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An investigation into human serum carnosinaseWhite, Colleen A. January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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Concentration of anserine and carnosine in surimi wash water and their antioxidant activityKaur, Jasvinder 07 July 1999 (has links)
Anserine and carnosine are water-soluble dipeptides that have antioxidant
properties and are found in the skeletal muscle of mammals and fishes. These
dipeptides are removed through the washing process in surimi production. The
objective of this research was to determine the concentration of anserine and
carnosine in surimi wash water (SWW) at all stages of surimi processing, and
undertake preliminary methods to remove and concentrate the two dipeptides and
study the effect of surimi wash water extract on color. Wash water samples were
collected from a local surimi plant. The samples were treated by the following
methods: centrifugaion, heat-treatment at 60, 80 and 100°C and filtration using
different ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. The concentrations of the protein and
the two dipeptides were analyzed using Lowry and high performance liquid
chromatography with a fluorescent detector, respectively. Iron content was
determined in SWW samples using atomic absorption spectrometry and
colorimetry. Effect of SWW extract and other antioxidants on the color of fresh-farmed salmon were studied using color parameters-hue angle, chroma and
lightness. Results showed that there was a trend: content of protein and dipeptides
(anserine and carnosine) in SWW (raw) was higher in the first two stages of
surimi processing. In the second set of experiment, where different heat
treatments were used, it was found that the proteins and dipeptides showed similar
trends. Additionally, 80°C followed by 100°C treatment were effective in
removal of proteins and recovery of dipeptides. Among UF treatments, 1K
molecular weight cut-off membrane was the most effective in recovery of
dipeptides. Iron was less than 1 ppm in all SWW samples. Color measurement of
fresh farmed salmon patties revealed that treatments of SWW extract (1%) in
addition to other food antioxidants such as butylated hydroxy toluene and
camosine (1%), mamtained salmon color until day 5. Therefore, SWW extract
at lower concentrations may have an economical and potential use as a food
antioxidant. / Graduation date: 2000
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Estudo de Borrelia spp. no Brasil / Study of Borrelia spp. in BrazilAtaliba, Alexandre Camargo 21 September 2006 (has links)
A doença de Lyme é uma doença causada pelas bactérias do complexo Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato que são transmitidas por carrapatos do complexo Ixodes ricinus. A distribuição geográfica dessas bactérias é confirmada no Hemisfério Norte (America do Norte, Europa e Ásia). Suspeita-se que uma enfermidade, compatível com doença de Lyme no Brasil, esteja provavelmente relacionada a uma espécie de Borrelia diferente das espécies causadoras de doença de Lyme no hemisfério Norte e que o vetor sejam carrapatos do gênero Amblyomma. Por estas razões, a doença brasileira passou a ser chamada de Doença de Lyme-Símile (DLS). A borreliose aviária é causada pela Borrelia anserina, que apresenta distribuição cosmopolita. É transmitida por carrapatos argasideos do gênero Argas. O presente trabalho foi dividido em dois capítulos: o primeiro investigou a presença de Borrelia spp em áreas onde foram relatados casos humanos de DLS no Estado de São Paulo. No segundo capítulo, é relatado o primeiro isolamento em meio BSK e a caracterização molecular de uma cepa de espiroqueta aviária presumidamente identificada como B. anserina, no Brasil. Para o primeiro capítulo, foram processados um total de 349 carrapatos Amblyomm cajennense adultos coletados em áreas com suspeita de DLS, nove amostras de sangue ou tecidos de pacientes humanos com diagnóstico clínico e sorológico de DLS, duas amostras de caldas de meio BSK previamente inoculado com tecidos ou sangue de pacientes com suspeita de DLS, e três amostras de caldas de meio BSK previamente inoculado com carrapatos coletados de áreas com suspeita de DLS. Essas amostras tiveram seu DNA extraído e testado pela nested-PCR com primers específicos para porções do gene flagelina B (flaB), aptos a amplificar porções deste gene de qualquer espécie de Borrelia. Todas as amostras foram negativas pela nested-PCR, não evidenciando a presença de Borrelia sp nas amostras avaliadas. Para o segundo capítulo, foi utilizada uma amostra de espiroqueta aviária originária de carrapatos Argas miniatus, colhidos em um galinheiro no Município de Pedro Leopoldo, MG. O isolamento in vitro e caracterização molecular da espiroqueta aviária foi feito a partir da inoculação de soro infectado, contendo espiroquetas viáveis, em meio BSK. O soro, baço, fígado e o próprio cultivo foram utilizado para amplificação na PCR para os genes rrs e flaB, seguido de seqüenciamento dos mesmos. O isolamento da espiroqueta foi obtido com sucesso, com várias passagens realizadas. A análise genética das seqüências do isolado mostrou 99.8% (483 de 484-bp) e 98.7% (754 de 764-bp) de similaridade às seqüências correspondentes dos genes rrs e flaB de B. anserina, respectivamente, disponíveis no GenBank. Pela análise filogenética inferida pela seqüência parcial do gene flaB, a cepa Brasileira agrupou-se com a seqüência de B. anserina dos EUA. Os resultados indicam a cepa brasileira estudada, designada de cepa PL, pertence à espécie B.anserina. / Lyme disease is caused by bacteria belonging to the complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which are transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. The distribution of these bacteria are restricted to the northern hemisphere (North America, Europe, and Asia). Lyme disease-like cases have been reported in Brazil, but it is possible that another Borrelia species is involved in these cases, and ticks of the genus Amblyomma have been implicated as vectors. Due to these reasons, the disease in Brazil has been referred as Lyme Disease-Simile (LDS). Borrelia anserina, the agent of avian spirochetosis, has a wordwide distribution, where it is transmitted primarily by ticks of the genus Argas. The present study was divided in two chapters: the first one evaluated the presence of Borrelia spp in areas of the state of São Paulo where LDS have been reported. The second chapter reports the first in vitro isolation in BSK medium and molecular characterization of a spirochete strain from Brazil, presumably identified as B. anserina. For the first chapter, a total of 349 adult ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) collected in areas where LDS cases have been reported were processed. In addition, nine human blood or tissue samples from patients with clinical and serological diagnostic of LDS, two samples from BSK medium previously inoculated with samples of skin or blood of LDS patients, and three samples of BSK medium previously inoculated with tick samples were also processed. All these samples were processed for DNA extraction and then tested by nested-PCR employing primers targeting a portion of the flagelin B gene (flaB),which amplify a flaB fragment in all known Borrelia species. All samples were negative by this nested-PCR, showing no evidence of Borrelia sp in the tested samples. The second chapter evaluated an avian spirochete strain originated from Argas miniatus ticks from Pedro Leopoldo municipality, state of Minas Gerais. DNA fragments of the rrs (16S rRNA) and flab genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced to determine phylogenetic similarities. The resulting sequences were 99.8% (483 of 484) and 98.7% (754 of 764) similar to GenBank corresponding sequences of B. anserina rrs and flaB genes, respectively. By neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis, the flaB sequence of the Brazilian strain clustered in a monophyletic group with the sequence of B. anserina under 100% bootstrap support. The isolate was successfully isolated in BSK medium, with seven passages performed. The spirochete crude antigen, fixed in glass slides, showed strong immunfluorescence reactivity with sera from chickens previously inoculated with the isolate. The spirochete strain isolated in the present study was genetically identified as B. anserina, labeled as strain PL.
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Estudo de Borrelia spp. no Brasil / Study of Borrelia spp. in BrazilAlexandre Camargo Ataliba 21 September 2006 (has links)
A doença de Lyme é uma doença causada pelas bactérias do complexo Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato que são transmitidas por carrapatos do complexo Ixodes ricinus. A distribuição geográfica dessas bactérias é confirmada no Hemisfério Norte (America do Norte, Europa e Ásia). Suspeita-se que uma enfermidade, compatível com doença de Lyme no Brasil, esteja provavelmente relacionada a uma espécie de Borrelia diferente das espécies causadoras de doença de Lyme no hemisfério Norte e que o vetor sejam carrapatos do gênero Amblyomma. Por estas razões, a doença brasileira passou a ser chamada de Doença de Lyme-Símile (DLS). A borreliose aviária é causada pela Borrelia anserina, que apresenta distribuição cosmopolita. É transmitida por carrapatos argasideos do gênero Argas. O presente trabalho foi dividido em dois capítulos: o primeiro investigou a presença de Borrelia spp em áreas onde foram relatados casos humanos de DLS no Estado de São Paulo. No segundo capítulo, é relatado o primeiro isolamento em meio BSK e a caracterização molecular de uma cepa de espiroqueta aviária presumidamente identificada como B. anserina, no Brasil. Para o primeiro capítulo, foram processados um total de 349 carrapatos Amblyomm cajennense adultos coletados em áreas com suspeita de DLS, nove amostras de sangue ou tecidos de pacientes humanos com diagnóstico clínico e sorológico de DLS, duas amostras de caldas de meio BSK previamente inoculado com tecidos ou sangue de pacientes com suspeita de DLS, e três amostras de caldas de meio BSK previamente inoculado com carrapatos coletados de áreas com suspeita de DLS. Essas amostras tiveram seu DNA extraído e testado pela nested-PCR com primers específicos para porções do gene flagelina B (flaB), aptos a amplificar porções deste gene de qualquer espécie de Borrelia. Todas as amostras foram negativas pela nested-PCR, não evidenciando a presença de Borrelia sp nas amostras avaliadas. Para o segundo capítulo, foi utilizada uma amostra de espiroqueta aviária originária de carrapatos Argas miniatus, colhidos em um galinheiro no Município de Pedro Leopoldo, MG. O isolamento in vitro e caracterização molecular da espiroqueta aviária foi feito a partir da inoculação de soro infectado, contendo espiroquetas viáveis, em meio BSK. O soro, baço, fígado e o próprio cultivo foram utilizado para amplificação na PCR para os genes rrs e flaB, seguido de seqüenciamento dos mesmos. O isolamento da espiroqueta foi obtido com sucesso, com várias passagens realizadas. A análise genética das seqüências do isolado mostrou 99.8% (483 de 484-bp) e 98.7% (754 de 764-bp) de similaridade às seqüências correspondentes dos genes rrs e flaB de B. anserina, respectivamente, disponíveis no GenBank. Pela análise filogenética inferida pela seqüência parcial do gene flaB, a cepa Brasileira agrupou-se com a seqüência de B. anserina dos EUA. Os resultados indicam a cepa brasileira estudada, designada de cepa PL, pertence à espécie B.anserina. / Lyme disease is caused by bacteria belonging to the complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which are transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. The distribution of these bacteria are restricted to the northern hemisphere (North America, Europe, and Asia). Lyme disease-like cases have been reported in Brazil, but it is possible that another Borrelia species is involved in these cases, and ticks of the genus Amblyomma have been implicated as vectors. Due to these reasons, the disease in Brazil has been referred as Lyme Disease-Simile (LDS). Borrelia anserina, the agent of avian spirochetosis, has a wordwide distribution, where it is transmitted primarily by ticks of the genus Argas. The present study was divided in two chapters: the first one evaluated the presence of Borrelia spp in areas of the state of São Paulo where LDS have been reported. The second chapter reports the first in vitro isolation in BSK medium and molecular characterization of a spirochete strain from Brazil, presumably identified as B. anserina. For the first chapter, a total of 349 adult ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) collected in areas where LDS cases have been reported were processed. In addition, nine human blood or tissue samples from patients with clinical and serological diagnostic of LDS, two samples from BSK medium previously inoculated with samples of skin or blood of LDS patients, and three samples of BSK medium previously inoculated with tick samples were also processed. All these samples were processed for DNA extraction and then tested by nested-PCR employing primers targeting a portion of the flagelin B gene (flaB),which amplify a flaB fragment in all known Borrelia species. All samples were negative by this nested-PCR, showing no evidence of Borrelia sp in the tested samples. The second chapter evaluated an avian spirochete strain originated from Argas miniatus ticks from Pedro Leopoldo municipality, state of Minas Gerais. DNA fragments of the rrs (16S rRNA) and flab genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced to determine phylogenetic similarities. The resulting sequences were 99.8% (483 of 484) and 98.7% (754 of 764) similar to GenBank corresponding sequences of B. anserina rrs and flaB genes, respectively. By neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis, the flaB sequence of the Brazilian strain clustered in a monophyletic group with the sequence of B. anserina under 100% bootstrap support. The isolate was successfully isolated in BSK medium, with seven passages performed. The spirochete crude antigen, fixed in glass slides, showed strong immunfluorescence reactivity with sera from chickens previously inoculated with the isolate. The spirochete strain isolated in the present study was genetically identified as B. anserina, labeled as strain PL.
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