Background: Customer-based brand equity (CBBE) is the differential effect that brand knowledge has on consumers’ response to that brand’s marketing. This research seeks to apply CBBE to action sports sponsorship in a South African context. CBBE was used to investigate the following; • The impact of sponsorship intervention on CBBE<br> • How multiple CBBE objectives can be achieved through sponsorship<br> • The differential effect of sponsorship leveraging activities on CBBE<br> • The influence of interest and involvement in an event on CBBE <br> Results: A quasi experiment, using interrupted time series analysis, found that only brand awareness was raised owing to sponsorship intervention. Sponsors were not very successful at achieving multiple objectives, while some did manage to achieve their primary objective. It was found that the impact of leveraging activities, according to type of brand, had a differential impact on CBBE. Very little association was found between the level of interest and involvement and CBBE. Conclusion: A framework for sponsors to manage CBBE objectives, sponsorship activities and evaluation was presented. New marketing and leveraging techniques are continuously needed to maintain and raise CBBE perceptions. These techniques should leverage interest and involvement in the event to create goodwill and brand loyalty. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Includes bibliographies.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / We introduce the quantum toroidal superalgebra E(m|n) associated with the Lie superalgebra gl(m|n) and initiate its study. For each choice of parity "s" of gl(m|n), a corresponding quantum toroidal superalgebra E(s) is defined. To show that all such superalgebras are isomorphic, an action of the toroidal braid group is constructed. The superalgebra E(s) contains two distinguished subalgebras, both isomorphic to the quantum affine superalgebra Uq sl̂(m|n) with parity "s", called vertical and horizontal subalgebras. We show the existence of Miki automorphism of E(s), which exchanges the vertical and horizontal subalgebras. If m and n are different and "s" is standard, we give a construction of level 1 E(m|n)-modules through vertex operators. We also construct an evaluation map from E(m|n)(q1,q2,q3) to the quantum affine algebra Uq gl̂(m|n) at level c=q3^(m-n)/2.

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<p>The intent of the physical education program in highschools is to provide students with information and skills that will assist them in living a healthy, active lifestyle. This intent was not been realized through the teaching of physical education at Syl Apps School, a secure custody facility for Young Offenders. Action Research was used to investigate the areas in which the physical education program was not meeting the needs of the female students at Syl Apps.</p><p></p><p> The action research process involved the stages of finding a starting point, clarifying the problem, developing action strategies and putting them into practice. These stages were undertaken twice in order to ensure the efficacy of the action strategies developed.</p><p></p><p> The purpose of this project was to develop suggested modifications to the physical education course so that it would be better suited to the female students at Syl Apps. The suggested modifications that resulted from this project included the establishment of four key assessment tools (Movement skills Assessment, Sister's Package, Self Assessment, Fitness Profile), and the inclusion of a clinical component into the course.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (Teaching)

This study investigated mercury-sensitized photochemical action on a mixture of isobutane and isobutene. Flow runs of isobutane-isobutene 3.2.1 mercury-saturated gases illuminated with unfiltered radiation of mercury vapor lamp gave no detectable change to hydrocarbons heavier than C4 at reaction tempratures of 27C. and 99C.

Doctor of Philosophy / This dissertation joins a vibrant conversation in entrepreneurship research about the variance and similarity of entrepreneurial action and related outcomes. Specifically, this dissertation explores the effects of external environmental changes, such as COVID-19, Artificial Technology, the NCAA's Rule Change on the use of Name, Image, and Likeness, on entrepreneurship. Given that these environmental changes vary—some are more sudden than others, they do not have the same impact on entrepreneurship, in essence, they lead to heterogeneous entrepreneurial action and outcomes. By developing three interconnected essays, the dissertation examines the heterogeneity in entrepreneurship. Collectively, these essays bring home the idea that changes in the external environment provide important raw materials for individuals and firms to undertake entrepreneurial action. The findings suggest that variance in the raw materials and the characteristics of the individuals and firms generate heterogeneous entrepreneurial action and outcomes. Consequently, the presence of inequities in entrepreneurship corresponds to the societal grand challenges faced by policymakers around the world. Subsequently, by providing a novel theory and empirical treatments of the causes of heterogeneity of entrepreneurial action, the dissertation signifies the continued relevance of the entrepreneurship discipline to the spheres of academia and practice.

Hannah Arendt has been widely criticized for conceiving a theory of action and the public realm as devoid of any ethical restraints. This paper suggests that such criticism, as well as proponents of Arendt’s theory, fails to deal with her theory on its own terms and argue that her own notion of manifesting principles as the purpose of action, provides an account of political action that is ethically oriented towards our common world. Although such an account does not determine the rectitude of political judgement nor direct action towards ethically preconceived goals, it distinguishes political from practical reasoning as a distinct sphere of normativity that accords with the necessary conditions of Arendt’s theory of action. This paper suggests that the necessary conditions for a valid notion of action and thus a valid political normativity are (1): the performativity of action, (2): the autonomy of action and (3): action as the generative source of our common world. This paper concludes by suggesting that a proper critique or defence of Arendt’s theory of action should proceed by first engaging with the relationship between her notion of principles and the necessary conditions of a political normativity. Such an endeavor would refrain from shackling action according to the precepts of moral philosophy that either deny or downplay the importance of these conditions.

Thought-action fusion (TAF) is the phenomenon whereby one has difficulty separating cognitions, particularly those that are intrusive and disturbing, from their corresponding behaviors. Recent work has suggested that TAF is malleable and amenable to change. The current study examined the effects of three different psychoeducational interventions on thought-action fusion, anxiety, thought suppression, magical thinking, and responsibility cognitions. Assessments were conducted both immediately following the interventions and after a two-week period. Results indicated that individuals who received a cognitive-based intervention that targeted irrational thoughts had significantly lower TAF scores than individuals who received an intervention that discussed thoughts from a non-evaluative framework and individuals in the control group, both immediately following the intervention and at the two-week follow-up. As hypothesized, all groups experienced a significant decrease in anxiety between the post-intervention and follow-up assessments; however, there was a trend towards significance for those who were exposed to the cognitive-based intervention to experience a greater decrease in anxiety than those in the control group. The cognitive-based intervention group was the only group that did not experience a significant increase in thought-suppression from baseline to post-intervention, and was also the only group to experience an increase in both frequency of and belief in low-responsibility thoughts from baseline to follow-up. No significant group differences were found for the construct of magical thinking. Implications are discussed.

Technological advancements have resulted in highly automated systems that are featured in many kinds of tools and devices, such as self-driving cars, autopilot in airplanes, and much more. Such systems have enabled tools to plan, decide, and act autonomously. This breakthrough resulted in a new manner of interacting with tools, known as "Human-Robot Joint Action" or "human-AI interaction," in which people and automated tools share control over the tasks that must be performed. However, little is known about the impact of such interactions on people and their sense of agency (SoA) as well as how much autonomy to grant to tools. As a result, the objective of this systematic review is to investigate and understand how automated tools affect human SoA, and if tools with different levels of automation affect our SoA differently. A search in two databases, Scopus, and MEDLINE EBSCO was conducted, and 8 articles were included. The findings suggest that the more automated the tool is, the less SoA participants experience, and that varied levels of automation may impact human SoA depending on the nature of the task. However, this topic is still in its infancy and more research is needed.