Thesis--University of California, Berkeley, 1959. / "Physics and Mathematics" -t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-51).

Thesis--University of California, Berkeley, 1959. / "Chemistry-General" -t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-79).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 1959. / "Physics and Mathematics"-t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).

Thesis (M.S. in Physics)--United States Naval Postgraduate School, 1959. / "Physics and Mathematics" -t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 22).

Utfört examensarbete undersöker vinkelfelet i mätkretsen för riktade jordfelsskydd och hur det påverkar dess felbortkoppling. Uppkomna vinkelfel i mätkretsen kan påverka det riktade jordfelsskyddet så att verklig felström och uppmätt felström inte stämmer överens, vilket kan leda till uteblivna eller obefogade felbortkopplingar. Vattenfall ställer krav på att vinkelfelet får uppgå till max ±2 grader för mätkretsen. Eftersom vinkelfelet i många fall har en hög påverkan på jordfelsskyddets noggrannhet undersöks vad Vattenfalls vinkelkrav egentligen innebär. Största orsaken till vinkelfelet uppstår oftast i strömtransformatorn och därför undersöks hur mycket två strömtransformatorer med olika klassificeringar som är vanliga i elnätet påverkar vinkelfelet i mätkretsen. Jordfel är det vanligast uppkomna felet i mellanspänningsnät och dess storlek beror till stor del på hur mycket kapacitivt bidrag som finns på linjerna samt värdet på nollpunktsresistorn. Det kapacitiva bidraget från linjen kompenseras centralt i fördelningsstationen och ibland lokalt ute på ledningen. Den högst tillåtna centralt kompenserade delen av en linje får vara 30 A, vid reservdrift av en linje kan denna del uppgå till 60 A. Vinkelfelet har en högre påverkan vid stora kapacitiva bidrag och vid låga värden på nollpunktsresistorn. I många fall sitter det flera riktade jordfelsskydd på samma linje där selektivitet alltid eftersträvas. Vinkelfelet kan ha en negativ påverkan på denna selektivitet. Genom beräkningar, simuleringar och provningar har ett antal slutsatser dragits. Vattenfalls vinkelkrav ger en otydlig bild angående tillåten påverkan på jordfelsskyddet. Med rätt val av strömtransformator påvisas att det troligtvis är möjligt att skärpa vinkelkravet. För att minska vinkelfelets påverkan kan den högst tillåtna centralt kompenserade delen minskas och/eller öka värdet på nollpunktsresistorn. En beloppsselektivitet på 1000 Ω kan inte alltid tillämpas då vissa fall kräver en beloppsselektivitet på 2000 Ω. Genom att sätta nollpunktsspänningen som utlösningsvillkor och nollpunktsströmmen som frigivningsvillkor kan enligt studien troligen ett noggrannare jordfelsskydd uppnås. / This bachelor's thesis examines the angular error in the measurement circuit for directional earth-fault protection and how this error affects the fault disconnection. Angular errors in the measurement circuit can affect the directional earth-fault protection in such a way that the real fault current and the measured fault current do not match. This can lead to missed or unwarranted fault disconnections. Vattenfall has a requirement which states that the angular error must not exceed ±2 degrees for the measurement circuit. Since the angular error in many cases has a high impact on the earth-fault accuracy, an investigation concerning what Vattenfalls angle requirement really means. The main cause of the angular error usually occurs in the current transformers and therefore two commonly used current transformers in the grid with different classifications and their impact on the angular error in the measurement circuit are examined. Ground fault is the most common fault which occurs in a distribution network, its size depends largely on the amount of capacitive current which the grid contributes with as well as the size of the neutral grounding resistor. The capacitive contribution of the grid compensates centrally in the distribution station and sometimes locally on the line. The maximum permitted centrally compensated part of a line is limited to 30 A, this central part can go up to 60 A in case the line needs to be fed from a second distribution station. The angular error has a higher impact if the capacitive contribution is high and for low values of the neutral grounding resistor. In many cases more than one earth-fault protection are found on the same line, in these cases selectivity is always pursued. The angular error may have a negative effect on the selectivity. By calculations, simulations and tests a number of conclusions can be drawn. Vattenfalls angle requirement gives an unclear picture concerning the permitted impact on the earthfault protection. Moreover selecting the correct current transformer demonstrates that the angular requirement can probably be sharpened. To reduce the influence of the angular error the maximum permitted centrally compensated part be reduced and/or the value of the neutral grounding resistor can be increased. A selectivity of 1000 Ω can not always be applied since certain cases require a selectivity of 2000 Ω. By setting the zero sequence voltage as the trigger condition and the zero sequence current as the realese condition, according to this study it may be possible to achieve a more accurate earth-fault protection.

Resumo: A utilização do alumínio em escala industrial vem crescendo cada vez mais nos últimos anos e um dos principais motivos é o espaço que esse material vem conquistando em substituição ao aço. O interesse da indústria em ter um maior controle das distorções provocadas pela soldagem de alumínio se deve ao fato das tolerâncias dimensionais e geométricas estarem cada vez mais precisas nas especificações de projeto, motivando a engenharia de fabricação a desenvolver processos estáveis e que garantam a rotina de produção. O elevado coeficiente de expansão linear desse metal, se comparado ao aço, é uma das suas principais características que geram dificuldades nesse cenário. Visando isso, o presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar o quanto situações rotineiras utilizadas na soldagem robotizada de alumínio podem influenciar nas distorções angulares deste material, sem comprometer a integridade mecânica da junta soldada e com confiabilidade estatística. Utilizando a liga AA 5052 H34, e a soldagem robotizada no processo GMAW pulsado, foram aplicados três tipos de tecimento ao longo do comprimento da solda, em juntas de topo montadas sem chanfro e com chanfro de 60º, dispostas tanto transversais quanto longitudinais ao sentido de conformação da chapa. A medição das distorções foi realizada por um braço tridimensional, antes e após a soldagem, em três regiões distintas nos corpos de prova. O perfil do cordão de solda foi o fator determinante para as diferentes formas das distorções encontradas, assim como revelado pelas análises macrográficas. A junta com chanfro de 60º apresentou maiores amplitudes das distorções que a junta sem chanfro. O tecimento não foi uma variável de influência estatística significativa nessas amplitudes. Ensaios de tração foram realizados para se avaliar o comportamento mecânico das juntas soldadas / Abstract: The use of aluminum by industry has been recently growing more and more each time and one of the main reasons is the position that this material is gaining as a replacement for steel. The industry's interest in having a greater control of the distorcions caused by aluminum welding is due to the geometric and dimensional tolerances been more and more precise in the project specifications, motivating the manufacturing engineering to develop stable processes and to ensure routine production. The high coefficient of linear expansion of this metal, which is one of its main features, can create a difficult scenario when compared to the steel. Aiming at it, the main goal of this present work is to analyze how much routine situations used int the robotic aluminum welding can influence in the angular distortions of this material, without affecting the mechanical integrity of the welded joint and with statistical reliability. Using the alloy AA 5052 H34, and the robotic welding in pulsed GMAW process, it was applied three types of weaving throughout the length of the weld, in butt joints assembled without groove and with 60º single-V-groove, arranged transversely as well as longitudinally to the rolling direction of the plate. The measurement of the distortions was made by a three-dimensional equipment, before and after the welding, in three distinct regions in the speciments. The profile of the weld bead was the main factor for the different types of distortions found, as revealed by macrographical analysis. The 60º single-V-groove had higher amplitudes of distortions as the joint without groove. The weaving wasn't a variable of statistically significant influence in this amplitudes. Tensile tests were made to evaluate the mechanical properties of the welded joints / Orientador: Yukio Kobayashi / Coorientador: Gilberto de Magalhães Bento Gonçalves / Banca: Américo Scotti / Banca: Luiz Eduardo de Angelo Sanchez / Mestre

Ingeniero Civil Electricista / Esta memoria tiene como objetivo diseñar e implementar algoritmos de visión computacional, en diferentes etapas del sistema de visión de un robot que juega fútbol robótico. Dado que por lo general un robot tiene una capacidad de procesamiento limitada, el principal objetivo de esta memoria es mejorar la eficiencia del sistema completo, sin afectar su rendimiento. Las mejoras propuestas consisten básicamente en tres etapas: adaptación del sistema de visión al uso de un lente gran angular, implementación de un perceptor visual del arco de fútbol basado en un clasificador construido a partir de una red neuronal y el diseño de un sistema de procesamiento de imágenes multi-resolución. Para adaptar el sistema de visión al uso de un lente gran angular se utiliza un mapeo desde el espacio de la imagen con gran angular a un espacio que asume proyección plana en la imagen, basado en una transformación polinomial. Los parámetros de este mapeo corresponden a los coeficientes del polinomio de transformación y son determinados a partir de un algoritmo de optimización PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization), que utiliza como función objetivo una medida de distorsión de la imagen mapeada. Para el perceptor del arco se utilizan en una primera etapa una serie de reglas binarias para descartar rápidamente percepciones erróneas. Posteriormente se extraen características de los candidatos que se utilizan como entrada a un clasificador basado en una red neuronal del tipo MLP (Multi Layer Perceptron). Así los candidatos reciben un puntaje de acuerdo a sus características y se escoge el mejor. En el sistema de procesamiento multi-resolución se toma en cuenta el hecho que los objetos más lejanos, y que por lo tanto se ven más pequeños en la imagen, se encuentran cerca del horizonte. A partir de esta premisa se realiza un procesamiento más fino de la imagen en sectores cercanos al horizonte. Dada la naturaleza del trabajo se utilizan distintas herramientas para medir el desempeño de cada parte. Para el caso del mapeo de la imagen se utiliza el error máximo de alineamiento en la imagen resultante de puntos co-lineales en el mundo real, medido a través de la norma de los residuos arrojados por un ajuste de mínimos cuadrados, obteniéndose un error de ajuste máximo de 1,02. Mientras que para medir el rendimiento del perceptor basado en un clasificador se miden: tasa de detecciones correctas y tasa de falsos positivos, encontrándose un 96,5 y 1,5 [%] respectivamente. Finalmente el resultado del algoritmo multi-resolución se evalúa a través del cálculo del máximo número de pixeles recorridos al procesar una imagen, con lo cual se determina que se analizan en el peor de los casos, menos de un tercio de los pixeles que usando el sistema anterior. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los métodos propuestos tienen un buen desempeño. En cada etapa se aprecia la ventaja de su uso, por lo que se considera el trabajo realizado como una mejora integral al sistema de visión del equipo de fútbol robótico. No obstante, no deja de ser interesante buscar mejores aproximaciones a cada problema y al sistema completo.

This paper presents an algorithm with the purpose of automatically dividing a simple floor plan into sections. Sections include names, size and location on the image, all of which will be automatically extracted by the algorithm as a step of converting a simple image into an interactive map. The labels for each section utilizes tesseract-OCR wrapper tesseractJS to extract text and label location. In regards to section borders pixel traversing is employed coupled with CIE76 for color comparison which results in the discovery of size and location of the section. Performance of the algorithm was measured on three different maps using metrics such as correctness, quality, completeness, jaccard index and name accuracy. The metrics showed the potential of such an algorithm in terms of automating the task of sectioning an image. With results ranging between lowest percentage of 48% and highest of 100% on three different maps looking at correctness, quality, completeness, average jaccard index and average name accuracy per map.

The fragmentation of a 133 pps beam of 14Be ions at 35 MeV/A on targets of carbon and lead has been used to study the structure of the unbound nucleus 13Be. Neutrons and 12Be reaction products were measured in the DeMoN array and a detector telescope placed at 0° respectively. These coincidence measurements were used to reconstruct the 13Be particles. The beam energy was measured on a particle by particle basis from the time of flight. This was essential for momentum measurements which were made in the reference frame of the projectile. A significant contribution to the experimental background came from reactions in the detector telescope, which had to be subtracted. Relative velocity (arithmetic velocity difference) and invariant mass analyses both signify the existance of significant strength close to the 12Be + n threshold. Simulations including an experimental filter clearly show that this includes strength that is localised below 500 ke V in relative energy. Momentum distributions for 12Be, 10Be, neutrons and the reconstructed 13Be particle in the longitudinal direction have been measured. The 13Be distribution displays evidence for a two component structure. Calculations of the neutron stripping from 14Be have shown that this structure requires s-wave stripping to explain the narrow component. The wider component is consistent with d- wave stripping, and additional contributions from p-wave stripping cannot be excluded. The angular distribution of neutrons from 12Be + n breakup, measured in the 13Be reference frame is essentially isotropic. There is evidence for a weak asymmetry which could be due to broad over-lapping states of both positive and negative parity at energies below 2 MeV. This would support the inclusion of a P½ resonance in the low-lying structure of 13Be.

The thesis deals with module extension in currently developing project called Time Project 5. Specifically, the Phases, Notification and External Interface module. The thesis is divided into four major chapters. The first chapter introduces theoretical background consisting of backend and frontend technology description. The second chapter serves as determination of customer's expectations in form of functional and nonfunctional requirements gathering. The major focus of the third chapter is on application architecture design of both server and client side together with subcomponents design. Additionally, this chapter is complemented by the data model and Time Project 5 application design. The last, and at the same time, major chapter reveals the actual implementation of mentioned subcomponents including further necessary support features.