The purpose of this research was to observe the removal efficiency for copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) using Electrocoagulation (EC) technique in a continuous flow reactor with a synthetic bilge water emulsion; and additionally, to discuss the operation cost of the treatment. The optimal configuration for EC treatment used combined electrodes, aluminum and carbon steel; flow rate of 1 L/min; effluent recycling and 7.5 amps; this optimal configuration achieved 99% of zinc removal efficiency, 70% of both, copper and nickel removal efficiency, and low operation costs. The current intensity did not have significance incidence on the removal efficiency. The analysis of cost per gram of removed contaminant indicated that nickel had an average cost of $1.95 per gram removed, zinc and copper had $0.60 and $0.88 per gram removed, respectively. To develop additional experiments with the EC reactor are required in order to optimize metal removal efficiency.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KatiaRS_TESE.pdf: 3330352 bytes, checksum: a77bcf257b8b71b30d6dadf0de0d7fd4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Among the waste generated in the petrochemical industry water associated with oil production is the most important. It is considered one of the great challenges due to the presence of considered toxic chemicals present in this composition. The presence of these substances difficult to reuse the water associated with the enhanced recovery processes, so that prior to their reuse or disposal, treatment is necessary. This paper aimed to study the removal efficiency of chemical species: Ba2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Sr2+ and Zn2+, present in the composition of the water associated with oil production by electrocoagulation. The evaluation of removal of these chemical species was performed by laboratory tests using electrochemical batch reactors and continuous flow. Initial tests were performed with electrocoagulation of synthetic wastewater in batch reactor using iron electrode. Results of removal of Zn2+ and Ni2+ were 78 % and 59 % respectively. While the percentage of removed Ba2+ was 19 % by 30 minutes of treatment and by applying current of 1.10 A. The tests were performed on effluent batch reactor applying the electrochemical technique with stainless steel electrodes 304, the objective was to remove part of the dispersed oil and also of organic compounds in the effluent. Under the experimental conditions used, the maximum result was obtained TOG was 60 % and TOC was approximately 50 % compared to the initial concentration. In the experiments carried out in continuous reactor, with effluent semisynthetic, have been used electrodes of iron and aluminum and the results were 100 % removal of Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+ and Zn2+ and 77 % of Sr2+. These percentages were only attainable through the use of the iron electrode. However, when the electrode was replaced by aluminum, there was a reduction in the percentage of removal to 65 %, using the same flow rate and current. Therefore according to the results obtained using the iron electrode was more effective in removing these metals and the conditions of lower current and lower flow rate was satisfactory, as observed in the experimental design adopted / Dentre os res?duos gerados na ind?stria petroqu?mica a ?gua associada ? produ??o de petr?leo ? a mais importante. Ela ? considerada um dos grandes desafios devido ? presen?a de subst?ncias qu?micas consideradas t?xicas presente na sua composi??o. A presen?a dessas subst?ncias dificulta a reutiliza??o da ?gua associada nos processos de recupera??o avan?ada, fazendo com que antes da sua reutiliza??o ou descarte, seja necess?rio seu tratamento. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da efici?ncia de remo??o das esp?cies qu?micas: Ba2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Sr2+e Zn2+, presentes na composi??o da ?gua associada ? produ??o de petr?leo por eletrocoagula??o. A avalia??o de remo??o dessas esp?cies qu?micas foi realizada por testes em laborat?rio utilizando reatores eletroqu?micos de batelada e de fluxo cont?nuo. Os testes iniciais da eletrocoagula??o foram realizados com efluente sint?tico em reator batelada utilizando eletrodo de ferro. Os resultados de remo??o de Zn2+ e de Ni2+ foram de 78% e 59%, respectivamente. Enquanto que o percentual removido de Ba2+ foi de 19%, em 30 minutos de tratamento, aplicando corrente de 1,10A. Os testes com efluente foram realizados em reator batelada aplicando a t?cnica eletroqu?mica com eletrodos de inox 304, o objetivo foi remover parte do ?leo disperso e tamb?m, de compostos org?nicos presentes no efluente. De acordo com as condi??es experimentais usadas, o resultado m?ximo obtido de TOG foi de 60% e de TOC foi aproximadamente de 50%, em rela??o ? concentra??o inicial. Para os experimentos realizados em reator cont?nuo, com efluente semi-sint?tico, foram usados eletrodos de ferro e de alum?nio e os resultados obtidos foram de 100% de remo??o de Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+ e Zn2+ e 77% de Sr2+. Esses percentuais s? foram poss?veis de alcan?ar mediante o uso do eletrodo de ferro. Entretanto quando esse eletrodo foi substitu?do pelo de alum?nio, ocorreu um decr?scimo no percentual de remo??o para 65%, utilizando-se a mesma vaz?o e corrente. Portanto segundo os resultados obtidos, a utiliza??o do eletrodo de ferro mostrou-se mais eficaz na remo??o desses metais e as condi??es de menor vaz?o e menor corrente foram satisfat?rias, conforme observado no planejamento fatorial adotado

Research on the electrocoagulation (EC) of hexane extractable materials (HEM) has been conducted at the University of New Orleans using a proprietary bench-scale EC reactor. The original reactor configuration forced the fluid to follow a vertical upward-downward path. An alternate electrode arrangement was introduced so that the path of flow became horizontal. Both configurations were evaluated by comparing the residence time distribution (RTD) data generated in each case. These data produced indication of internal recirculation and stagnant water when the fluid followed a vertical path. These anomalies were attenuated when the fluid flowed horizontally and at a velocity higher than 0.032 m s-1 . A series of EC experiments were performed using a synthetic emulsion with a HEM concentration of approximately 700 mg l-1. It was confirmed that EC of HEM follows first-order kinetics, and kinetic constants of 0.0441 s-1 and 0.0443 s-1 were obtained from applying both the dispersion and tanks-in-series (TIS) models, respectively. In both cases R2 was 0.97. Also, the TIS model indicated that each cell of the EC behaves as an independent continuous-stirred-tank reactor.