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Multiplexed high-throughput screening identifies broadly active rescuers of proteotoxicityResnick, Samuel Jackson January 2022 (has links)
The accumulation of misfolded proteins within intracellular aggregates is a distinctive feature observed within multiple neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). However, the genes and pathways that regulate protein misfolding, aggregation, and subsequent cellular toxicity remain poorly understood. Here I describe a high-throughput discovery platform that enables the simultaneous screening of dozens of neurodegenerative disease models to rapidly uncover genetic modifiers that alter the solubility and toxicity of a wide variety of aggregation-prone proteins. From these studies, I identify the human HSP40 chaperone, DNAJB6 as a potent rescuer of the misfolding and proteotoxicity of multiple RNA-binding proteins implicated in Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) including FUS, TDP-43, and hnRNPA1.
I, with collaborator help, further demonstrate that DNAJB6 has an intrinsic ability to phase separate under physiologic conditions and can alter the properties of FUS containing condensates by maintaining them in a gel-like state over long periods, preventing FUS aggregation. By conducting domain mapping studies and a deep mutational scan on DNAJB6, I am able to gain detailed insight into its mechanism of action while also uncovering a series of novel variants with enhanced activity. During the development of this multiplexed screening approach for neurodegenerative disease models, research was interrupted by a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. I realized that the themes of studying proteotoxicity of multiple related, yet distinct models could be applied towards drug development to identify inhibitors of the essential 3CL proteases encoded by multiple coronaviruses, which cause proteotoxicity when expressed in cells. As such, I develop and describe a mammalian cell-based assay to identify coronavirus 3CL protease (3CLpro) inhibitors.
This essay is based on rescuing protease-mediated cytotoxicity and does not require live virus. By enabling the facile testing of compounds across a range of 15 distantly related coronavirus 3CLpro enzymes, I identify compounds with broad 3CLpro inhibitory activity. I also adapt the assay for use in compound screening and in doing so uncover additional SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors. I observe strong concordance between data emerging from this assay and those obtained from live virus testing. The reported approach democratizes the testing of 3CLpro inhibitors by developing a simplified method for identifying coronavirus 3CLpro inhibitors that can be used by the majority of laboratories, rather than the few with extensive biosafety infrastructure. I identify two lead compounds, GC376 and compound 4, with broad activity against all 3CL proteases tested including 3CLpro enzymes from understudied zoonotic coronaviruses.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis models derived from human embryonic stem cells with different superoxide dismutase 1 mutations exhibit differential drug responses / ヒト胚性幹細胞由来筋萎縮性側索硬化症モデル細胞はSOD1変異の違いにより異なる薬剤反応性を示すIsobe, Takehisa 23 March 2016 (has links)
Final publication is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873506115001191 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19579号 / 医博第4086号 / 新制||医||1013(附属図書館) / 32615 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 井上 治久, 教授 髙橋 良輔, 教授 岩田 想 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
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CUL2-mediated clearance of misfolded TDP-43 is paradoxically affected by VHL in oligodendrocytes in ALS / ミスフォールド型TDP-43のCUL2依存性分解機構におけるVHL蛋白質の相反的機能と、ALSのオリゴデンドロサイト細胞質封入体形成の関連についてUchida, Tsukasa 25 July 2016 (has links)
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS へのhyperlink http://www.nature.com/articles/srep19118 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19926号 / 医博第4146号 / 新制||医||1017(附属図書館) / 33012 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 岩井 一宏, 教授 井上 治久, 教授 影山 龍一郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
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Elimination of TDP-43 inclusions linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by a misfolding-specific intrabody with dual proteolytic signals / 分解型細胞内抗体によるTDP-43凝集体の除去効果 / # ja-KanaTamaki, Yoshitaka 25 September 2018 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21339号 / 医博第4397号 / 新制||医||1031(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 井上 治久, 教授 宮本 享, 教授 林 康紀 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
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Rescue of ALS Protein FUS Toxicity by TAFHayden, Elliott 05 June 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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V2a neurons pattern respiratory muscle activity in health and diseaseJensen, Victoria N. 02 June 2020 (has links)
No description available.
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Protocol Development and Optimization for rNLS Mouse Characteristic AssessmentFarid, Hasan January 2020 (has links)
No description available.
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Genetic analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron disordersValdmanis, Paul Nils. January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
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Decision-making for assisted ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosisLemoignan, Josée January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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Independent Home Use of a Brain-Computer Interface by People With Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisWolpaw, Jonathan R., Bedlack, Richard S., Reda, Domenic J., Ringer, Robert J., Banks, Patricia G., Vaughan, Theresa M., Heckman, Susan M., McCane, Lynn M., Carmack, Charles S., Winden, Stefan, McFarland, Dennis J., Sellers, Eric W., Shi, Hairong, Paine, Tamara, Higgins, Donald S., Lo, Albert C., Patwa, Huned S., Hill, Katherine J., Huang, Grant D., Ruff, Robert L. 17 June 2018 (has links)
Objective: To assess the reliability and usefulness of an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) for patients with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) who used it independently at home for up to 18 months.
Methods: Of 42 patients consented, 39 (93%) met the study criteria, and 37 (88%) were assessed for use of the Wadsworth BCI. Nine (21%) could not use the BCI. Of the other 28, 27 (men, age 28-79 years) (64%) had the BCI placed in their homes, and they and their caregivers were trained to use it. Use data were collected by Internet. Periodic visits evaluated BCI benefit and burden and quality of life.
Results: Over subsequent months, 12 (29% of the original 42) left the study because of death or rapid disease progression and 6 (14%) left because of decreased interest. Fourteen (33%) completed training and used the BCI independently, mainly for communication. Technical problems were rare. Patient and caregiver ratings indicated that BCI benefit exceeded burden. Quality of life remained stable. Of those not lost to the disease, half completed the study; all but 1 patient kept the BCI for further use.
Conclusion: The Wadsworth BCI home system can function reliably and usefully when operated by patients in their homes. BCIs that support communication are at present most suitable for people who are severely disabled but are otherwise in stable health. Improvements in BCI convenience and performance, including some now underway, should increase the number of people who find them useful and the extent to which they are used.
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