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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Vers les synthèses d’azacyclopeptides inhibitrices d’amyloïdes

EL-Husseini, Ali 08 1900 (has links)
Les maladies neurodégénératives d’Alzheimer et de Parkinson sont caractérisées par des agrégats des peptides des amyloïdes-beta (Aβ) et l’alpha synucléine (αSyn), respectivement. L’agrégation de ces peptides solubles donne les matériels insolubles (les amyloïdes) sous forme de fibrilles et de plaques. L’agrégation de ces amyloïdes insolubles cause de la toxicité cellulaire dans le cerveau provoquant les effets neurodégénératifs. Les D, L-α-cyclopeptides synthétiques (e. g., CP-2, c-[leu-Nle-trp-His-ser-Lys]) furent synthétisés précédemment par le groupe de Rahimipour. Ils sont capables de former des nanotubes par pont hydrogène capables d’inhiber l’activité néfaste des amyloïdes. Les azapeptides utilisent de semicarbazide comme un substituant d’amide aminé. Insérés dans le D, L-α-cyclopeptide CP-2, les aza-résidus permettent d’améliorer la basicité de Lewis et l’acidité de Bronsted du peptide pour obtenir des ponts hydrogènes plus forts. Les azapeptides [azaNle3]-CP-2, [azaHse6]-CP-2 et [azaGly6]-CP-2 offrent d’excellents résultats au niveau des tests biologiques pour inhiber l’activité des amyloïdes ainsi que pour réduire la mortalité cellulaire en présence d’amyloïdes. À partir de ces résultats prometteurs, l’insertion de deux azapeptides dans un D, L-α-cyclopeptide a été effectué. En remplaçant l’histidine par l’alanine pour éviter des problèmes d’épimérisation, quatre nouveaux diazacyclopeptides ont été synthétisés en insérant les aza-résidus : l’aza-norleucine (azaNle), l’aza-homoserine (azaHse) et l’azaglycine (azaGly). Leur synthèse ainsi que leur caractérisation biophysique préliminaire seront présentés. / Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the aggregation of the peptides amyloid-beta (Aβ) and alpha-synuclein (Synα), respectively. The aggregation of these soluble peptides gives insoluble peptides (amyloids) in the forms of fibrils and plaques. Aggregation of insoluble amyloids can cause cellular toxicity in the brain resulting in neurodegenerative effects. Certain synthetic cyclic D,L-alpha-peptides (e.g., CP-2, c-[leu-Nle-trp-His-ser-Lys]) were previously synthesized by the Rahimipour laboratory and shown to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds and self-assemble into nanotubes capable of inhibiting the aggregation and harmful effects of amyloids. Azapeptides employ semicarbazides as amino amide surrogates. Insertion of aza-residues into the D,L-α-cyclopeptide CP-2 was explored to alter the Lewis basicity and Bronsted acidity of the peptide and improve hydrogen bonding potential. The azapeptides [azaNle3]-CP-2, [azaHse6]-CP-2, and [azaGly6]-CP-2 inhibited effectively amyloid aggregation and reduced amyloid-induced cell death. Based on the promising results of single aza-residue substitutions, the insertion of two aza-residues into D,L-α- cyclopeptide CP-2 analogs was investigated. Histidine was replaced with alanine to minimize epimerization. Four new diazacyclopeptides were synthesized by inserting aza-norleucine (azaNle), aza-homoserine (azaHse) and aza-glycine (azaGly). The syntheses and preliminary biophysical characterizations of the diazacyclopeptides will be presented.
22

Effects of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection on nuclear amyloid aggregation

Arone Blanco, Maria January 2018 (has links)
Huntington’s disease (HD) and Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) are incurable neurodegenerative diseases that affect the central nervous system. Amyloids, highly organized protein aggregates, are a hallmark for many neurodegenerative diseases. The presence and accumulation of amyloids are toxic and constitute the major cause of neuron cell death. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset and progression of these diseases. However, despite intensive research, the underlying cause remains unclear. The role of viral infection as an environmental factor in the context of neurodegenerative diseases has not received much attention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) infection on nuclear amyloid aggregation in model cell lines of HD and SCA. The research process consists mainly of laboratory work which involved the use of several molecular techniques used in the field of biotechnology. The work comprises cultivating cells, infecting cells with HSV-1, Fluorescence microscopy, Western Blot and isolation and detection of amyloids. Western Blot is used for the analysis of specific proteins associated with protein aggregation in HD and SCA. The techniques used for detecting amyloids are Dot Blot and Antibody-staining of amyloids in cells. The results from Western Blot showed that aggregates changed in the presence of the virus. This pattern is observed for both HD and SCA1 cell lines. A big effort is done in this study to optimize Dot Blot as it is method that could be applied in every lab. Normalization of samples proved to be the most challenging part with Dot Blot. No definitive conclusions can be drawn from the Dot Blot results as reproducibility and sensitivity were lacking. This work addresses some of the difficulties encountered when working with detection of amyloids especially Dot Blot. Antibody-staining of amyloids showed that amyloids were formed in the presence of virus in comparison to non-infected. To conclude, aggregates changed, and amyloids were formed in the presence of virus. These results point to the fact that HSV-1 infection could be involved in the process of nuclear amyloid aggregation. The data presented in this thesis will need further investigation and characterization to identify the precise role of viral-induced amyloid formation in HD and SCA patient cells. / Huntingtons sjukdom (HD) och Spinocerebellära ataxier (SCA) är obotliga neurodegenerativa sjukdomar som påverkar det centrala nervsystemet. Amyloid, proteinaggregat som har en viss konformation är ett kännemärke för många neurodegenerativa sjukdomar. Ackumulering av dessa amyloider är toxiskt och är den främsta orsaken till att nervceller dör. Både genetiska faktorer och miljöfaktorer bidrar till uppkomsten och progressionen av dessa sjukdomar. Trots intensiv forskning är den bakomliggande orsaken emellertid fortfarande oklar. Virusinfektion som en potentiell miljöfaktor har i detta sammanhang inte fått mycket uppmärksamhet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka effekterna av Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) infektion på amyloid aggregering i modellcellinjer av HD och SCA. Forskningsarbetet bestod i huvudsakligen av experimentellt arbete med hjälp av flera molekylära tekniker inom bioteknikområdet som cell odling, infektering av celler med HSV-1, fluorescensmikroskopi, Western Blot och isolering och detektion av amyloider. Western Blot användes for att analysera specifika proteiner associerade med protein aggregering i HD och SCA. Amyloider detekterades med Dot Blot och med antikroppar specifika för amyloider. Resultat från Western Blot visade att amyloiderna förändras i virusinfekterade celler. Detta mönster observerades i både HD and SCA1 cellinjer. En stor bemöda görs i denna studie för att optimera Dot Blot eftersom det är en metod som kan användas i alla laboratorier. Normalisering visade sig vara det svåraste med detektion av amyloider. Inga definitiva slutsatser kan dras från dessa experiment, eftersom reproducerbarhet och känslighet var bristande. Detta arbete tar upp några av de svårigheter som uppstod vid arbetande med detektion av amyloider speciellt Dot Blot. Detektion av amyloider med antikropp visade att amyloider bildades till stor utsträckning i infekterade cellinjer i jämförelse med icke-infekterade. Sammanfattningsvis, amyloider förändrades och amyloider bildades i närvaro av virus. Dessa resultat indikerar på att HSV-1 infektion skulle kunna vara involverad i processen av amyloid aggregering. De presenterade uppgifter i detta examensarbete är preliminära och behöver följas upp med ytterligare studier för att identifiera virusens exakta roll i amyloid bildning i HD och SCA patient celler.

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