No description available.

No description available.

The determination of ionic mobilities by conductometric titration was first suggested by Barker, Rowler and Shuttleworth in discussing the theory of conductometric titration of acids, bases and neutral salts. Intro. p. 1.

A multiple case study approach was used to investigate the pattern of experience in a career transition. The participants were five men and five women who had completed a career change. The participants were selected to represent a variety of occupations. The study produced ten rich, detailed narrative accounts of career transition. Each one is told from the perspective of the individual who went through the experience. The accounts were based on in depth descriptions of the experience, and a charting of the transition using terms drawn from relevant transition models. Each account was reviewed and validated by the case study participant, who was the subject of the narrative, and by an independent reviewer. A comparison of the individual accounts revealed a pattern of experience that was common to all ten cases of career transition. It can be best represented as a three phase process, with each phase involving a distinctive character and each subsequent phase building on the preceding one. Furthermore, in each case the career transition reflected a process that was cyclical rather than linear in nature. Several theoretical implications arise from this study. First, it supports those models that describe career transition as a three stage process. The common pattern bears a remarkable resemblance to the rites of passage process described by Van Gennep (1908/1960). Second, the accounts suggest that the meaning of one’s work can change over the course of one’s life and that a career change be considered a change in a person’s life path. Third, the accounts support rejecting the notion of career transition having to be a crisis or traumatic event. From a practical standpoint, the pattern of transition can serve as a guide for those who are going through a career transition and for those who counsel them. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the geographical and occupational origins, the educational backgrounds and the career patterns of the leading executives in Canadian corporations. This information should be of interest to firms concerned with executive selection and training. Since both the quality and quantity of managers affect the performance of the Canadian economy, the government should encourage their development. Through well-known directories, a list of 332 large firms and their top executives was compiled. A twenty-three item questionnaire was mailed to the three most senior officers in each firm. The response rate of 49.6% compared favorably with other mobility studies. After the coding and processing of the returns, computer printouts were analyzed and compared with census statistics and other mobility studies to identify the significant items. This research used the concept of proportional representation to measure movement into executives ranks. A ratio was calculated between the percentage of the respondents with a particular attribute, such as birthplace, education or father's occupation, and the proportion with the same attribute in the male work force. The backgrounds of Canada's leading executives were not proportional to the general population. Urban centers, United States and the western provinces contributed more than their percentages in the Canadian population. Quebec was under-represented, even in its own province. Probably the most significant factor distinguishing the respondents from the general population was the educational level attained by the executives. The proportion with university degrees was eleven times the percentage of the male labour force in Canada. At the other end of the scale, it had more than twelve times more men who had not completed high school than the respondents. While the advantage of a university degree seemed greater in Canada, the emphasis on high education was common to all mobility studies. It was more evident among the younger executives and the more recent studies. This study also indicated a growing emphasis on post graduate studies in business. Other studies suggested two possible reasons for the under-representation of French Canadians at executive ranks: lower educational achievement and less emphasis on business and engineering courses in French language universities. Francophones with such training are now being offered higher starting salaries and prospects of faster progress into management. Comparisons of the occupational origins of the executives with those of the labour force suggested that mobility into executive ranks was less open than in United States. Representation ratios of 8.5 for the managerial group and 4.5 for professional men were higher than in any recent mobility study of American leaders. Because immigrants represent a large proportion of the Canadian executives and their forefathers, another analysis was made which was independent of national boundaries. By comparing the occupation of the executives' fathers with those of the grandfathers, the ratios of occupational stability were calculated. This ratio for the major executives in Canada was also higher than for American business leaders. Despite the tendency to recruit executives from families already in the managerial or professional ranks, the responses indicated less influence from relatives and friends than in comparable American studies. Questions about changes in mobility into executive rank and career development require additional research. Grants for business studies in Canada would develop managerial talent and preserve Canadian identity better than grants to foreign corporations to develop resources or build industrial plants. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

This study attempts to explicate the observable differences in the rate of upward social mobility among the various ethnic groups in terms of a configuration of motives. The results of earlier studies investigating the relationship between achievement motivation and social mobility had indicated that the achievement motivation by itself is not sufficient to satisfactorily explicate the problem of differential rate of social mobility. It has been suggested that it may be necessary to incorporate the affiliation motive as the second motivational factor affecting social mobility. This study proposes to pursue this suggestion further. The general hypotheses to be tested here are as follows. 1. Ethnic groups vary in their motivational orientation, and they can be classified into groups of similar motivational configuration (motivational groups) determined by the relative strengths of the tendencies to approach success and to avoid failure, the two components of achievement motivation, and the affiliation motive. 2. These motivational groups vary in their levels of occupational and educational aspirations which are assumed to be indices of potential mobility. 3. Because of the feeling of alienation, the affiliation motive would be stronger among the members of the ethnic minority than among the members of the culturally dominant group, and it is expected that among the former the affiliation motive is more significant as a determinant of aspiration levels than the achievement motive. The sample consisted of all available Grade 11 and 12 boys from three Vancouver schools. The test consisting of the Thermatic Apperception Test (TAT), Mandler-Sarasen Test Anxiety Questionnaire (TAQ), and a set of questions designed to establish subjects' ethnicity, social class, occupational and educational aspirations were administered in a number of separate group sessions in each of the schools. Both the TAT and TAQ were scored in accordance with the relevant scoring manuals and the occupational aspiration score was determined by a modified version of the system used by Rosen. The results are in general not conclusive. The hypothesized relationship between motivational configuration and occupational aspiration is apparent although the trend is not statistically significant. There is, however, no apparent relationship between motivational configuration and educational aspirations. The results further show that when class is taken into account the aspiration scores of the members of the upper class is related neither to achievement nor to affiliation. The question of the relative strengths of affiliation and achievement motives also remains unresolved. It was concluded that the theory of achievement motivation may find useful applications in the problems of socio-economic phenomena, but these results indicate the improvements in both theoretical and methodological areas must be made in order to obtain more reliable results. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

No description available.

The polarized and unpolarized differential cross-sections and the analyzing power angular distributions of the pp→π⁺ d reaction have been measured to a statistical precision of better than one percent over several incident proton beam energies between 350 and 500 MeV for center-of-mass angles from 20° to 150°. The unpolarized differential cross-sections were measured at 350, 375, 425, and 475 MeV with unpolarized incident beams. The polarized differential cross-sections and analyzing powers were measured at 375, 450, and 498 MeV using polarized incident beams. Angular distributions of the unpolarized and polarized differential cross-sections are expanded into Legendre and Associated Legendre polynomial series respectively, and the ai°° and biⁿ° expansion coefficients fit to the respective measurements. The resulting coefficients are compared with existing data and recent theoretical predictions. The observation of significant non-zero a₆°° coefficent is interpreted as indication of a significant contribution from the ¹G₄ N-N partial wave channel at energies as low as 498 MeV. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography is a widely used analytical separation technique. To achieve separation, it uses interaction of analytes with charged micelles present in the background electrolyte (BGE). Not only the mobilities of analytes but also mobilities of small inorganic ions, usually contained in the BGE, are influenced by the presence of micelles. Description of interactions between inorganic ions and micelles is needed for better understanding electrophoretic separations in BGEs containing micelles. Determination of physico-chemical constants (interaction constants, mobilities of complexes) by capillary electrophoresis is based on accurate determination of effective mobilities. For this reason, accurate determination of mobility of electroosmotic flow (EOF) is also necessary but complicated in BGEs containing charged micelles, because the neutral EOF marker can be mobilized by interaction with the micelles. In this work a new two-detector method for determination of effective mobility in interacting BGEs was proposed. In this method the analyte is placed in the BGE containing charged micelles, while the marker zone is in the BGE without micelles and so the possible interaction is avoided. Using this method, dependence of sodium cation mobility on concentration of lithium...

Copper is applied to many crops as a fungicide/bactericide, including plasticulture tomato growing operations. Field tests have shown that copper is sometimes found in ground water near these fields. Therefore, a laboratory study was undertaken to determine if this copper can result from plasticulture application and to determine the mechanisms that account for the movement through soil to the subsurface. From the factors that may affect this mobility process; TOC, dryness and its temperature cycle and water content of the soil were selected for study. These factors were investigated in both batch and continuous flow (column) processes. Copper mobility through soil columns was associated with TOC mobility, and soil drying had a major effect on both copper and TOC mobility. The concentration of copper eluted from columns containing dried soils was up to 20 times higher from those containing wet soils. The extent of dryness was found to affect mobility. First-flush-pattern for both copper and TOC from the columns was observed in all columns studies. In this research the copper mobility through the A- and B-horizon of Bojac sandy loam from the Eastern Shore of Virginia was studied. This study included both batch and column processes. The effects of pH, TOC and humic substances were investigated. The mobility of copper was found to be higher through A-horizon soil. The pH was found to have a considerable effect on the mobility of copper and TOC. The highest mobility of copper was achieved at pH 6.24 and its mobility through both soil horizons was associated with the mobility of TOC. A study of the humic substances indicated that fulvic acids had 4 times higher adsorption capacity for copper than humic acids. The association between fulvic acids and copper, coupled with the mobility of TOC and fulvic acids in the soil, accounted for transport of copper through soil columns. / Ph. D.