O entendimento sobre o comportamento do consumidor é essencial para compreender as necessidades e desejos das pessoas, bem como o comportamento da oferta e da demanda. Além disso, é importante saber de que forma o consumidor toma a decisão de compra, quais os fatores externos e internos que influenciam esta geração de imagem. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar o efeito de diferentes níveis de preço de um produto de vestuário, de marca conhecida e desconhecida sobre a intenção de compra, a percepção da qualidade percebida, o valor percebido, a justiça percebida e os aspectos simbólicos em um produto de vestuário. Dando sequência ao estudo, este foi realizado a partir de um método experimental com o desenho fatorial da ordem 3 (preço alto, preço baixo e sem informação de preço) x 2 (marca conhecida e marca desconhecida), compondo, assim, quatro grupos experimentais e dois grupos de controle. A amostra foi composta por 224 respondentes, que foram divididos em seis cenários, sendo dois deles grupos de controle. Quatro, das cinco hipóteses de pesquisa foram confirmadas, sendo que os achados indicam que os níveis de preço e conhecimento da marca refletem significativamente na dimensão valor percebido, sendo este significativamente maior para baixos níveis de preço, na justiça percebida, sendo significativamente maior para baixos níveis de preço de marcas desconhecidas e nos aspectos simbólicos, sendo significativamente maior para altos níveis de preço e marcas conhecidas, além disso, também exercem influência sobre a intenção de compra do consumidor. / Understanding consumer behavior is essential to understanding people's needs and desires, as well as the behavior of supply and demand. In addition, it is important to know how the consumer makes the purchase decision, what external and internal factors influence this generation of image. Thus, this research aims at analyzing the effect of different price levels of a garment product, from a known and unknown brand on the purchase intention, the perception of the perceived quality, the perceived value, the perceived fairness and the symbolic aspects in a clothing product. Following the study, this was done from an experimental method with the factorial design of order 3 (high price, low price and no price information) x 2 (known brand and unknown brand), thus composing four experimental groups and two control groups. The sample consisted of 224 respondents, who were divided into six scenarios, two of them being control groups. Four of the five research hypotheses were confirmed, with the findings indicating that the price levels and brand knowledge reflect significantly in the perceived value dimension, which is significantly higher for low price levels, in perceived fairness, being significantly higher for low price levels of unknown brands and in symbolism, being significantly higher for high price levels and well-known brands, in addition, also influence consumer's intention to buy.

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Past consumer research on mood has focused mainly on the impact of pre-processing mood on attitude formation, cognitive process, or behaviour. The present study, however, opens a new research direction by investigating the impact of ad characteristics on pre-processing mood. In particular, this research develops a model by combining the mood management and mood disruption mechanisms to answer the following interrelated research questions: (1) How does a consumer's mood interact with an ad's characteristics? (2) What is the effect of this interaction on subsequent mood and ad evaluation? (3) When will the above effect on ad evaluation be more likely to occur? Before the main experiment was conducted, a scale was developed to measure the mood potency of an ad -- a construct developed to capture the dimensions of an ad in eliciting affective responses. Following a systematic psychometric scale-development procedure, a reliable and valid scale with eighteen items was obtained. A 2x2x2 between-subject factorial design was conducted to test the model. The treatments included pre-processing mood pleasure, pre-processing mood arousal, and mood potency of an ad. The experiment involved exposing groups of subjects to one ad after listening to one piece of music, then comparing ad evaluations by music condition. The ad's mood potency was manipulated to elicit either a positive or negative feeling. Music was employed to vary pleasure and arousal prior to ad processing. Altogether two ads and four pieces of music were used. For the dependent measure considered (i.e., ad evaluation), findings were in accordance with a mood management interpretation. It was found that a positive mood potency ad was preferred to a negative mood potency ad either in a good or bad mood condition. Moreover, this effect was more pronounced when the arousal level was high. Regarding predictions on change in pleasure/arousal due to an exposure of an ad, only the change in pleasure yielded marginal support for the mood disruption mechanism. The findings of this study not only contribute to our understanding of research on advertising context and affective responses but also have important implications for managerial decisions on ad placing, design, and copy testing. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

As technology advances, the influence of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) surpasses the influence of traditional face-to-face WOM communication on consumers’ decision making. Since the hospitality and tourism products and services contain more interpersonal interaction that needs to be experienced by consumers, the influence of eWOM in the hospitality industry is more significant than in other industries. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among source credibility of eWOM, customers’ perceived risk, and their behavior intentions to use consumer generated media. The result provides evidence about the influence of eWOM on overall perceived risk and how consumers use eWOM to manage and reduce the potential risks when making their lodging decisions. Academically, it confirms the significance of eWOM influence and connects the gap in the previous literatures between source credibility of eWOM and perceived risk research. Practically, hoteliers can set their marketing strategies precisely aimed to consumers’ needs and are able to build good reputations through those online travel forums or hotel review sites.

Social exclusion has garnered much attention from researchers across the social sciences, especially among social psychologists. However, given the fact that social relationships and consumption are two of the central activities in daily life, there is surprisingly little research on the impact of social connection threats within the realm of consumer behavior. This study examines the effect of social exclusion on proenvironmental behavior and green consumption. More precisely, the objectives of this study are threefold. The first objective is to examine whether the findings in social psychology literature on how excluded individuals respond to exclusion when they are exposed to proenvironmental consumption behavior. The second objective of this research is to find the underlying mechanism and to rule out some of the possible explanations (e.g., mood) for this effect. The final objective of this study is to establish some of the boundary conditions (individual differences and situational factors) for the proposed effect. The hypotheses of this study were developed based on two main theoretical bases borrowed from social psychology literature: empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson 1991) and social reconnection hypothesis (Maner et al. 2007). Overall, it was proposed that while social exclusion decreases individuals’ inclination to engage in proenvironmental activities, socially excluded people are motivated to use green consumption behaviors to establish new social bonds with others. These propositions were tested and supported across four experiments. Across these experiments, the findings demonstrated that social exclusion causes people to express lower tendency to engage in proenvironmental behaviors. The findings also consistently suggest that mood does not explain why social rejection leads to negative environmental outcomes. Additionally, social exclusion appears to cause a temporary absence of empathic concern toward others, which leads to less green behavior with altruistic motivation. Further, the role of emotional empathy as a boundary condition was tested in this study and the findings indicate that experiencing social exclusion does not negatively impact proenvironmental behavior in highly empathetic individuals. Finally, this investigation showed that when a proenvironmental behavior is perceived as an opportunity to reconnect and positive social feedback is expected from peers, socially excluded participants favor products that signal to their peers that they too are concerned about environmental issues. In addition to its contributions to consumer research and marketing, this work provides several practical implications. For instance, as established in this study, green products by default are not perceived by excluded individuals as tools that facilitate social reconnection. However, when such products are positioned properly, such individuals tend to capitalize on the social acceptability of their behavior to help them fulfill their threatened need for affiliation. The implication here is that marketers should attempt to customize their promotional strategies accordingly and direct the consumer’s attention to this covert benefit of green products.

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I find that a bad reputation is not necessarily bad for business. I argue that a bad corporate reputation is less likely to hurt sales of tangible goods than intangible services, because assessing quality for the latter is inherently difficult and customers often rely on seller reputation to choose providers. I also argue that a necessary product is less likely to be adversely impacted than a discretionary one because in many cases the customers cannot avoid purchase of the product. I find that product necessity strongly affects consumer opinions and behavior. I argue that consumers “like” firms that offer products they want more than firms that offer products they need but that these opinions do not necessarily drive purchase behavior. I partition firms included in a well-established, corporate reputational survey into those that offer basic needs, perceived necessities and discretionary products. I find that consumers rate firms that offer discretionary products higher than firms that offer necessary products. Despite this tendency, firms that offer discretionary products and necessary products have similar profitability. Lastly, while consumers dislike price increases, they are more likely to repurchase basic needs than perceived necessities or discretionary products, arguably because they have no choice for the former. / Business Administration/Interdisciplinary

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