A thesis presented on Parmenides of Elea, born in 510 B.C.E., serves as a muse for my studies in education. I find his fragments and specifically his poem, “On Nature,” to be very captivating as a metaphor for education and for life. Specifically, his work points towards the importance of being on a journey in quest of knowledge. I utilize his metaphor as a quest in a personal educational journey and also in an academic one that can be applied to the searches of others. I am interested in utilizing the writings of Parmenides’ work to form a framework for a philosophy curriculum for secondary schools. The thesis is centered on Parmenides’ proem-introduction, poem and its applications for applying philosophy to values clarification and ethics.

The author's thesis, Lund. / Imprint on cover: Lund, Gleerupska universitetsbokhandeln. Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-diss.--Göttingen. / Lebenslauf. "Literaturverzeichnis": p. vii-viii. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität Strassburg, 1906. / Published in its entirety in Dissertationes Argentoratenses selectae, v. 12. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-Diss.--Würzburg. / Lebenslauf.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

This thesis is concerned to demonstrate that Egypt had an important part to play in the formation of the Roman empire. There is a tendency for Classical scholarship to discuss Rome’s relationship with Egypt in terms which fall very far short of the way in which Rome’s encounters with Greek culture are treated. Within scholarship today, any perceived problems with Egypt are still often overstated, while any respect which the Romans may have held for Egyptian culture is dismissed, underplayed or only grudgingly accepted. I intend to re-appraise certain aspects of Egyptian/Egyptianising material culture in order to demonstrate that while some areas of the Roman literary corpus are scattered with apparently derogatory remarks about Egypt, the material evidence tells a quite different story. The aim of this thesis is to examine Egyptian/Egyptianising material culture in order to put the evidence of written texts into a fuller cultural context and perspective. I shall take a chronological approach and intend to focus primarily on artefacts found in the public sphere. The exception will be Chapter Four in which I shall discuss notions about Egypt in the private sphere. The final Chapter will conclude with Hadrian’s era in which the Villa at Tivoli may be seen as an expression of the merging of aspects of both public and private. Octavian’s so-called ‘propaganda’ campaign is central to the question of how scholarship deals with encounters between Egypt and Rome. After Egypt’s incorporation into the new empire of Rome, it was not in Octavian’s interests to continue a hostile disparagement of the country, given his status as pharaoh. I will argue that Octavian set in motion a rehabilitation of the country’s reputation by a policy of appeasement towards Egypt and by incorporating aspects of Egypt’s culture into Rome. It is my contention that Egypt had a greater role to play in the ideology of Rome’s empire, particularly through its first Emperor, than modern scholarship allows. I conclude that the ‘question of Egypt’ while complex, fluid and often contradictory, nevertheless was very much less negative than modern scholarship portrays.

<p> Prior to the addition of Egypt to the imperial state of Rome, the presence and influence of Roman culture in Egypt was not as strong as it was in other regions surrounding the Mediterranean. Under Augustus&rsquo; rule, Egypt was added to Rome&rsquo;s growing empire and the grain which grew so very well along the Nile began to flow out of Egypt towards Rome. Egyptian cities such as Alexandria became entrepots for Rome where trade was centered. This addition to the empire provided larger and different markets of exchange which enabled goods and ideas to be transferred within the cities of Egypt. These goods and ideas permeated the centers of exchange and their surrounding regions. As the influence of Rome grew within the metropoles of Egypt during its imperial reign, the lines which previously categorized and defined the boundaries of ethnicity and identity in the region began to blur.</p><p> In the wake of decolonization, historians have postulated that identity has become less of an absolute within modern empires. Recently there has been an increase of scholarship surrounding the phenomenon of identity in the ancient world, specifically looking at identity within imperial political systems. This work will utilize some aspects of modern imperial theory to attempt to show that identity within Rome&rsquo;s empire was in many ways similar to more modern imperial states. I will be using a variety of primary sources to supplement the secondary academic work I will also utilize. Specifically I will be looking at Imperial decrees, coins, papyrus documents (personal letters, receipts, legal documents, and army discharges), inscriptions, material culture, public spaces, and recent archaeology (funeral arrangements and Roman Mummies). Through looking at and analyzing these primary sources I will attempt to show how identity formation in Roman Egypt was blurred and not set by clear distinctions. The use of multiple differing primary sources and modern imperial theories have not, to my understanding, be attempted thus far. Nor has my claim been argued, that while there was a Romanization of those in Egypt, there was also a slight Egyptianzation of those Romans living in Egypt.</p>

Military activity by Egyptians, Israelites, "Sea Peoples," rival city-states and other factors have been promoted as causative agents for the destructions that sweep across the southern Levant and eventually bring about the collapse of Bronze Age civilization. The association of wide scale destruction and historical military campaigns are primarily made on the basis of chronological factors. There is no systematic analysis of the correlates of destruction and little work to ascertain whether they correspond to the claims of original historical sources. Yet decisive conclusions continue to be made concerning (1) sociopolitical history; (2) chronology; and (3) archaeological interpretation. This dissertation focuses on Egyptian military activity during the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age transition. The research design is formulated from questions pertaining to the identification, history, and chronology of specific sites; the destruction correlates that provide the focus, means, extent, and content of military activity; and elements of continuity/discontinuity. These questions are directed to Egyptian military documents, iconography, and sites in the southern Levant. Chapter One presents an introduction to the problem, the purpose, research design, and methodology of the study. Chapter Two contains the first comprehensive analysis of Egyptian terminology and iconography of Dynasties XIX through XX. Chapters Three and Four discuss the extent of Egyptian presence in the southern Levant and analyze sites, socioethnic and geographical/sociocultural entities located in the southern Levant and mentioned in Egyptian military documents. The appendices contain complete concordances of Egyptian military terminology, toponym determinatives, and analyze the structure of the final hymnic-poetic unit of the Merenptah Stela. A paradigm for Egyptian military activity during the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age transition is suggested based on the wholistic analysis of all sources presently available.

It is true that the music of antiquity is now mute, but archaeology has provided valuable artifacts pictorial representations showing musical activity and musical instruments of the ancient world. Several scholars have conducted paramount research regarding music from every period in the ancient Near East, and contributed greatly to the field. Further study, however, is required. This paper presents new questions to previously studied Near Eastern musical artifacts and iconography. These queries explore the areas of identifying instruments in artifacts and iconographic depictions, performance techniques, gender identification of musicians in depictions, and the use of space in cultic activities involving music. The goal of this study is to shed additional light and generate further discussion in these areas of musical activity in the Ancient Near East. As expected, this study is difficult. Nevertheless, these questions must be addressed in an effort to better understand music activity in ancient Israel/Palestine and surrounding Near Eastern cultures.