Li Jing. / "June 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-71). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Zhou Yong. / "July 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-112). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Much theoretical and experimental work has focused on chain dynamics in semidilute polymer solutions for over three decades. The fast relaxation mode (namely, the cooperative diffusion of chain segments between two neighboring entanglement points, i.e., the "blobs") has been well understood. But for the slow mode that observed from time to time, its earlier attribution to the "reptation" is clearly wrong. There are a school of people in the world who thought that it was due to some experimental artifacts. However, there are also many experimentalists who believe that it is real and try to explain it in different ways. Up to now, the questions about whether this observed slow mode is real and its nature are still remained as a challenging problem. In this study, dynamics of liner polystyrene semidilute solution in both toluene and cyclohexane was comparatively studied by laser light scattering. In toluene, a thermodynamically good solvent, four different narrowly distributed polystyrene standards over a wide molar mass range (1.15 x 105 - 6.85 x 106 g/mol) were studied. The highest concentration (C) studied was ∼21 times of the overlap concentration (C*) at which polymer chains start to "touch" each other. As expected, only one fast diffusive relaxation was observed, attributing to the blob diffusion The static and dynamic correlation lengths (xiD and xiS) are also expectedly scaled to the concentration as xiS or xiD ∼ C -0.72 +/- 0.02. In cyclohexane, a poor or marginal solvent, depending on the solution temperature, an additional slow relaxation mode repeatly appeared. In the range 32-50°C, the polystyrene chains extend as the temperature increases because cyclohexane becomes a better solvent. In this way, C* decreases. Therefore, we can use the solution temperature to switch such a polystyrene solution from dilute to semidilute for a given polymer concentration. By comparing the intensity contribution and characteristic decay time of the slow mode, we found that the temperature has a much stronger effects on the slow mode. Our results indicate that the fast and slow modes are coupled and the slow mode is due to relaxation of segments around the entanglement point, that is, the knots. These interacted segments fluctuation corresponds to some density with a correlation length longer than that of individual blobs. / On the way, we also studied the random copolymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide - co- x 2'-methacryloylaminoethylene-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoamide) poly(NIPAM-co-xMACA) in dilute solutions. MACA is a methacrylamide derivative of bioactive cholic acid. The copolymers were made by free-radical polymerization and "x" represents the composition of MACA (1.0, 2.9 and 4.8 mol%). Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is a thermally sensitive polymer, namely, it is soluble in water with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST ∼32°C). Due to incorporation of different amounts of hydrophobic MACA, the LCST of the copolymer is shifted to different lower values. At temperatures higher than the LCST, the copolymer chains undergo intrachain contraction or/and interchain association, depending on the polymer concentration and chain structure. Our laser lightscattering study of such chain contraction and association reveal an unexpected result; namely, the formation of stable aggregates of these hydrophobically modified copolymer chains is stronger easier than PNIPAM homopolymer chains under the same conditions. Our finding that that insertion of more hydrophobic comonomers into a hydrophilic chain backbone surprisingly led to the formation of smaller aggregates in water is apparently contradict to our conventional wisdom. A higher content of hydrophobic MACA or a quick heating of the solution can make the intrachain contraction so dominant that each resultant aggregate on average only contains a few collapsed chains with a lower chain density. We successfully attributed the stabilization to the viscoelastic effect, namely, hydrophobic association inside each aggregate increases the chain relaxation time (taue). When taue becomes much longer than the interaction time (tau c) of two colliding aggregates, each aggregate behaves like a tiny non-adhesive "glassy" ball. This stabilization mechanism is completely different from our conventional thermodynamic consideration in which we normally try to make the particle surface hydrophilic to reduce tauc. We also observed that in the cooling process, the collapsed chains inside the aggregates swell first before they can detachment and dissolve in the solution. The hydrophobic association induced in the collapsed solute at higher temperatures cannot be completely removed even at a temperature as low as 10°C. The dilution of the copolymer solution can completely suppress interchain association so that individual chains can undergo an intrachain coil-to-globule transition. The association of a limited number of heteropolymer chains in dilute solutions to form a stable/metastable mesoglobular phase between single-chain globules and macroscopic precipitates resembles the association of some protein chains. / We further comparatively studied the chain dynamics of a pair of diblock poly(styrene-b-butadiene) (PS210-b-PB 960) and triblock poly(styrene-b-butadiene- b-styrene) (PS200-b-PB1815- b-PS200) copolymers in both dilute and semidilute toluene solutions. As expected, the mutual diffusion of individual chain in dilute solutions became a fast cooperative diffusion of the "blobs" for both the copolymers in semidilute solutions. Further increase of the polymer concentration also lead to an additional slow relaxation mode. For the triblock chains, there existed an extra middle relaxation mode between the fast and the slow modes. The concentration dependence of the average characteristic decay time of the fast mode (⟨tauf⟩) follows a scaling of 1/⟨tau f⟩ ∼ C-alpha with 0.33 < alpha < 0.44, much smaller than 0.75 (predicted) or 0.72 (observed) for linear homopolymer chains in a thermodynamically good solvent. Note that toluene is a less good solvent for PB block. Such a difference in solubility leads us to speculate that the PB and PS blocks are transiently segregated in semidilute solutions. The relaxation of these transient PB and PS richer domains might lead to the observed slow mode. Our speculation is supported by the appearance and disappearance of the slow relaxation mode in a polyisoprene-b-polystyrene- b-polyisoprene semidilute solution in cyclohexane, a selective solvent for PS block at lower temperatures because the solubility of PS decreases as the solution temperature. / Li Wei. / "September 2006." / Adviser: Chi Wu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: B, page: 1664. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

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Finally, we prove a blow up criterion for the full compressible Navier-Stokes equations just in terms of the gradient of the velocity. / In this thesis, the author study the blowup of solutions for strong and classical solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. In the first part, we prove a blow up criterion for strong solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations, similar to the Beal-Kato-Majda criterion for the ideal incompressible flows. / The same criterion for classical solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations is established in the second part of this thesis. In addition, initial vacuum is allowed in both cases. / Huang, Xiangdi. / Adviser: Zhouping Xin. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-09(E), Section: B. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-96). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

My thesis work started in the summer of 2005 as a three way joint project by Professor Castro and Mr. John Kwon and myself. A paper from this joint project was written and the content now forms my thesis.

Congestion and oversaturated roads pose significant problems and create delays in every major city in the world. Before this problem can be addressed, we must know how much traffic is flowing over the links in the network. We transform a road network into a directed graph with a network flow function, and ask the question, “What subset of vertices (intersections) should be monitored such that knowledge of the flow passing through these vertices is sufficient to calculate the flow everywhere in the graph?” To minimize the cost of placing sensors, we seek the smallest number of monitored vertices. This is known as the Sensor Location Problem (SLP). We explore conditions under which a set of monitored vertices produces a unique solution to the problem and disprove a previous result published on the problem. Finally, we explore a matrix formulation of the problem and present cases when the flow can or cannot be calculated on the graph.

We prove two results; first, we show that a boundary value problem for the semilinear wave equation with smooth, asymptotically linear nonlinearity and sinusoidal smooth forcing along a characteristic cannot have a continuous solution. Thereafter, we show that if the sinusoidal forcing is not isolated to a characteristic of the wave equation, then the problem has a continuous solution.

Silica is detrimental to the recovery of zinc from zinc bearing siliceous materials. The difficulties involved in the hydrometallurgical processing of silica are well documented, the major problem being the formation of gels. These are extremely difficult to separate from solution, creating serious problems. This work investigates the mechanism of the formation of granular silica precipitates and how this differs from the mechanism of formation of the gels.Batch precipitation studies of silica from sulfuric acid solutions have revealed valuable information about the processes occurring. A solution of monosilicic acid (Si(OH)4(subscript)) was produced by leaching synthetic zinc orthosilicate (Zn2SiO4) in sulfuric acid. Precipitation was monitored by measuring the turbidity and silica concentration in solution at regular intervals. Electron microscopy was used to examine the precipitate morphology. Variables known to influence silica precipitation are supersaturation, temperature, seeding and the concentrations of sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids and zinc, iron (III) and aluminium sulfates. These were investigated by comparing their effects on precipitation with those of a control experiment. The evaluation criteria used were induction time, precipitation rate, precipitation time, product morphology and filterability. The results of this work define conditions that yield a granular silica precipitate in preference to a gel, low supersaturation being the most important condition. The product morphology is insensitive to precipitation rate over the range of conditions studied.A laboratory scale continuous crystalliser was designed and constructed and used to carry out a series of experiments to determine the operating conditions for suitable processing of natural zinc orthosilicate ore to remove the silica impurity in an easily separable form. The variables examined were ++ / supersaturation as well as mixing and product removal conditions. The relationship between supersaturation and morphology discovered during the batch experiments was confirmed to also occur when employing a continuous basis. This finding has not been previously reported in the literature. The use of classified stirring and classified product removal led to the formation of the highest quality silica product with a reasonable residence time. The most important quality criterion being the filtration rate.Insight into the mechanism of silica precipitation has been gained by analysing information from both batch and continuous experiments. Under the strongly acidic conditions studied, colloidal silica particles are initially formed. At low supersaturation (S </= 2.9) the colloidal particles aggregate and cement together to form solid particles, while at higher supersaturation (S>/= 4.3) the colloidal particles aggregate to form a gel.

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