subjected to analysis of variance using the mixed procedure of SAS statistical software version 9.0. Severely lame cows showed higher sensitivity to pain. Trimming and treatment reduced locomotion score and increased nociceptive threshold, as well as influence the pH and ionic calcium, because higher pH values were observed in the pre-trimming day while larger ionic calcium values were observed on day 8. Cows had higher thermographic values in the affected hoof. There was little association between thermographic values and locomotion scores. Higher pH values were found in the pre-trimming (day -1) in the milk of Jersey cows, older animals or heavier animals; while the ionic calcium values were higher on the 8th day compared to other days. There was no effect of high x low locomotion scores on milk composition. On the other hand, factors related to animals as lactation stage, weight, number of previous trimmings, calving order, breed and age influenced the physicochemical characteristics of milk.

As afecções podais podem alterar negativamente o comportamento, bem estar e produtividade das vacas leiteiras, mas ainda é preciso explorar mais seus efeitos sobre os atributos fisiológicos, limiar da dor e as características físico-químicas do leite. Esse estudo teve por objetivo verificar os efeitos provocados pelo desconforto de vacas com problemas podais severos no escore de locomoção, atributos fisiológicos, limiar da dor, variáveis termográficas e características físico-químicas do leite, além de avaliar a melhoria nessas variáveis após o tratamento. Foram utilizadas 34 vacas lactantes claudicantes, as quais foram classificadas quanto à locomoção antes e depois do tratamento. Foram diagnosticadas as lesões, avaliados a composição do leite, limiar nociceptivo, realizadas as medidas fisiológicas e imagens termográficas nos membros com e sem lesão. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o completamente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo, onde cada vaca foi considerada uma unidade experimental. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, utilizando o procedimento Mixed do programa estatístico SAS versão 9.0. Vacas claudicantes apresentaram maior sensibilidade à dor. O tratamento reduziu o escore de locomoção e aumentou limiar nociceptivo, além de influenciar os valores de pH e cálcio iônico, pois maiores valores de pH foram observados no dia pré-tratamento enquanto maiores valores de cálcio iônico foram observados no dia 8. Houve pequena associação entre os valores termográficos e os escores de locomoção. Os maiores valores de pH foram encontrados no dia pré-tratamento, (dia -1), para vacas da raça Jersey, animais mais velhos ou para animais mais pesados; enquanto os valores de cálcio iônico foram superiores no 8° dia em relação aos demais dias. Não houve efeito de escores de locomoção alto x baixo sobre a composição do leite. Por outro lado, fatores ligados aos animais como estádio lactacional, peso, número de tratamentos anteriores, ordem de parto, raça e idade influenciaram as características físico-químicas do leite. / Lameness can negatively affect behavior, well-being and productivity, but it is still worthy to explore its effect on the nociceptive threshold, physiological attributes and the physicochemical characteristics of milk. This study aimed to verify the effects caused by the discomfort in severely lame cows on locomotion score, physiological attributes, pain threshold, thermographic variables and physicochemical characteristics of milk and assess improvement in these variables after corrective trimming and digital treatment. Thirty-nine severely lame lactating cows were classified according to locomotion score before and 1 week after trimming. In several days, injuries were diagnosed, milk composition evaluated, nociceptive threshold and physiological measurements were done, besides thermographic images of the hoofs with and without injury. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with repeated measurements over time, and each cow was considered an experimental unit. Data was subjected to analysis of variance using the mixed procedure of SAS statistical software version 9.0. Severely lame cows showed higher sensitivity to pain. Trimming and treatment reduced locomotion score and increased nociceptive threshold, as well as influence the pH and ionic calcium, because higher pH values were observed in the pre-trimming day while larger ionic calcium values were observed on day 8. Cows had higher thermographic values in the affected hoof. There was little association between thermographic values and locomotion scores. Higher pH values were found in the pre-trimming (day -1) in the milk of Jersey cows, older animals or heavier animals; while the ionic calcium values were higher on the 8th day compared to other days. There was no effect of high x low locomotion scores on milk composition. On the other hand, factors related to animals as lactation stage, weight, number of previous trimmings, calving order, breed and age influenced the physicochemical characteristics of milk.