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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Die Embryologie des Pfeilschwanzkrebses Limulus polyphemus (Xiphosura, Chelicerata) und anderer Arthropoden unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Neurogenese

Mittmann, Beate 02 March 2005 (has links)
Die vorliegende Arbeit beinhaltet verschiedene Aspekte der Embryogenese des Pfeilschwanzkrebses Limulus polyphemus (Chelicerata, Xiphosura), darunter die frühe Neurogenese, die Axogenese, eine Analyse der "Kopf"segmentierung bei Cheliceraten und anderen Arthropoden, sowie das Expressionsmuster des Homöoboxgens Distal-less insbesondere in neuronalen Zusammenhängen. Darüber hinaus wurde eine neue Embryonalstadieneinteilung geleistet. Markierungen mit Phalloidin sowie weiterer neurospezifischer Marker ergaben, daß die frühe Neurogenese bei Limulus polyphemus durch die Immigration von Zellclustern erfolgt. Die Zellen nehmen eine flaschenförmige Gestalt annehmen, bevor sie sich aus dem ventralen Neuroektoderm lösen. Die Anzahl der Zellen pro Zellcluster steigt mit fortschreitender Entwicklung. Die Zellcluster konzentrieren sich in in Zentrum jedes Hemisegmentes, und in ihrem dorsalen Bereich beginnt die rasch voranschreitende Axogenese. Die Untersuchung der "Kopf"segmentierung mittels alpha-Tubulin-Markierungen bei Limulus polyphemus, Triops cancriformis (Crustacea) und Lepisma saccharina (Hexapoda) ergab sowohl bei der Entwicklung des circumoesophagealen Neuropilringes und der Innervierung der dazugehörigen Anhangspaare als auch hinsichtlich des Verlaufs des Stomatogastrischen Nervensystems beachtliche Übereinstimmungen, die entgegen der klassischen Auffassung den Schluß zulassen, daß das Deutocerebrum der Cheliceraten keineswegs reduziert wurde oder mit dem Tritocerebrum verschmolzen ist, sondern die Chelicere innerviert. Somit wäre das Chelicerenneuromer homolog zum Deutocerebrum der Crustacea und Hexapoda (1. Antenne). Der Vergleich des Expressionsmuster des Homöoboxgens Distal-less bei Limulus und Lepisma saccharina ergab neben den typischen Expressionen in auswachsenden Extremitäten- und andern Anhangsknospen bei beiden Vertretern Expressionen in neuronalen Zusammenhängen (im Lobus opticus, Ganglien bei Limulus oder in das ZNS umgebende Zellen bei Lepisma), an den verschiedensten Positionen späterer Sinnesorgane wie Mechano- oder Chemorezeptoren. Doppelmarkierungen mit Synorf-1 deuten darauf hin, daß es sich bei den Dll-positiven Zellen zum größten Anteil um Glia-Zellen handelt. / The following study contains different aspects of the embryology of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus (Chelicerata, Xiphosura) with the main focus on early neurogenesis, axogenesis and the "head"segmentation in chelicerates and other arthropods. The expression pattern of the homeobox gene Distal-less was examined with main focus on neuronal correlations. In addition, a new staging was provided. Phalloidin stainings and other markers showed that the early neurogenesis in Limulus polyphemus happens via immigration of cell clusters. Cellclusters in the prosoma contain cells that become bottle shaped before they immigrate from the ventral neuroectoderm. The number of these cells increases during further development, and the cells concentrate in the middle of each hemisegment. Axogenesis starts at the dorsal edge of these concentrated cellclusters and progresses quite fast building the typical ladder like CNS of arthropods. The investigation of the "head"segmentation using alpha-tubulin stainings in Limulus polyphemus, Triops cancriformis (Crustacea), and Lepisma saccharina (Hexapoda) showed remarkable similarities in the development of the circumesophageal neuropil ring, the related appendages, and the course of the stomatogastric nerves. These results lead to the thesis that the deutocerebrum of chelicerates is neither completely reduced nor totally merged into the tritocerebrum but innervates the chelicerae which contradicts the classical view. According to these results the neuromer of the chelicerae would be homologous to the deutocerebrum of Crustaceans and Hexapods (first antennae). The expression pattern of the homeobox gene Distal-less was examined and compared in Limulus polyphemus and Lepisma saccharina. Beside the typical expression pattern in the developing appendages a participation of the gene in development of the nervous system was observed. Dll positve cells were found in or at least in direct contact with the CNS (optical lobe, ganglia in Limulus or surrounding the entire CNS including the brain of Lepisma), at different positions of later mechano- and chemoreceptors (lateral spines, bristles, flabellum, Johnstons organ etc.). Double stainings using Dll and Synorf-1 showed that at least most of these Dll-postive cells are most likely glia cells.
2

A Comparative Immunohistochemical Study of the Neuromuscular Organization of Haliclystus ‘sanjuanensis’ and Manania handi (Cnidaria: Staurozoa)

Westlake, Hannah 22 December 2015 (has links)
Recent molecular evidence suggests staurozoans are medusozoans that diverged from Medusozoa before the medusa stage emerged. Morphological studies are needed to determine whether this framework can provide insight into medusa evolution. I studied the neuromuscular morphology of two staurozoans, Haliclystus ‘sanjuanensis’ and Manania handi using FMRFamide and α-tubulin antibodies to label neurons, and phalloidin to label muscles. Results indicate that similar to polyps, staurozoans possess one regionally differentiated FMRFamide and α-tubulin immunoreactive (IR) nerve net, and smooth muscles only. Comparisons with other cnidarians indicate that ancestral medusozoans had a marginal circular muscle and muscular manubrium, but lacked the parallel conducting nerve nets, striated muscle, and pacemaker required to coordinate medusa swimming. A possibly light-sensitive concentration of neurons at the base of the primary tentacles suggests that staurozoan primary tentacles are homologous to medusozoan rhopalia. The unique neuromusculature of nematocyst clusters suggests a defensive or predatory function for these staurozoan synapomorphies. / Graduate / 0287 / 0317

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