Religious congregations and social work have long been a neglected field of research. Although the number of studies have increased during the last twenty years. With a starting point in the situation in this field of research and in the current public debate in Sweden the focus of this study will be on how Christian and Muslim congregations view cooperating with the municipalities, organizations, the religious community to whom which the congregation belongs and how the congregations view cooperating with other religious communities. Qualitative method of research was used. Representatives of four religious congregations was interviewed; a deacon in a congregation in the Swedish Lutheran Church, a pastor in a congregation belonging to the Mission Covenent Church of Sweden, the chairman in a the board of a Muslim congregation and volunteerleader in another Muslim congregation. For analyzing the transcribed interviews the method of sentence – categorization was used and institutional theory, political opportunity structure and Bauböcks theory of integration was applied. The result showed the degree and form of cooperation varies between the congregations but all four congregations are overall positive towards cooperating with the municipality, organizations, the own religious community and other religious communities.

This research addresses the question under what conditions will rank and file legislators favor or oppose changes in a legislature’s internal rules of order. The study deviates from previous approaches to the study of legislatures in four primary ways: 1) the study moves from advanced democratized cases of the U.S. Congress and British House of Commons to cases of neo-democracies; 2) the study considers the interaction between the design of the electoral system and its impact on legislature organization; 3) in addition to chamber level factors, party and individual level factors are considered; and 4) the theory considers when legislators will rebel against attempts by party leadership to alter the internal rules of order. The central question focused on is what factors influence legislators’ willingness to speak out or vote against changes in the internal rules of order following a change in the electoral system design. The theory proposed that when it comes to changing the internal rules of order of a legislative chamber, the effective number of parties in the chamber, the effect of proposed changes in the rules of order on legislator behavior, party discipline, and the nature of legislator ambition affect the probability that change occurs. Experimental and statistical methodologies are used to test the hypotheses derived from the theory. Original data were collected from experiments conducted on undergraduate pupils at Texas A&M University. For the statistical analyses, a data set of proposed changes in the rules of order were compiled using archived data from the Colombian Senate and Peruvian Congress. This multi-method approach was used because of the nature of the question under examination and to minimize limitations of the individual methodologies. The experimental analyses demonstrate that the operations of the theory are supported in the controlled environment of the experiment. The results from the statistical analyses were, within the restrictions imposed by the data, consistent with both theoretical expectations and the experimental findings. The most consistent factor influencing change in the rules of order is the effect of the proposal followed by party discipline.

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In order to control the efficiency of then information system introduction , enterprise often orgainzed with a project team. Project team is organized with provisionally of variant manpower and business. In the information system introduction or project team evolution will face organizational learning and reengineering process. While in the organizational learning, member of organization always act defensively with Model I theories, and the defence behavior will bring negative influence or limited learning. While project team evolution have the same defence behavior, those defence behavior will bring bad influence of organziation. This research uses case study probe into the information system introduction and project team evolution defence behavior , let us understand those behavior and the influence of project team evolution. In this research, we describes the case of the information project introduction and project team evolution with five stages and ten events. and analysing those ten events with thoeries of the organization defends in the information management of Argyris. Its result show the member of project team, user , executive of managers all have behavior of defending in the introduction of project. Those defence behavior of the project team evolution or information system introduction, will all exert a negative influence on company's organizations or information systems. This research in order incident these defend behavior and influence result , let enterprise reference with a information project team evolution.

Abstract This study investigates the organization design and interactive marketing of the industry of system integration, using the fundamental organization management theory (organization design, organization reform, organization efficiency and organization study), knowledge management theory, marketing management theory, by utilizing individual case studies to discuss study types, through studying the encouragement system, organizational design, preservation of core competitiveness, marketing strategy of the staffs from the individual case companies, in order to verify the associated theories and actual operation conditions of the companies. The subject interviewed used to be the pioneer in the system integration business field, the corporate development record showed rise and fall, but was able to carry on business high peak through importing of new product with innovative designs. But while the organization expands, highly divided by business tier and separation of workload, the management felt the new organization design and organization management limited the overall development, the ability of the organization to respond became evidently sluggish to meet up with the fast pace ever changing market demand, and the expansion of the industry service category requirement. On top of that, due to the recent decline in market prosperity, this resulted in the decline of business net profit. The interviewees from the case study all have different background, helding various different positions in the business organization. The commonality among all the interviewees are that they all served a certain period of time in their current position, most of them even witnessed the stages of rise and fall of their company. I thank them for sharing of their valuable time and personal opinion that allows the result and discussion of this study to be of significant value. The result of this study showed the subject should adjust in the area of encouragement system, organization design, preservation of core competitiveness and marketing strategy, particularly in the area of 1. delegation of authority ¡B2. differentiation of competitive strategy ¡B3. organization trait is highly efficient but incapable of reaching the goal of innovation ¡B4. integration of organization study and marketing ¡B5. the scale of organization increase gradually while the business is stuck with the unnecessary and over elaborated formalities; the results found from the case study matches with the phenomenon found in the applied theories. Through the preliminary result of this study and the author¡¦s observation from the long term involvement, the cases have been identified as the total solution supplier of information equipments, skills and services, the management should particularly focus on the core fundamental nature of service and serve the clients. Organization design should focus on the preservation of core skills and experience, enhance system design in the area of delegation of authority and encourage innovation, in order to promote the overall competitiveness of the business. The application of relevant theories would be of significant consultation value to the business in this field.¡C

The strait separated until now, regarding the reunion each other should get rid of the thinking of civil war. For a long time the Strait have different opinion about preventing the criminal on the sea, China insist on taking the action under the One-China principle but Taiwan think this is nothing to do with political. Therefore two sides can not reach the agreement. The criminal on Taiwan Strait area is getting more and more serious. General speaking the criminal includes pirate, smuggling, stowaway and dispute on the sea. And these criminal already threaten the safety of Taiwan Strait, moreover this matter involved in political and military which make it more difficult to take care of and it also influent the criminal strike on the Strait. On March 18th , 1999, At National security meeting they suggested to set up a coast patrol institute to unify the coast matter to bring into the law enforcement on the Strait. So the Ministry of National Defense ,Aquatic Police,Customs under the conditional of not adding members to set up ¡uCoast Guard Administration website¡vin order to solve the problems of many bosses. The whole case was set up on Feb. 1st, 2000 as ¡uCoast Guard Administration website¡vwhich is responsible for coast patrol and enforcement. The standard of appointment, dispatch, assessment, payment, welfare, retirement and consolation is different which cause unequal pay for equal work. In order to let the emplacement work at ease and bring into the organization function. Besides to develop the professional and equity promotion system to let the person who has the ability and ambition get promote. And Coast Guard Administration website how to adjust their system to handle the Strait relations and future development which is worth to have further analyze. To catch up this economic wave and decrease the investment cost to China, the development of the Strait shipping will the change at the Strait area. To handle and protect the safety and order of the route is important to enhance their enforcement. Today we use the sample to compare with other countries similar organization and analyze the function and enforcement to observe the Strait situation and understand the disadvantage of future development Coast Guard Administration website.This study is for related organization reference.

If a company concentrates its attention into developing the structure and improving the performance, then it has owned partial characteristics of a learning organization basically. If the employees' perception of these characteristics increases their commitment to the organization, the managers will be confident in taking action leading to organizational revolution. In this research, the characteristics of an organization are treated as independent variables, organizational commitment as a dependent variable, personal characteristics as a control variable, while questionnaires are designed to gather data. 357 units of questionnaires (with 302 effective respondents) were distributed to the employees who work in two companies, which had good performances and have experienced organizational revolution in the past two years. To analyze the data collected from the two companies, various types of analysis were carried out including internal reliability analysis, Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA and regression. The research findings show that the perception of the characteristics of a learning organization by employees does affect the organizational commitment. This means that in the event of an organization stepping forward to becoming a learning organization, the characteristics of a learning organization will exist in working experience, organizational structure, organizational culture, and information management, and the characteristics will promote employees¡¦ value commitment, effort commitment, and retention commitment. As listed below, the relation between characteristics of a learning organization and organizational commitment is meaningful for the organization, managers and employees. 1. An enterprise is able to promote its competitive strength in human resource management by building a learning organization. 2. Apart from job position, payment, image of firm, and financial performance, characteristics of learning organization are also an important element that can engage the employees in the organization. 3. Building a learning organization to promote employees¡¦ organizational commitment is helpful in order to cut down the expenses in raising the efficacy of the employees. 4. Organizational commitment can be promoted through the characteristics of a learning organization. These are a cause for the identification of common aims among employees and the organization, but not a result from advantage exchange, and this commitment is based on a stable foundation. 5. It enables managers to practice organizational revolution with more confidence, and thus the constitution and competence of the organization will get improved. 6. Being a part of the characteristics of the learning organization, manager behavior is related to the employees¡¦ organizational commitment. If managers get used to introspecting, the relation between staffs and supervisors can improve, and management efficiency can be promoted. 7. For the supervisor who takes charge of the human resource management in a company, the task to build a learning organization has become an important strategy of human resource management. 8. A learning organization can result in high employee motivation. Innovation and learning are encouraged in a democratic and open environment, and most employees will become motivated in the process of organizational learning and revolution. Therefore, the managers can take action for revolution in the organization with great confidence.

This study hopes to discuss the relationship among the sense of humor, organization playfulness climate and job¡¦s satisfaction. It¡¦s taken 30 organizations in Taiwan and the effective volume was 1,213, the returns-ratio reached 95.21%. We will use HLM (hierarchical linear model) to analyze the data instead of the regression analysis in tradition. The major result of this study are as following¡G 1. Sense of humor has a significant effect on job¡¦s satisfaction. 2. Organization playfulness climate a significant effect on job¡¦s satisfaction. 3. Organization playfulness climate has no moderate effect on sense of humor and job¡¦s satisfaction.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Pretoria, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, David Yost. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.