Inaugural dissertation, Bonn, 1907. / Lebenslauf.

[pt] Este trabalho apresenta como estudo de caso a eleição Norte Americana de 2016 e o uso de propaganda eleitoral como forma de ilustrar a nova Economia de Dados. A era da sociedade informacional Castells (1999) faz uso das tecnologias de comunicação para se informar fazer compras, manter contatos, e parte desse processo requer que se forneçam informações que serão armazenadas em grandes bancos de dados. A empresa Cambridge Analytica é uma das participantes desse mercado recém-formado, que conseguiu colocar um valor econômico a vasta quantidade de dados, e que por meio da mineração e analise de dados conseguiram formar perfil de eleitores, e este é o produto da empresa: a propaganda direcionada. Com surgimento da Internet foi possível ampliar a intensidade com que as informações são transferidas, a capacidade de alterar a rapidez e reduzir distâncias é o que diferencia a nova fase da história do mundo. Em vista o surgimento da precificação das informações dos usuários- que acabam se tornando produtos nesse mercado- o artigo pretende apresentar a necessidade do fortalecimento da legislação que prescreve como essas empresas devem atuar. Sobre tudo porque na ausência de leis que exigem o consentimento, a transparência da mineração, e como é feita a analise de dados, os direitos dos indivíduos acabam sendo minados, e nos deparamos com a possível manipulação da parcela da sociedade que são atingidas pelas propagandas. E se uma vez que a democracia é pautada pela liberdade de informação e por uma sociedade livre, a desinformação dessa sociedade torna-se uma ameaça. / [en] This paper presents as a case study the North American election of 2016 and the use of electoral propaganda as a way to illustrate the new Data Economy. The era of the information society (Castells, 1999) makes use of communication technologies to inform, make purchases, maintain contacts, and part of this process requires that information be provided that will be stored in large databases. Cambridge Analytica is one of the participants in this newly formed market, which has been able to put an economic value on the vast amount of data, and through mining and analysis of data have been able to form a profile of voters, and this is the company s product: targeted advertising. With the rise of the Internet it was possible to increase the intensity with which information is transferred, the ability to change speed and reduce distances is what differentiates the new phase of world history. Giving the appearance of pricing the user information - which eventually become products in this market – this article intends to present the need to strengthen the legislation that prescribes how these companies should act. Especially because in the absence of laws that require consent, the transparency of mining, and how data analysis is done, the rights of individuals are undermined, and we are faced with the possible manipulation of the share of society that is affected by the advertisements . And if democracy is governed by freedom of information and a free society, the disinformation of that society becomes a threat.

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In modern societies media have a central role as it is through the media that citizens in particular have access to information about their society. Information about society is crucial for citizens to be able to make thoughtful decisions in a democratic spirit. Political campaigns have started using personally targeted online advertising to reach new voters. This phenomenon is called “microtargeting” and the purpose is to identify individual voters that the parties are most likely to convince. Cambridge Analyticas operations, which are largely based on microtargeting, challenge democratic principles. This study purpose is divided in two parts. First is to map out and explain Cambridge Analyticas operations by analyzing from a democratic perspective. Second is to compile and systematize the proposed measures on democracy problems that are brought up in the debate about Cambridge Analytica. Idea analysis is the method of this paper, and it is of both descriptive and explanatory nature. It appears that Cambridge Analytica operations mainly undermines citizens' right to enlightened understanding and a free and factual debate. This undermines democratic principles in several ways. Furthermore, the studies show that the debate orbits around antitrust laws, how the legislation should formulate on how internet companies should handle personal information and what is the Internet companies own obligation in question. A smaller part of the debate also highlights the citizens' own capacity to be vigilant and critical of the Internet.

[pt] A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar os impactos gerados pelas estruturas de organização das plataformas digitais com funcionamento baseado em algoritmos nos processos de deliberação informal e formação democrática da vontade ao promover distorções significativas em procedimentos públicos de comunicação e interação, com reflexos sobretudo na esfera pública política. E neste cenário, investigar a atuação de campanhas e movimentos políticos, empresas e ferramentas de propaganda que por meio de desinformação disseminada em ambientes virtuais provocam um esgarçamento do debate público diminuindo o nível discursivo e a eficácia da esfera pública. / [en] This dissertation aims to research the impacts generated by the communicative structures of digital platforms in the discursive level of public sphere and in the practices of informal deliberation, analysing social media and their algorithm based system of information that operates through massive data collection and fragmented arenas, mechanisms that have produced significant distortions in public communication, especially in the political sphere. And also to investigate on the current electoral context, the proceeding of political campaigns and social movements, propaganda tools and companies that, for promoting mass disinformation, caused a retraction in the public debate, intensifying political polarisation and radicalism, reducing the effectiveness of the public sphere.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivelaine de Jesus Rodrigues.pdf: 731027 bytes, checksum: 02fce06ea7ba69aa8799bd408b721626 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Assuming that Brazilian grammatical productions of the nineteenth century ceased to be influenced by the orientation of the general and philosophical movement and began to be influenced by the orientation of the scientific mainstream in the period in which the process of grammar mastering was emerging, Maximino de Araújo Maciel published, in 1887, the Grammatica Analytica. Based upon the theoretical and methodological foundations of the History of Linguistic Ideas, this paper aims to describe and analyze the Grammatica Analytica, for the purpose of pointing out the present "modernity ". According to the grammarian himself suggests in the prologue of his work, comparing it, when necessary, with the Grammatica Descriptiva and analyze syntaxologia considering such theories. With this analysis, we intend to assert that the conception of modernity which in this period was linked to the comparative historical method is present in the grammar of Maximino Maciel, because we can identify allegiance to the precepts of the "modern theories" used by him. The attention to the shape, to the classifications, to the examples used, to the rules that have fallen into disuse made the Grammaticas Analytica and Descriptiva a reference to the Brazilian grammars branch of the nineteenth century / Partindo do princípio de que as produções gramaticais brasileiras do século XIX deixaram de ser influenciadas somente pela orientação da corrente geral e filosófica e passaram a ser influenciadas também pela orientação da corrente científica, no período em que emergia o processo de gramatização, Maximino de Araújo Maciel publicou, em 1887, a Grammatica Analytica. Embasado nos fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da História das Ideias linguísticas, este trabalho tem como objetivos descrever e analisar a Grammatica Analytica, com a finalidade de apontar a modernidade presente, de acordo com o que o próprio gramático sugere no prólogo da sua obra, comparando-a, quando necessário, com a Grammatica Descriptiva do mesmo autor e analisar a syntaxologia, considerando tais teorias. Com essa análise, pretendemos afirmar que a concepção de modernidade que nesse período estava ligada ao método histórico comparativo se faz presente na gramática de Maximino Maciel, pois conseguimos identificar a fidelidade aos preceitos das teorias modernas utilizadas por ele. O cuidado com a forma, com as nomenclaturas, com os exemplos empregados, com as regras que caíram em desuso fez das Grammaticas Analytica e Descriptiva, referência no ramo de gramáticas brasileiras do século XIX

This thesis focuses on investment, especially on the development of individual investments. It is concerned with stocks, bonds, mutual funds, saving accounts, real estates, commodities. The main objective is to create a model in Lumina Analytica. Interactive model should provides users (according to their filled values) the most likeliest appreciation of the selected portfolio investments. Supportive part of this thesis is an investment questionnaire. It obtains simplifield investment profile to potential investor and also a recommendation to which types of investments should investor invest. The purpose is to connect the subjective inestor view (the relationship of risk, return and liquidity) on investments with the real behavior of the individual investments with the help of analytical tools.

The Facebook - Cambridge Analytica scandal came to light in 2018 revealing the problematic surveillance practices, and violations of privacy the companies allowed. The EU has introduced a privacy legislation, GDPR, that came into effect in 2018 shortly after the scandal erupted. Privacy is a key problem with modern technologies, as companies are trying to gain all possible data on individuals. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the surveillance-privacy nexus in the EU. This thesis asked the research question of: How has surveillance, through emerging technologies, affected the EU's ability to protect the right to privacy? To analyse this research question, this thesis used case study and post-structuralist discourse analysis on the recordings of Alexander Nix, CEO of Cambridge Analytica, at a marking festival, and of Mark Zuckerberg at the European Parliament. To analyse the recordings, biopower and panopticon were used as core theoretical tools. Through utilization of the methods and the theoretical tools, the findings of this thesis point to the conclusion that the EU’s ability to protect privacy from surveillance practices was not affected by the modern surveillance technology, and therefore the protection against exploitation of privacy remains low.

This thesis asks for the role of signs in Aristotle's theory of knowledge. The great part of semiotic literature is restricted on the interpretation of the works De Interpretatione, which explains the theory of symbols, and Analytica Priora, which explains the theory of signs. In Aristotle's words, theory of signs is based on the theory of knowledge submitted in De Anima. However, semioticians are not able to define the exact part of this work which is being linked, therefore they only neglect this link. The aim of this thesis is to find how much the conception of knowledge submitted in De Anima works or does not work with the notion of representation, and which role Aristotle's notions of sign (sémeion) and symbol (symbolon) take in that issue. Keywords: Aristotle, De Interpretatione, Analytica Priora, De Anima, history of semiotics, knowledge, signs.

This thesis asks what conditions elevated the Cambridge Analytica (CA) conflict into a sustained and global political issue? Was this a privacy conflict and if so, how was it framed as such? This work demonstrates that the public outcry to CA formed out of three underlying structural conditions: The rise of the alt-right as an ideology, surveillance capitalism, and a growing and unregulated voter analytics industry. A network of actors seized the momentum of this conflict to drive the message that voter surveillance is a threat to democratic elections. These actors humanized the CA conflict and created a catalyst for a large scale public outrage to these previously ignored structures. Their focus on democratic threat also allowed this conflict to transcend the typical contours of a privacy conflict and demonstrate that the consequences of CA are societal, rather than personal. Despite the democratic threat of voter surveillance, Canada and the United States have yet to address the wider implications of voter surveillance adequately. Thus, how these systems are used will be a question of central importance in upcoming elections. / Graduate