No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

One hundred and thirteen subjects participated in a study designed to assess the influence of sex role and confidant utilization on adolescent sexual experience, particularly pregnancy. The subjects were from the community college population, with a mean age of 19 years. Subjects were administered a questionnaire to determine their level of sexual experience (i.e., virgin, sexually active and using contraceptives, sexually active and not using contraceptives, or pregnancy experienced), and to assess their tendency to confide in others about sex and birth control. Subjects were also asked to complete the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), which determined their sex role identification (i.e., feminine, masculine, androgynous, or undifferentiated). The results suggested a positive relationship between the use of contraceptives and a greater tendency to confide. Subjects who had experienced a pregnancy also exhibited a high level of confiding, which was interpreted as a result of exposure to helping professionals. No significant results were obtained to confirm a relationship between sex role identification and adolescent pregnancy, although androgyny appeared to be positively associated with sexual activity and contraception.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 N37 / Master of Science

No description available.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Social Work and Social Administration / Master / Master of Philosophy

This study examines the psychological, social and environmental predictors of sexually aggressive and assaultive behaviors reported by a sample of 466 males at one institution. Emphasis was placed on determining the impact of Greek affiliation and place of residence on self-reported aggressive and assaultive behaviors. A questionnaire was administered which incorporated demographic and background characteristics, environmental characteristics and attitudes towards women and relationships. Analysis of variance was used to determine statistically significant differences among five residential groupings on selected variables. A series of interlocking multiple regression analyses was then performed to determine the predictive influence of factors explored in this study. Results indicate that "peer harassment," including verbal aggression and unwanted touching, was reported by the total sample with great frequency. More severe behaviors were reported with less frequency, however, slightly more than 5% of the men in the total sample reported committing at least one act which met the legal criteria for sexual assault in the academic year preceding the study. Although statistically significant differences among residential groups emerged, attitudes and living environment characteristics found predictive of sexually aggressive and assaultive behaviors were found in all living environments. "Worst" behavior reported was predicted best by rape myth acceptance followed by environmental and background characteristics including the number of sexual partners one had, sexual speculation about women, alcohol consumption and perceived level of impact one had on their environment. Institutions are encouraged to examine the level of sexual violence against women on campuses and marshal the efforts of student personnel administrators as well as faculty in an effort to reduce the prevalence of such behavior.

A growing body of behavioural data is beginning to show that, like their male counterparts, female chimpanzees can be competitive and aggressive, particularly when resources come under pressure. These observations are especially surprising because, for a long time, females were simply considered passive pawns of male social manoeuvrings. While we are beginning to understand the complexities surrounding female chimpanzee group living, exactly how females manage these social pressures is unclear. In this thesis I address this by focusing on female competition in wild chimpanzees and the importance of vocal counter-strategies. I examined two commonly produced female vocalisations: copulation calls and victim screams from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Budongo Forest, Uganda. My results regarding the production and acoustic structure of copulation calls suggests that these vocalisations play a crucial role in the lives of female chimpanzees, dissipating the risks associated with female competition. During aggression, chimpanzee females commonly produce victim screams and these calls have been shown to vary systematically with the severity of aggression experienced. A playback experiment showed that victim screams are meaningful to females and that listeners do not just respond to the acoustically most salient signals in their environment. Females may use this information to keep track of out-of-sight agonistic interactions and make appropriate social decisions regarding whether to avoid an ensuing attack. Taken together, I propose that vocalisations may represent important behavioural counter-strategies, enabling females to navigate successfully through their socially intricate world.

No description available.