京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第22787号 / 農博第2430号 / 新制||農||1081(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R2||N5307(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 井鷺 裕司, 教授 森 直樹, 准教授 大澤 直哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Scolytids (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are small borer‟s beetles belonging to the order Coleoptera that develop within or under the bark of trees. In northern countries, these insects cause significant damage especially when outbreaks occur. In Brazil in general, the damage is minor when compared to the northern hemisphere. Given the importance of subfamily Scolytinae, this paper aims at providing a better understanding of the behavior of Scolytids, mainly regarding the flight height in native forest and in a stand of Pinus taeda. For the execution of this work 72 intercept flight traps (PET Santa Maria) were installed in two areas (native forest and stand of Pinus taeda) belonging to the State Foundation for Agricultural Research (FEPAGRO), located at the mouth of the hill district, in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. The traps were distributed in 12 treatments (different heights) with three repetitions each and according to the environment, with an interval of 30 meters between repetitions. The treatments correspond to heights of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5; 6.0 meters. It was possible to capture: Hypothenemus eruditus in greater abundance at a height of 0.5 meter flight in native forest and in the range of 1 to 1.5 meters in Pinus taeda; Xyleborus saxeseni between 2 and 2.5 meters in native forest with no preference in the colonization of Pinus taeda; Microcorthylus quadridens in native forest at 2 meters; Xylosandrus retusus with no preference in both areas; Xyleborus ferrugineus to 0.5 meters in both areas; Corthylus pharax 0.5 to 1 meter in native forest; Xyleborinus gracilis and Xyleborus affinis to 0.5 meters in native forest. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that the range between 0.5 and 1.5 meters is ideal to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the scolytids present in native forest and in the colonization of Pinus taeda. / Os escolitídeos (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) são besouros pequenos, broqueadores, pertencentes à ordem Coleoptera e se desenvolvem no interior de árvores. Em países do hemisfério norte, estes insetos causam prejuízos significativos principalmente quando ocorrem em surtos epidêmicos. No Brasil em geral, os danos causados são menores quando comparados aos do hemisfério norte. Tendo em vista a importância dos escolitídeos, este trabalho tem por objetivo proporcionar um melhor entendimento do comportamento destes, principalmente no que tange à altura de voo em mata nativa e em povoamento de Pinus taeda. Para a execução deste trabalho foram instaladas 72 armadilhas de interceptação de voo, em duas áreas (mata nativa e Pinus taeda) pertencentes à Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO), localizada em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. As armadilhas foram distribuídas em 12 tratamentos (diferentes alturas) com três repetições por ambiente, com um intervalo de 30 metros entre as repetições. Os tratamentos correspondem às alturas de 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0; 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0; 5,5 e 6,0 metros. Capturou-se: Hypothenemus eruditus em maior abundância na altura de voo de 0,5 metro na mata nativa e na faixa de 1 a 1,5 metros em Pinus taeda; Xyleborus saxeseni entre 2 e 2,5 metros na mata nativa e sem preferência no povoamento de Pinus taeda; Microcorthylus quadridens na mata nativa a 2 metros; Xylosandrus retusus sem preferência em ambas às áreas; Xyleborus ferrugineus a 0,5 metro em ambas as áreas; Corthylus pharax de 0,5 a 1 metro na mata nativa; Xyleborinus gracilis e Xyleborus affinis a 0,5 metro na mata nativa. Conclui-se, portanto que o intervalo situado entre 0,5 e 1,5 metros, é o ideal para analisar qualitativamente e quantitativamente os escolitídeos presentes na mata nativa e em Pinus taeda.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-05T11:14:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCSSF.pdf: 5294769 bytes, checksum: 0ab390d8f532ae94a15a76179151fb32 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-16T13:15:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCSSF.pdf: 5294769 bytes, checksum: 0ab390d8f532ae94a15a76179151fb32 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-16T13:15:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCSSF.pdf: 5294769 bytes, checksum: 0ab390d8f532ae94a15a76179151fb32 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-16T13:15:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCSSF.pdf: 5294769 bytes, checksum: 0ab390d8f532ae94a15a76179151fb32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The teak wood is one of the most valuable in the world, creating interest among producers in its quality and great commercial value. In Brazil plantations are concentrated in the Midwest and North, and due to the increase in these exotic plantations, monitoring is necessary to learn about their insect diversity. In 2008 a program to monitor the quarantine pest Sinoxylon unidentatum (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Tectona grandis was started in the state of Pará, Brazil, because of the proximity to the state of Mato Grosso, area of occurrence of this pest. The general objective of this research was to monitor S. unidentatum and other beetle borers in Canaã dos Carajás, Cumaru do Norte, Pau D’ Arco, Rio Maria, São Domingos do Araguaia and Ulianópolis. Our specific objectives were to determine the richness and diversity of Curculionidae (Scolytinae, Platypodinae) and Bostrichidae in these plantations, and to know if there was a seasonal variation for their most abundant species. Trappings were done biweekly with ethanol-baited flight intercept traps from June 2011 to April 2013, totaling 115 collections. We captured 10147 specimens of beetle borers, distributed in eight sub-tribes, and totaling 90 species. In Rio Maria we found the greatest diversity of beetles and in São Domingos do Araguaia the greatest richness. There was a predominance of Scolytinae of the sub-tribe Cryphalina, which probably develop in the understory or dry material above the soil. We trapped significantly more Bostrichidae and Hypothenemus during the dry season. Sinoxylon unidentatum, target species that started this research, was not detected. / A madeira de teca é uma das mais valiosas do mundo, despertando interesse entre os produtores pela sua qualidade e grande valorização comercial. No Brasil as plantações estão concentradas na região Centro-Oeste e Norte, e devido ao aumento destes plantios exóticos, o monitoramento faz-se necessário para o conhecimento da diversidade de insetos. No ano de 2008, iniciou-se um programa de fiscalização da praga quarentenária Sinoxylon unidentatum (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) em plantios de Tectona grandis no estado do Pará, devido à proximidade com o estado de Mato Grosso, área de ocorrência desta praga. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi realizar o monitoramento de S. unidentatum e demais brocas capturadas nos municípios de Canaã dos Carajás, Cumaru do Norte, Pau D’ Arco, Rio Maria, São Domingos do Araguaia e Ulianópolis. Os objetivos específicos foram determinar a riqueza e diversidade, e verificar se há variação sazonal para as principais espécies de Curculionidae (Scolytinae, Platypodinae) e Bostrichidae em oito áreas experimentais no Pará. O experimento foi conduzido com armadilhas de intercepção de voo iscadas com etanol. As coletas foram realizadas a cada 15 dias, de junho de 2011 a abril de 2013, totalizando 115 coletas. Foram capturados 10147 espécimes de brocas, distribuídos em oito sub-tribos, totalizando 90 espécies. Em Rio Maria foi encontrada a maior diversidade de brocas e em São Domingos do Araguaia a maior riqueza. Houve predomínio de Scolytinae da sub-tribo Cryphalina, que se desenvolvem provavelmente no subbosque ou em material seco sobre o solo. Foram capturados significativamente mais Bostrichidae e Hypothenemus durante o período seco. Sinoxylon unidentatum, espécie alvo que iniciou esta pesquisa, não foi coletada.

<div>Native and invasive bark and ambrosia beetles threaten the health and productivity of natural and planted forests worldwide. Management of these pests relies on semiochemical-based tactics, but these are often ineffective at monitoring for incipient populations or decreasing pest populations. The role of fungal and non-host volatiles in colonization behavior remains unknown for many important bark and ambrosia beetle species, thereby hindering their control. In this dissertation, I tested the hypothesis that fungal and tree-associated volatiles influence the host colonization behavior of bark and ambrosia beetles that affect hardwood trees. This work describes the identification of novel fungal and host-associated semiochemicals that may aid in future management of these important pests.</div><div><br></div><div>In Chapter 1, I review the current literature describing the volatile chemical ecology of bark and ambrosia beetles that inhabit hardwood trees. A review of groups with numerous identified semiochemicals, as well as considerations for future research is included.</div><div><br></div><div>In Chapter 2, I test the hypothesis that host colonization by the peach bark beetle (Phloeotribus liminaris) is chemically mediated by compounds associated with infested hosts. I found that benzaldehyde mediates colonization by the peach bark beetle, and that that benzaldehyde lures are effective attractants in field-trapping studies.</div><div><br></div><div>In Chapter 3, I test the hypothesis that ambrosia beetle attraction to host stress compounds can be modified by symbiotic fungal volatiles. I found that for three species of invasive ambrosia beetles individual fungal volatiles act as repellents, with species-specific differences in response to different compounds.</div><div><br></div><div>In Chapter 4, I test the hypothesis that attraction of the walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis) to its pheromone lure can be enhanced by symbiotic fungal volatiles. I found that symbiotic fungal volatiles consistently enhance attraction of the beetles to their fungus, while one symbiotic fungal volatile of ambrosia beetle species repelled the walnut twig beetle.</div><div><br></div><div>In Chapter 5, I summarize results from each of the chapters and discuss patterns observed in the response to fungal and host-associated volatiles among the focal bark and ambrosia beetle species. I also discuss future research needs and directions to continue development of the knowledge surrounding scolytine chemical ecology and management of these pest beetle species.</div>