Appeared in part as the author's inaugural dissertation, Berlin, 1914, under title: Ammianus Marcellinus, sein Werk und seine historischen Quellen.

Appeared in part as the author's inaugural dissertation, Berlin, 1914, under title: Ammianus Marcellinus, sein Werk und seine historischen Quellen.

This study is situated between the disciplines of military history and the history of ideas. It focuses on two late Roman writers; the bureaucrat Vegetius and the historian Ammianus Marcellinus. Drawing on linguistic methodology and a theory of ideology formulated by the Swedish political scientist Herbert Tingsten, this is the first comprehensive and comparative study of these two important sources of information on the late Roman military. The purpose of the study has been to elucidate and explain ideological differences and similarities between the two figures. Previous research suggests that Vegetius’ De Re Militari is a less trustworthy source given its author’s lack of military experience and his reliance on earlier written sources. By comparing it with Ammianus’ Res Gestae, a source often attributed greater credibility, this study hoped to demonstrate significant similarities that would warrant a re-evaluation of Vegetius’ source value. However, the conclusion drawn from the comparative examination of these two texts is that Ammianus and Vegetius did not share a common military ideology and that there are no grounds for a profound re-evaluation of Vegetius’ credibility.

The hypothesis for this research project is: Ammianus’ treatment of the emotion of anger reveals as much, if not more, about his education, values, beliefs, personality, than it does about the people he writes about and that he sees in emotion a major causative factor. This research contained within aims to contribute to a greater depth of understanding of the role of the key emotion of anger within the individual and collective lives of the characters as portrayed by Ammianus Marcellinus and how he uses them to influence the reader and colour his narrative. Scholars now tend to examine Ammianus to discern or evaluate the historical reliability of his authorship. Thus there is scope for examining how Ammianus shapes his narrative and tries to influence the reader by his portraits of individuals and collective characters. Although this approach seems an obvious one, the particular value of this thesis and of its contribution to late Roman historiography is that no one has hitherto done this in an extended and thorough way. While we welcome the importance Ammianus gives to emotions as historical agents, his treatment and representations of them have idiosyncratic features that crucially affect any assessment of him as a subjective observer and reporter of Rome and its past. Making the study keyword based reduces the need to make (possibly erroneous) inferences about whether it is really anger or some related emotion that we are dealing with. This has then lead to the compilation of lists of relevant anger words in Latin that relate to the individuals and groups who are the basis for my study.1 Following this analysis of the use of anger by Ammianus Marcellinus through a careful study of his Res Gestae and the characterisations he incorporated within it is hoped that we can better understand the discourse of Ammianus, by unearthing the bias, the propagandist elements and the general trends of his portrayals, through keywords that refer directly to anger. In this way it is anticipated that we can better understand the purpose behind many of these representations. / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2008

This thesis explores the influence of Edward Gibbon's History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire on modern scholarship about two ancient Roman historians, Ammianus Marcellinus and Procopius of Caesarea. It reveals that Gibbon's way of thinking about these historians, whom he referred to as his "guides," continues to shape scholarly discourse about them.

This thesis argues that Ammianus is interested in, and attempts to define, a Roman identity applicable to his own multifarious world. It argues that Ammianus and some of his peers discern a clear increase in the number of foreigners and outsiders in the empire. While some of his peers lament this perception and adopt a hard-line approach, Ammianus has a much more nuanced view. It is argued that the model of Roman identity which he devises not only accounts for foreigners, but actually, in some cases, makes them exemplars of a flexible Roman identity based chiefly on the notion of appropriate behaviour. In this sense, his identity scheme is ultimately integrative and inclusive. As part of his definition of identity, Ammianus utilises an "outsider" perspective. This perspective is shown to dictate not only how he portrays his characters and their deeds, but even how he reflects on the substance of Romanness as a continual dialogue between "Roman" and "foreign", broadly conceived. It is finally argued that the historian's purpose in defining such an identity is to ensure that the eternity of the empire, in which he firmly believes, is safeguarded by future "Romans" who perhaps may never even see the City itself, but nevertheless remain committed to its protection.

Submitted by BRUNA CAMPOS GONÇALVES null (bruna.camposg@gmail.com) on 2016-09-04T14:54:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE.pdf: 18859745 bytes, checksum: c4742b6d12db953678c8b0f52dd73e61 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-06T19:03:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_bc_dr_franca.pdf: 18859745 bytes, checksum: c4742b6d12db953678c8b0f52dd73e61 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-06T19:03:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_bc_dr_franca.pdf: 18859745 bytes, checksum: c4742b6d12db953678c8b0f52dd73e61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-05 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Dans ce travail nous cherchons à comprendre l’interaction intense entre romains et barbares dans les lignes de l’armée, ce qui compose ce que nous dénommons l’armée romaine-barbare. À partir de cette confluence, nous observons comment s’est développé l’utilisation des équipements militaires par les soldats et, conséquemment, comment ils ont influencé la discipline et l’entraînement des combattants. Dans ce but, nous avons créé un catalogue d’images, d’artefacts de guerre qui ont été utilisés pendant le IVe siècle ap. J.-C., dans lequel il y a des fiches catalographiques qui contiennent l’image de chaque objet et ses caractéristiques. Nous avons aussi développé un catalogue de sources qui nous aide à comprendre comment les soldats de cette période voyaient et utilisaient les armes ; comme référence, nous avons utilisé les oeuvres Res gestae d’Ammien Marcellin, Epitoma rei militaris de Végèce (Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus), Notitia dignitatum et De rebus bellicis (ces deux dernières sont anonymes). L’étude de ces oeuvres et matériels nous a permis de vérifier comment était utilisé chaque armement, de telle façon que nous avons pu avoir une compréhension de tous les équipements et machines utilisés par l’armée romaine-barbare du IVe siècle ap. J.-C. À partir de la connaissance de l’utilisation de chaque arme, nous avons pu savoir quels étaient les exercices requis pour la pratique individuelle et collective de l’armée. Ainsi, nous avons remarqué que la coexistence avec d’autres cultures a élargi les connaissances tactiques et disciplinaires de l’armée de l’Empire romain de l’Antiquité tardive. / No presente trabalho buscamos perceber a intensa interação entre romanos e bárbaros nas fileiras do exército, compondo o que chamamos de exército romano-bárbaro. A partir dessa confluência observamos como se desenvolveu o uso dos equipamentos militares pelos soldados e, consequentemente, como influenciaram na disciplina e treinamento dos combatentes. Para tanto, compomos um catalogo de imagens, com artefatos bélicos que foram usados no período do século IV d.C, onde montamos fichas catalográficas com a imagem de cada objeto e suas características. Desenvolvemos, também, um catalogo de fontes que nos auxilia a entender como eram vistas e usadas as armas pelos soldados daquele momento, como referência utilizamos a obra Res gestae de Amiano Marcelino, a Epitome rei militaris de Flávio Vegécio Renato, a Notitia dignitatum e a De rebus bellicis, sendo as duas últimas anônimas. O estudo dessas obras e materiais nos possibilitou averiguar como eram utilizados cada armamento, de forma que podemos ter uma compreensão de todos os equipamento e máquina usado pelo exército romano-bárbaro no século IV d.C. A partir do conhecimento do uso de cada arma, pudemos apurar quais eram os exercícios requerido para a prática individual e coletiva do exército. Logo, percebemos que a convivência com outras culturas ampliou os conhecimentos tático e disciplinares do exército do Império Romano da Antiguidade Tardia. / In the present work, we realize the intense interaction between romans and barbarians in the army, forming what we called roman-barbarian army. From the confluence we observe how developed the use of military equipment by the soldiers and consequently how they influenced in the discipline and training of fighters. Therefore, we compose a catalog of images with war artifacts of the fourth century A.D. In this, we set cards with the image of each object and its features. We have also developed a catalog of sources which helps us to understand how the soldiers seen and used the weapons of that time. As a reference, we analyze the Res gestae of Ammianus Marcellinus, the Epitome rei militaris of Flavius Vegetius Renatus, the Notitia dignitatum and the De rebus bellicis, the latter two anonymous. The study of these works and materials enabled us to find out how each weapon were used, then we can have an understanding of all equipment and machinery used by the roman-barbarian soldiers in the fourth century A.D. We could tell which were the exercises required for the individual and collective practice of the army, by knowing the use of each weapon. Soon, we realized that living with other cultures expand tactical and disciplinary knowledge of the late Roman army. / FAPESP: 12/13654-6