On suppose que S=Sg,n est un surface connexe orientable de type topologique fini, de genre g≥3 et n≥0 épointements. Dans les chapitres 1 et 2 on décrit l'ensemble principal d'une surface et prouve que en utilisant expansions rigides itérés, on peut créer suites croissantes d'ensembles finis qui sa réunion est le complexe des courbes de la surface C(S). Dans le 3ème chapitre on introduit l'ensemble rigide X(S) de Aramayona et Leininger et l'utilise pour montrer que la suite des chapitres précédents est eventuellement une suite d'ensembles rigides. On utilise cela pour prouver que si Si=Sgi,ni pour i=1,2 sont surfaces telles que k(S1)≥k(S2) et g1≥3, toute application qui préserve les arêtes de C(S1) dans C(S2) est induite par un homéomorphisme. Ceci est utilisé pour montrer un résultat similaire pour les homomorphismes de sous-groupes de Mod*(S1) dans Mod*(S2). Dans le 4ème chapitre on utilise les résultats précédents pour prouver que l'unique façon d'obtenir une application qui préserve les arêtes et qui est alternante du graphe de Hatcher-Thurston de S1, HT(S1), dans soi de S2, HT(S2) est en utilisant un homéomorphisme de S1 et puis piquer la surface n fois pour obtenir S2. Ceci implique que toute application qui préserve les arêtes et qui est alternante de HT(S) dans soi même et aussi tous les automorphismes de HT(S), sont induits par homéomorphismes. Dans le 5ème chapitre on montre que toute application super-injective du graphe des courbes qui ne sépare pas et courbes extérieures de S1, NO(S1), dans soi de S2, NO(S2), est induite par un homéomorphisme. Finalement, dans les conclusions on discute la signifiance des résultats et les façons possibles d'étendre leur. / Suppose S = Sg,n is an orientable connected surface of finite topological type, with genus g ≥ 3 and n ≥ 0 punctures. In the first two chapters we describe the principal set of a surface, and prove that through iterated rigid expansions we can create an increasing sequence of finite sets whose union in the curve complex of the surface C(S). In the third chapter we introduced Aramayona and Leininger's finite rigid set X(S) and use it to prove that the increasing sequence of the previous two chapters becomes an increasing sequence of finite rigid sets after, at most, the fifth iterated rigid expansion. We use this to prove that given S1 = Sg1,n1 and S2 = Sg2,n2 surfaces such that k(S1) ≥ k(S2) and g1 ≥ 3, any edge-preserving map from C(S1) to C(S2) is induced by a homeomorphism from S1 to S2. This is later used to prove a similar statement using homomorphisms from certain subgroups of Mod*(S1) to Mod*(S2). In the fourth chapter we use the previous results to prove that the only way to obtain an edge-preserving and alternating map from the Hatcher-Thurston graph of S1 = Sg,0, HT(S1), to the Hatcher-Thurston graph of S2 = Sg,n, HT(S2), is using a homeomorphism of S1 and then make n punctures to the surface to obtain S2. As a consequence, any edge-preserving and alternating self-map of HT(S) as well as any automorphism is induced by a homeomorphism. In the fifth chapter we prove that any superinjective map from the nonseparating and outer curve graph of S1, NO(S1), to that of S2, NO(S2), is induced by a homeomorphism assuming the same conditions as in the previous chapters. Finally, in the conclusions we discuss the meaning of these results and possible ways to expand them.

Submitted by CLAYTON EDUARDO LENTE DA SILVA null (claedu@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T17:41:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseFinalClayton.pdf: 1339813 bytes, checksum: 78fb3fb4fd37414af7b1a14dd1d3a122 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-06T16:37:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_cel_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1339813 bytes, checksum: 78fb3fb4fd37414af7b1a14dd1d3a122 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-06T16:37:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_cel_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1339813 bytes, checksum: 78fb3fb4fd37414af7b1a14dd1d3a122 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nesta tese estudamos sistemas dinâmicos não suaves autônomos e não autônomos. Consideramos inicialmente sistemas quadráticos positivamente limitados autônomos planares e damos condições sobre os campos para que o sistema de Filippov correspondente seja limitado. Também estudamos uma classe de sistemas quadráticos e provamos que, sob algumas restrições nos coeficientes da parte linear, os sistemas de Filippov relacionados são limitados. Em seguida, consideramos sistemas não autônomos e damos condições para a existência de soluções periódicas de uma classe de equações diferenciais ordinárias não autônomas. Por fim, consideramos equações diferenciais ordinárias não autônomas de segunda ordem genéricas, relacionadas a sistemas não suaves e não autônomos, estudamos o conceito de solução destas equações e damos condições analíticas que são satisfeitas por soluções típicas, como as soluções deslizantes, por exemplo. A unicidade de soluções para estas equações também é estudada. / In this thesis we study autonomous and non-autonomous non-smooth dynamical systems. We initially consider planar autonomous positively bounded quadratic systems. We give conditions on the vector fields for that the correspondent Filippov system be bounded. We also study a class of quadratic systems and we prove that, under some restrictions on the coefficients of linear part, the related Filippov systems are bounded. We then consider non-autonomous systems and we give conditions for the existence of periodic solutions of a certain class of non-autonomous ordinary differential equations. Finally we consider generic non-autonomous second order differential equations and we study the concept of solution of these equations and determine analytical conditions that are satisfied by typical solutions, sliding solutions for instance. Moreover, the uniqueness of solutions for these equations is studied.