Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-143).

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-122). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Colorado, Boulder, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [356]-404).

Thesis (M.L.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes special study report entitled : Solar applications to landscape design. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes special study report entitled : Transactional relationship between school and community. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

O desenvolvimento sustentável foi definido pelo Relatório Brundtland como o desenvolvimento que satisfaz as necessidades presentes, sem comprometer a capacidade das gerações futuras de suprir suas próprias necessidades. Esse tipo de desenvolvimento abarca tanto a questão do crescimento econômico com distribuição de renda, quanto a necessidade de se preservar os recursos escassos do planeta, além de seus ecossistemas. O desenvolvimento sustentável é um tema que aborda dois conceitos-chave que afetam as relações entre os países: a necessidade de desenvolvimento de muitas nações que ainda não atingiram o patamar de riqueza dos países desenvolvidos e o imperativo da sustentabilidade, que restringe a possibilidade do desenvolvimento econômico ao interferir no processo produtivo das nações. Dessa forma, torna-se necessário abordar o desenvolvimento sustentável na perspectiva das Relações Internacionais. Acordos cooperativos em relação ao meio ambiente têm sido assinados muito mais como forma de cooperação bilateral do que global. O contexto histórico nos leva a um ponto de inflexão no cenário internacional, iniciado no ano de 2002 e que perdura até os dias atuais. Neste início de século XXI, a convergência dos países ao desenvolvimento sustentável passa a ser analisada pelo esforço unilateral de cada nação, explicitando o uso dos indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável e justificando sua apreciação. É neste período em que se dará a análise da economia brasileira, conforme proposto pela dissertação. A partir da análise dos dados fornecidos pelos indicadores para a situação do desenvolvimento sustentável no Brasil, tem-se elaborada a questão central que esta dissertação procurará responder: a efetividade no uso destes indicadores para o direcionamento das políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável das nações. A valoração do desenvolvimento sustentável é de vital importância para o posicionamento das nações frente ao tema ambiental no mundo. Como diferentes conceitos são aceitos para o tema, a possibilidade de um grande acordo multilateral acerca do mesmo fica prejudicada. A maneira encontrada por alguns países foi redirecionar suas economias unilateralmente à sustentabilidade. O que isso irá provocar nas Relações Internacionais só o tempo poderá dizer. O que é certo é que a frágil relação entre os países será afetada por esse fato. O Brasil desponta como um expoente do desenvolvimento sustentável, pelo menos na intenção, e é através do uso de ferramentas como os indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável que podemos mensurar o quanto seu discurso se converte em prática. / Sustainable development was defined by the Brundtland Report as development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This type of development includes both the issue of economic growth with income distribution, and the need to preserve the scarce resources of the planet and its ecosystems. Sustainable development is a topic that addresses two key concepts that affect the relations between the countries: the need for development of many nations that have not yet reached the level of wealth in developed countries and the imperative of sustainability, which restricts the possibilities of economic development by interfering in the production process of nations. Thus, it is necessary to address sustainable development in view of International Relations. Cooperative agreements in relation to the environment have been signed much more as a form of bilateral cooperation than global. Beginning of this century, the convergence of countries to sustainable development is being considered by the unilateral effort of each nation, which explains the use of sustainable development indicators and justify your analysis. It is this period that will give the analysis of the Brazilian economy, as proposed by the paper. From the analysis of data provided by indicators to the situation of sustainable development in Brazil has developed the central question that this dissertation will seek to answer: the effective use of indicators for sustainable development to the direction of policies of sustainable development of nations. The measurement of sustainable development is of vital importance to positioning of the nations facing the environmental issue in the world. How different concepts are accepted for the subject, the possibility of a major multilateral agreement on the subject is impaired. The way found by some countries was redirect their economies unilaterally to sustainability. What this will cause in International Relations only time will tell. What is certain is that the fragile relationship between the countries will be affected by this fact. Brazil has emerged as an exponent of sustainable development, at least in speech, and it is through the use of tools such as sustainable development indicators that we can measure how much the speech is converted into practice.

O desenvolvimento sustentável foi definido pelo Relatório Brundtland como o desenvolvimento que satisfaz as necessidades presentes, sem comprometer a capacidade das gerações futuras de suprir suas próprias necessidades. Esse tipo de desenvolvimento abarca tanto a questão do crescimento econômico com distribuição de renda, quanto a necessidade de se preservar os recursos escassos do planeta, além de seus ecossistemas. O desenvolvimento sustentável é um tema que aborda dois conceitos-chave que afetam as relações entre os países: a necessidade de desenvolvimento de muitas nações que ainda não atingiram o patamar de riqueza dos países desenvolvidos e o imperativo da sustentabilidade, que restringe a possibilidade do desenvolvimento econômico ao interferir no processo produtivo das nações. Dessa forma, torna-se necessário abordar o desenvolvimento sustentável na perspectiva das Relações Internacionais. Acordos cooperativos em relação ao meio ambiente têm sido assinados muito mais como forma de cooperação bilateral do que global. O contexto histórico nos leva a um ponto de inflexão no cenário internacional, iniciado no ano de 2002 e que perdura até os dias atuais. Neste início de século XXI, a convergência dos países ao desenvolvimento sustentável passa a ser analisada pelo esforço unilateral de cada nação, explicitando o uso dos indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável e justificando sua apreciação. É neste período em que se dará a análise da economia brasileira, conforme proposto pela dissertação. A partir da análise dos dados fornecidos pelos indicadores para a situação do desenvolvimento sustentável no Brasil, tem-se elaborada a questão central que esta dissertação procurará responder: a efetividade no uso destes indicadores para o direcionamento das políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável das nações. A valoração do desenvolvimento sustentável é de vital importância para o posicionamento das nações frente ao tema ambiental no mundo. Como diferentes conceitos são aceitos para o tema, a possibilidade de um grande acordo multilateral acerca do mesmo fica prejudicada. A maneira encontrada por alguns países foi redirecionar suas economias unilateralmente à sustentabilidade. O que isso irá provocar nas Relações Internacionais só o tempo poderá dizer. O que é certo é que a frágil relação entre os países será afetada por esse fato. O Brasil desponta como um expoente do desenvolvimento sustentável, pelo menos na intenção, e é através do uso de ferramentas como os indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável que podemos mensurar o quanto seu discurso se converte em prática. / Sustainable development was defined by the Brundtland Report as development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This type of development includes both the issue of economic growth with income distribution, and the need to preserve the scarce resources of the planet and its ecosystems. Sustainable development is a topic that addresses two key concepts that affect the relations between the countries: the need for development of many nations that have not yet reached the level of wealth in developed countries and the imperative of sustainability, which restricts the possibilities of economic development by interfering in the production process of nations. Thus, it is necessary to address sustainable development in view of International Relations. Cooperative agreements in relation to the environment have been signed much more as a form of bilateral cooperation than global. Beginning of this century, the convergence of countries to sustainable development is being considered by the unilateral effort of each nation, which explains the use of sustainable development indicators and justify your analysis. It is this period that will give the analysis of the Brazilian economy, as proposed by the paper. From the analysis of data provided by indicators to the situation of sustainable development in Brazil has developed the central question that this dissertation will seek to answer: the effective use of indicators for sustainable development to the direction of policies of sustainable development of nations. The measurement of sustainable development is of vital importance to positioning of the nations facing the environmental issue in the world. How different concepts are accepted for the subject, the possibility of a major multilateral agreement on the subject is impaired. The way found by some countries was redirect their economies unilaterally to sustainability. What this will cause in International Relations only time will tell. What is certain is that the fragile relationship between the countries will be affected by this fact. Brazil has emerged as an exponent of sustainable development, at least in speech, and it is through the use of tools such as sustainable development indicators that we can measure how much the speech is converted into practice.

Cette recherche s'interroge sur l'interrelation entre le développement urbain et le développement durable dans le sens où celui-ci peut se concrétiser en milieu urbain et à différents niveaux stratégiques de la ville. Sous cet angle, la recherche ambitionne une meilleure compréhension de cette interrelation, notamment par ses implications potentielles pour la ville de Bagdad (Irak) qui constitue l'étude de cas. Pour atteindre cet objectif, la recherche implique une évaluation critique de la ville afin de savoir si la dynamique existante (défis et réponses) et les mutations urbaines actuelles (le développement économique, le changement social et l'envergure de l'implication du public, la transition politique), ainsi que les projets de développement urbain effectivement élaborés à la suite des efforts locaux de reconstruction – mais aussi sous l'impact du processus de globalisation - pourraient être orientés de façon à créer un terrain favorable pour engager un processus de développement durable en contexte. Toutefois, avant de passer à cette dernière étape ambitieuse, la question de recherche est examinée au prisme de trois étapes structurelles. Tout d'abord avec un regard sur l'histoire de façon à mieux voir comment a débuté la création de la ville de Bagdad et sa formation, puis quels furent son développement et ses transformations jusqu'à sa situation actuelle. Deuxièmement, en soulignant et analysant les conséquences et les problèmes actuels de son développement et ses impacts sur les différents aspects de l'état urbain (la société, la culture, l'environnement, la politique, etc. ...), cela pour mieux comprendre les débats actuels et les efforts contradictoires portés sur le développement de la ville concernée. Troisièmement, au-delà d'une recherche théorique sur le concept de développement durable, et de l'examen de certaines perspectives et de points de vue théoriques à partir desquels ce concept a été approché, la recherche est plus précisément conduite dans le but de bien comprendre comment s'engager correctement en faveur d'un développement adapté et d'un avenir durable pour la ville de Bagdad. Il importe ici de rappeler que cette approche s'inscrit dans un contexte où le rôle de la durabilité n'a pas reçu une attention appropriée de la part de la recherche en termes d'analyse des divers avantages et inconvénients apportés au contexte concerné. A cet égard, bien qu'il existe certaines similitudes entre les villes à travers le monde, et que l'on puisse aussi admettre qu'il y ait beaucoup d'éléments globaux communs au sujet du développement de la ville, il convient de relever qu'il y a aussi des dimensions locales et régionales jouant un rôle important. A cet à égard la recherche révèle que Bagdad est un produit unique (dans le sens d'inhabituel) pour la mise en œuvre de politiques de développement urbain. La recherche vise aussi à établir une vision stratégique pour la ville en matière de développement urbain durable, en mettant d'abord l'accent sur des démarches stratégiques qui prennent en considération toute la complexité de la gestion et de l'aménagement de la ville. Enfin, la recherche esquisse les orientations d'un Schéma Directeur visant à maîtriser à la fois la forme urbaine et la croissance dans la perspective d'une éventuelle évolution vers une ville plus adaptée et "durable". / This research questions the interrelation of urban development and sustainable development, in the sense that sustainable development could be operationalized in the urban environment and at a variety of strategic levels of the city. Within this objective, this research seeks to achieve, through the case study of the research (Baghdad), a better understanding of this relation, especially by its prospective implications for Baghdad. To achieve this goal, the research involves a critical assessment of whether, the dynamics (challenges and responses) and current urban changes (economic development, social transformations and the extent of public involvement, and the political transition), as well as urban development projects actually developed through local reconstruction efforts and impact of the process of globalization, could be invested and oriented to create a favourable ground to start an implementation of the sustainable development. However, before proceeding to the last ambitious step, the research aims to address the main research question through three structural phases: firstly through history in order to see how the creation of the city began, its formation, how it was developing and transforming up to its current situation. Secondly, for highlighting and analyzing the consequences and current problems of the city development and their impact on various aspects of the urban condition (society, culture, environment, politics, etc ....), in order to establish an understanding of current debates and contradictory efforts on the development of Baghdad city. Thirdly, beyond a theoretical research on the concept of sustainable development and a review of some points of view and theoretical perspectives from which this concept was approached, the research explicitly leads to a better understanding of how it could be possible to engage properly in the new commitment to an appropriate development and sustainable future for the city of Baghdad. It is important to remind here that this approach takes place in a context where the role of sustainability has not received appropriate attention of the research, in terms of analysis of the various advantages and disadvantages that are relevant to the context. In this respect, although there are some similarities between the cities around the world, as well as there are a lot of global common elements on development of the city, there are also local and regional dimensions that play an important role. With respect to these dimensions the study reveals that Baghdad is unique (in the sense of unusual) for the implementation of urban development policies. The research also aims to develop a strategic vision for the city's sustainable urban development, focusing primarily on the strategic approaches that take into account the complexity of the management and development of the city. Finally, the research proposes an attempt to outline a master plan to control both urban form and growth in any change, while ensuring a proper orientation to a city more responsive and “sustainable”.

Thesis (MTech (Tourism Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. / The revenue generated by tourism can be directed to the social and cultural well being of communities. This aspect is considered as an important social dimension of sustainable tourism. Management should develop a prescient, well-founded, and creative view of future opportunities that will spur pre-emptive competence-building, provide focus into their efforts, ensure consistency in investment programmes, and serve as a guide for decisions concerning strategic alliances and acquisitions. It is necessary to acknowledge the impact of tourism on the socio-economic development of communities. The creation of employment, transfer of skills, contribution to venue infrastructure, local arts and cultural development, as well as the process of product ownership to show their willingness to do so, may add to a great deal of community pride. Over a period of time, the ABSA Klein Karoo Nasionale Kunstefees (KKNK) has developed into a major arts festival in South Africa. Since its inception in 1994, and with an initial investment of R750 000.00, the festival turn-over grew to an estimated R65 million in 2006. As the festival operates as a Section 21 Company (an organisation not for gain), funding depends entirely on grants, donations, contributions and corporate sponsorships. Arts festivals can be grouped within the current corporate and social funding framework of ABSA Bank. Despite the type and rate of growth, local communities and consumers have reached different stages in the adoption of the festival.