This thesis aspires to assess the explanatory value of different theories of international cooperation for the case of the world trade regime of GATT/WTO and subsequently strives to reach a satisfactory interpretation of the instance of cooperation. The world trade regime embarked on a process of transformation with the signing of the Marrakech Agreements of 15th April 1994. The event marked the conclusion of the Uruguay Round and, with the establishment of the WTO, the beginning of a new era for the world trade regime. The thesis endeavours to establish the substance of the regime change from GATT to the WTO. It outlines the most significant provisions of the agreement of the Uruguay Round and, subsequently, analyses the change on the level of regime norms underlying the world trade regime. The analysis of regime norms yields insights about the essence of the regime transformation and as to what factors proved to be conducive to cooperation in the sphere of the world trade. The GATT/WTO regime with its extended scope and more sophisticated institutional structures can be regarded as a prime example of successful cooperation. However, the prospects for cooperation between states in an anarchic environment without central authority for enforcement are the subject of a remarkably intense scholarly debate. Therefore it is worthwhile to examine which theoretical framework proves to be most adept at elucidating the circumstances of this instance of cooperation. This thesis applies different theories of international cooperation to the case of the GATT/WTO regime. While a large array of rational theories attempts to explain cooperation from a perspective which focuses on interests and capabilities, a different strand of theories, that of cognitive approaches, emphasizes the paramountcy of ideas and beliefs as variables which explain cooperation. They endogenize the process of interest formation. This thesis seeks to synthesise the strong points of rational and cognitive approaches and thus to reconcile the divergent schools of thought. Its further purpose is to set out factors which are conducive to cooperation.

Resources are a key to innovative actions -not only, but also- in nonprofit organizations (NPOs). With the societal obligation of NPOs to create innovative and effective approaches in responding to a variety of concerns such as poverty, human rights, social services, environmental protection etc. this study examines the resource foundations that make NPOs innovative. NPOs are known to show a considerable degree of pioneer work and innovativeness in responding to societal concerns (Salamon et al., 2004). To have NPOs maintain their innovative behavior it is of the utmost interest to identify those requirements and needs that support their specific functions. Organizational slack is suggested to be a very influential factor in determining the innovative behavior of NPOs. Organizational slack are these resources in or available to the organization that are in excess of the minimum necessary to produce a given level of organizational output (Geiger & Cashen, 2002). Innovation is the outcome of a creative process involving different actors which results in a qualitatively new means-end combination that is new to the market or the firm (Gemünden & Salomo, 2004). The question whether or not organizational slack fosters innovation, has not been answered unambiguously so far, since researchers deliver convincing arguments for both standpoints. Against this backdrop, the study seeks to explain the relationship between organizational slack and innovation in nonprofit organizations. More precisely it is of interest to find out how these two concepts are related, positively, negatively, or inversely U-shaped. A sample of 250 randomly selected Austrian NPOs is the data basis for the investigation and was generated in cooperation with Statistik Austria. Through questionnaires the data for the study was collected. To test the proposed hypotheses the data is analyzed through inferential statistics.

Non-profit organizations are an integral part of the Czech economy and important partner for the government. In today's economic environment, NGOs face increasing competition not only from other similar institutions, but also from for-profit oriented companies. They are, therefore, forced to adopt entrepreneurial marketing techniques in order to succeed in the market. The aim of this Master Thesis is to analyze the non-governmental, non-profit organization INEX-SDA including its marketing strategies, to interpret the results based on marketing theory and to suggest possible improvements that could lead to better public awareness of the chosen organization.

In this master thesis work are described three sectors of Slovak economy and their institutions. The thesis aims especially at The theatre of Jonas Záborský, its history,financial and economic analysis of this theatre. This master thesis work includes research, which targets at the visit rate of this theatre. The purpose of this research was discover, how people who live in this city look at this theatre. The thesis includes possible solution how to raise visit rate, gains of theatre.

D.Ed. (Educational Management) / The basis for parental involvement in the educative teaching of children is the responsibility parents have for the education of their children. The education and teaching of the child in the context of the home and family unit provides the foundation for the child's future use of his intellect. social relationships as well as the development of his emotions. Parental education endeavours to encourage the child to acquire knowledge on his own. The desire to learn. as it manifests itself in the family unit and in specific contents. forms the basis for the child's teaching and learning at school. To meet ethic and educational demands of society parents are compelled to make use of specialised assistance to supplement and extend their educative endeavours as regards the teaching of their children. Schools were established to meet this demand for specialised teaching by professionally trained teachers. without taking over the educative duties of parents. Schools cannot replace parental responsibility and influence. Their accepted function supplements that of parents. Responsible parents will consequently be interested in the manner the responsible school carries out its accepted duties. This forms the key to the principle of parental involvement in all aspects of teaching practice. There has been a perceptible increase in parental involvement in White schools in the Republic of South Africa since 1982. A number of reasons can be listed for this phenomenon. The problem. however, is that the participation on behalf of the parents has not brought about the desired results. This study was undertaken to determine the reasons for this failure. The research programme was conducted along dual lines. Firstly an extensive study was made of the publications concerned with White parental involvement in the education of White children. Secondly an empirical investigation was done on the various aspects of parental involvement in the schools' educational programmes. Chairmen of management councils of Transvaal provincial schools were used as respondents.

This qualitative case study explores with 15 millennial educators, the factors that influenced their decision to stay and progress as leaders within the context of a high-attrition environment. The following assumptions held to be true: (1) the generation-specific retention needs of Millennials are applicable to educators across generations.; (2) high-quality professional development is a key factor in retaining teachers; (3) to provide high-quality support for teachers, schools must carefully craft an effective holding environment that is differentiated developmentally. The site for the study was a high-poverty urban charter network in the Northeastern United States that struggled to retain teachers. The primary sources of data were interviews with 15 millennial teacher leaders, a focus group of five principals, and a document analysis. The findings were analyzed through the four lenses presented in the conceptual framework: motivation for staying, how they learn, what they learn, and reactions to the pandemic. Each of these lenses directly aligned to the study’s four research questions. The analysis served to code the disaggregated data per these four lenses and the synthesis served to reveal teacher perceptions falling into three categories that were then used to further interpret the analysis. The major findings were: (1) A strong majority of participants indicated they were motivated to stay in a high attrition environment because they liked their colleagues; while an equal number cited the positive school culture as a contributing factor to their retention. (2) A slight majority of participants indicated that the Covid-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to be innovative. (3) A majority of participants indicated a desire to develop their capacity for learning and leading. (4) A strong majority of participants described they learned largely in informal ways by dialoguing with others and through observation. The principal recommendation from this study is that in order to retain teachers in a high attrition environment, there must be a positive school culture. Schools that want to retain employees need to 1) provide learning opportunities and support the development of leadership skills and 2) support and provide the resources for informal adult learning to maintain this culture.

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts in the Department of Social Work University of Zululand, South Africa, 1977. / The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the approach to the practice of community work in a newly developing rural community. The Valley Trust, a social welfare organisation engaged in a health promotion scheme in a rural community is used for the purpose of the analysis and*evaluation. The study report consists of nine chapters which will be briefly discussed as follows : Chapter 1 : This is an introductory chapter which deals with the following aspects, viz.: motivation; objectives; method; and limitations of the study together with the method of presentation of the report. Chapter Z : In this chapter the community concept is discussed. Attention is paid to the analysis of the community concept, the rural community, and the characteristics of the rural community. Chapter 3 : Chapter 3 gives a detailed discussion of the key terms that are used in community work. These are : community organisation, community development and community work. Chapter 4 : This chapter deals with social work and its role in the newly developing communities. Particular aspects to which attention has been given are : the nature of social work; the focus and the contribution of social work activities in the newly developing communities; the role of the social worker; and the equipment of a social worker for rural community work in the newly developing communities. Chapter 5 : Chapter 5 gives attention to aspects of particular importance to social change. These aspects are : the prerequisites for building a community work programme; the.factors associated with the social needs and problems among the newly developing communities; planned social change and the role of the agent of change; and certain principles and factors to be taken into account by an agency involved in community work. Chapter 6 : In this chapter attention is given to an analysis of the community of' the Nyuswa Reserve. In this analysis points of particular importance are : the description of the Nyuswa Reserve and its inhabitants; the economic aspects of the people; the labour aspects; the educational aspects; social welfare services; communication means; and the tribal council as a unit of local authority. Chapter 7 : Chapter 7 deals with The Valley Trust, the social welfare agency involved in community work. Attention is given to the historical survey and the objectives of The Valley Trust. Further discussion covers the membership of the Association; the Management and administration of The Valley Trust; personnel and finances. Chapter 8 : This chapter gives attention to community work as practised by The Valley Trust. The discussion also covers the nature and range of services provided by The Valley Trust; the influence of the work of The Valley Trust; the evaluative remarks on the services of The Valley Trust. Chapter 9 : Chapter 9 deals with conclusions, recommendations and guidelines for the future. / University of Zululand

No description available.

In today’s economic environment, it is advantageous for technology organizations to be cognizant of prevalent influences on success and failure and to incorporate this knowledge into their business and innovation strategies. Technology organizations were defined within this research as those in the business of created competence which is expressed in terms of entities consisting of devices, procedures, and acquired human skills (Clarke, 2005). Although, no organization contains the ideal mix of culture and ideological emphases, some have amassed impressive track records of great success. A literature review was used to identify factors relevant within similar contexts such as influences on creativity, innovation, Research and Development (R&D), etcetera. The salient factors identified within the literature review were hypothesized as being very important to great success within technology organizations. A conceptual model was created that visually illustrated the interactions of those factors and their influence on technology organization success which was defined as average annual revenue growth and direct new job creation. An internet questionnaire was utilized to test the hypotheses among 15 very successful technology organizations according to their respective Chief Technology Officers (CTOs) or equivalents. These companies were randomly chosen from a population of the technology organizations included in Inc. Magazine’s Inc. 5000, a list of the 5000 fastest growing companies in America. The questionnaire primarily consisted of Likert questions designed to test the hypotheses. The dependent variable in the statistical analyses, technology organization success, iv was ranked according to average annual revenue growth and direct new job creation relative to the other organizations within the sample set. The top category in typical questionnaire Likert questions included the adjective “very” that was interpreted to imply that the particular factor was exactly or precisely essential to affect that level of success, this in the collective opinion of the CTOs. Not meeting the threshold of exactly or precisely was interpreted that the factor may not be essential to that level of success. Rejection of the respective null hypotheses and subsequent acceptance of the alternative hypotheses were interpreted as evidence that particular factors were essential to great levels of technology organization success. And, the conceptual model was updated accordingly. Acceptance of null hypotheses demonstrated that the factors may not be essential; therefore, they were excluded from further discussion and the model. Seventeen key factors and/or categories were identified according to the Chief Technology Officers within the population of very successful technology organizations as having substantial influence on the success of those organizations. Recommendations were made to technology organizations aspiring towards prolific levels of success. As a check, three open-ended questions were included and used to verify that no consensus crucial elements were omitted within the Likert question section of the questionnaire. There were no consensus factors identified within those open-ended questions.

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