¡§Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)¡¨ is a research program initiated in 1999 by Babson College and London Business School. In its research papers, two types of entrepreneurship were mentioned: opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship. The term ¡§opportunity entrepreneurship¡¨ refers to the ones who pursue a business opportunity for personal interest. In contrast, people who reported they were involved in creating a business because they had no better choices for work were referred as ¡§necessity entrepreneurship.¡¨ In 2006, forty-two countries participated in the GEM program. According to the findings from the GEM program, opportunity entrepreneurship and necessity entrepreneurship are different in many aspects. Unfortunately, Taiwan is not one of the countries that are involved. Therefore, the major task of this thesis is to identify the differences between opportunity entrepreneurship and necessity entrepreneurship in Taiwan, focusing mainly on the city of Kaohsiung. In this research, we will concentrate on finding the differences between the opportunity entrepreneurship and the necessity entrepreneurship. The study will focus on backgrounds, characteristics, and experiences of these two kinds of entrepreneurships. Since this is a quantitative research, a questionnaire will be issue to each of the participants.

The primary objective of the study is to determine the level of corporate entrepreneurship within higher level employees at Anglogold Ashanti (Mponeng mine) in order to make recommendations regarding the encouragement of an entrepreneurial climate. A comprehensive literature was conducted. In the literature review entrepreneurship, corporate entrepreneurship and an entrepreneurial climate were defined. The establishment if a climate of corporate entrepreneurship was found to be dependent on the presence of 13 important constructs. If proposed steps are followed to promote corporate entrepreneurship in an organisation, five identified success factors will improve as a result. A historic overview of the gold mining industry including Anglogold Ashanti (Mponeng mine) was given in chapter 3. Part of the Anglogold Ashanti strategy is ?innovation?, wanting to give all employees the opportunity to contribute to improvement by sharing their ideas within the organisation. A questionnaire was adapted to test for the presence of the 13 construct of the climate of corporate entrepreneurship which were identified and to verify current perceptions regarding the organisational success of the organisation among middle managers. Empirical research was conducted which was focusing on discussing the results obtained from the questionnaires. Basic demographic information of the respondents were dealt with first, after which the perceptions of the respondents with regard to the 13 construct measuring the entrepreneurial climate and the constructs measuring the perceived success of the organisation were discussed. Furthermore, the relationships were determined between demographic variables and the constructs measured in the questionnaire. Following the detail analysis of chapter 4, it was concluded that managers participating in the survey regarded the entrepreneurial climate in Anglogold Ashanti (Mponeng mine) as being average. Based on the findings of the empirical research and the insight gained in the literature review, recommendations were made on how to foster an entrepreneurial climate within Angolgold Ashanti (Mponeng mine). / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Since the beginnings of venture creation the traditional role of the entrepreneur has evolved from only being the owner of a small business to include those individuals within a large organisation who has entrepreneurial skills and applies these to benefit the company. The focus of this research study was the assessment of corporate entrepreneurship within Sasol Polymers, a division of Sasol Ltd. A comprehensive literature review was conducted in chapter 2. In the literature review entrepreneurship, corporate entrepreneurship and an entrepreneurial climate were defined. The dimensions of corporate entrepreneurship and the 13 constructs measuring the entrepreneurial climate were discussed, after which the constructs measuring the perceived success of the organisation were presented. Chapter 2 concluded by presenting practical suggestions in which an entrepreneurial climate could be established in an organisation. A historic overview of Sasol and Sasol Polymers was then presented. Among others; the history, vision, strategy, technology and innovation was discussed. The chapter concluded with the unique causal factors of Sasol Polymers that prompted this study. Empirical research was conducted after the literature review and background to the organisation. The empirical research focused on discussing the results obtained from the corporate entrepreneurship questionnaire. Top, middle and lower level managers of Sasol Polymers were selected as the sample population for this study and a 50% response rate was achieved. Basic demographic information of the respondents were dealt with first, after which the perceptions of the respondents with regard to the 13 constructs measuring the entrepreneurial climate and the constructs measuring the perceived success of the organisation were discussed. Furthermore, relationships were determined between demographic variables and the constructs measured in the questionnaire. Following the detailed empirical analysis done in chapter 4, it was concluded that managers participating in the survey regarded the constructs vision and strategic intent, strong customer orientation and entrepreneurial leadership as the most prevalent in Sasol Polymers. The least prevalent constructs required for an entrepreneurial climate were resource availability and accessibility, tolerance for risk, mistakes and failure and sponsors/champions. No practical significant difference could be found between the mean values of any of the demographical categories and the constructs measured in the questionnaire. The study concludes with practical recommendation, a measurement of the achievement of objectives and suggestions for future research. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The primary objective of the study is to determine the level of corporate entrepreneurship within higher level employees at Anglogold Ashanti (Mponeng mine) in order to make recommendations regarding the encouragement of an entrepreneurial climate. A comprehensive literature was conducted. In the literature review entrepreneurship, corporate entrepreneurship and an entrepreneurial climate were defined. The establishment if a climate of corporate entrepreneurship was found to be dependent on the presence of 13 important constructs. If proposed steps are followed to promote corporate entrepreneurship in an organisation, five identified success factors will improve as a result. A historic overview of the gold mining industry including Anglogold Ashanti (Mponeng mine) was given in chapter 3. Part of the Anglogold Ashanti strategy is ?innovation?, wanting to give all employees the opportunity to contribute to improvement by sharing their ideas within the organisation. A questionnaire was adapted to test for the presence of the 13 construct of the climate of corporate entrepreneurship which were identified and to verify current perceptions regarding the organisational success of the organisation among middle managers. Empirical research was conducted which was focusing on discussing the results obtained from the questionnaires. Basic demographic information of the respondents were dealt with first, after which the perceptions of the respondents with regard to the 13 construct measuring the entrepreneurial climate and the constructs measuring the perceived success of the organisation were discussed. Furthermore, the relationships were determined between demographic variables and the constructs measured in the questionnaire. Following the detail analysis of chapter 4, it was concluded that managers participating in the survey regarded the entrepreneurial climate in Anglogold Ashanti (Mponeng mine) as being average. Based on the findings of the empirical research and the insight gained in the literature review, recommendations were made on how to foster an entrepreneurial climate within Angolgold Ashanti (Mponeng mine). / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Since the beginnings of venture creation the traditional role of the entrepreneur has evolved from only being the owner of a small business to include those individuals within a large organisation who has entrepreneurial skills and applies these to benefit the company. The focus of this research study was the assessment of corporate entrepreneurship within Sasol Polymers, a division of Sasol Ltd. A comprehensive literature review was conducted in chapter 2. In the literature review entrepreneurship, corporate entrepreneurship and an entrepreneurial climate were defined. The dimensions of corporate entrepreneurship and the 13 constructs measuring the entrepreneurial climate were discussed, after which the constructs measuring the perceived success of the organisation were presented. Chapter 2 concluded by presenting practical suggestions in which an entrepreneurial climate could be established in an organisation. A historic overview of Sasol and Sasol Polymers was then presented. Among others; the history, vision, strategy, technology and innovation was discussed. The chapter concluded with the unique causal factors of Sasol Polymers that prompted this study. Empirical research was conducted after the literature review and background to the organisation. The empirical research focused on discussing the results obtained from the corporate entrepreneurship questionnaire. Top, middle and lower level managers of Sasol Polymers were selected as the sample population for this study and a 50% response rate was achieved. Basic demographic information of the respondents were dealt with first, after which the perceptions of the respondents with regard to the 13 constructs measuring the entrepreneurial climate and the constructs measuring the perceived success of the organisation were discussed. Furthermore, relationships were determined between demographic variables and the constructs measured in the questionnaire. Following the detailed empirical analysis done in chapter 4, it was concluded that managers participating in the survey regarded the constructs vision and strategic intent, strong customer orientation and entrepreneurial leadership as the most prevalent in Sasol Polymers. The least prevalent constructs required for an entrepreneurial climate were resource availability and accessibility, tolerance for risk, mistakes and failure and sponsors/champions. No practical significant difference could be found between the mean values of any of the demographical categories and the constructs measured in the questionnaire. The study concludes with practical recommendation, a measurement of the achievement of objectives and suggestions for future research. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Thesis--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-132).

Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Masterarbeit, 2009

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Henry W. Bloch School of Business and Public Administration. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004. / "A dissertation in public affairs and administration and education." Advisor: Nancy Day. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Feb. 28, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-113). Online version of the print edition.

The purpose of this research report is to investigate how Entrepreneurship is being taught in the classroom of secondary schools and to see if there is a vast difference between how it is taught across the income spectrum of the students.The research used a qualitative methodological approach. Questionnaires were sent out to respondents selected by the researcher (convenient sample). Then there was a follow-up in-depth interview with all the respondents. The respondents are all teachers who currently teach entrepreneurship at secondary schools and were divided into three groups depending on the school they teach at. There is the private school, the Model C School and the public school.The research revealed that there are vast differences in the way entrepreneurship is taught between the schools. Private schools have a large component of ‘beyond the classroom’. These include company visits, guest lecturers on entrepreneurial exercises. Model C Schools were very limited with the ‘odd’ guest lecturer and ‘fund raising’ poject. Public schools have no practical component to entrepreneurship what so ever. All the previous research suggests that a practical component to teaching entrepreneurship is vital. This research high-light’s that entrepreneurial education is seriously lacking at secondary school level in that a practical component seems to be missing.This research report looked at different schools to see if there was possibly a model that could be replicated across secondary schools that could bring in a practical element to teaching entrepreneurship. A model was found called, ‘R10 in ten days’. Students are placed in pairs and given R10 on a Wednesday. The following Friday they return the R10 and profit. They pay 20% to the school and keep the rest. This is a model that can be implemented in every school. Furthermore it creates a culture of ‘entrepreneurship’. Parents, relatives and friends get involved. A culture that encourages entrepreneurs is far more successful than one that doesn’t. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

<div>This dissertation investigates how entrepreneurs make significant decisions during the progressive stages of business development and evaluates how the unique psychological traits of entrepreneurs influence these key decisions from initialization to exit. </div><div>The first essay, which is based on current literature exploring organizational identification, theorizes that an entrepreneur’s exit decision depends upon the strength of his/her organizational identification with his/her specific business endeavors. This work suggests factors that reduce or enhance organizational identification (e.g., prior entrepreneurial experience, the number of co-founders, the status of the core founders, and the duration of the organization as a private firm) and summarizes how these factors affect an entrepreneur’s voluntary succession. </div><div>Next, the second essay sheds light on the relationship between hybrid entrepreneurship and performance at the initial stage of entrepreneurial activities. Drawing upon the entrepreneurial threshold literature, this paper develops a theory of how hybrid entrepreneurship, regardless of the status of an entrepreneur’s transition to full-time employment, may affect the financing and commercialization of entrepreneurial activity. </div><div>Finally, a third significant essay reflects on the topic of the new era with multiple financing sources (e.g., crowdfunding and peer-to-peer lending), examining how hybrid entrepreneurship influences an entrepreneur’s financing preference (i.e., financing goal amount, financing schedule, and staged financing decision). Starting from the atypical contextual background of hybrid entrepreneurs (i.e., low self-confidence and considerable resource limitation), this essay theorizes that hybrid entrepreneurs prefer to request smaller amounts of financing over either a longer term or with staged financing, compared to full-time entrepreneurs. Furthermore, in order to delve into the mechanisms behind the given association, the moderating effect of prior entrepreneurial success is also investigated.<br></div>