Resumo: Este trabalho visou avaliar a taxa de remoção de material dissolvido devido ao intemperismo químico da rochas da Formação Serra Geral na bacia do Ribeirão Preto (SP). A taxa de intemperismo em rochas é um parâmetro de extrema importância na caracterização geomorfológica dos continentes, de maneira que todas as ferramentas disponíveis devem ser empregadas na sua avaliação, inserindo-se nesse contexto o método utilizado neste trabalho. Para tanto, foi avaliada a concentração dos principais cátions e ânions nas águas pluviais e fluviais desta bacia. A bacia do Ribeirão Preto apresenta sérios problemas ambientais na qualidade das águas pluviais e fluviais, que provavelmente estão interferindo no estudo do intemperismo das rochas nesta bacia. A taxa de intemperismo utilizando o Ca como traçador natural indicou um valor de 24,48 ton/km2/ano para as rochas da Formação Serra Geral encontradas na bacia do Ribeirão Preto. Assim, com este resultado, é possível indicar a seguinte seqüência de intemperismo para as rochas da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná: rochas ígneas básicas>arenitos>argilitos/siltitos. / Abstract: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the chemical weathering of the rocks from Serra Geral Formation at Ribeirão Preto basin (SP). The weathering rate in rocks is a parameter of extreme importance in the geomorphological characterization of the continents, and, therefore, all available tools must be used for its evaluation, including the method utilized in this work. In order to perform this, the major cations and anions concentrations were evaluated in rain and surface waters from this basin. The Ribeirão Preto basin has serious environmental problems in the quality of the rain and surface waters, which probably affect the study of the weathering of the rocks in this basin. The weathering rate utilizing the Ca as a natural tracer indicated a value of 24.48 ton/km2/year to rocks from Serra Geral Formation found at Ribeirão Preto basin. Thus, with this result, it is possible to indicate the following sequence of the weathering rates to rocks from Paraná Sedimentary basin: basic igneous rocks>sandstones>mudstones/siltstones. / Orientador: Fabiano Tomazini da Conceição / Coorientador: Marcos Aurélio Farias de Oliveira / Banca: Antonio Donizetti Gonçalves de Souza / Banca: Maria Margarita Torres Moreno / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:14:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_cm_me_rcla.pdf: 589946 bytes, checksum: 9232c9174ec7cfef158255267b144429 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho visou avaliar a taxa de remoção de material dissolvido devido ao intemperismo químico da rochas da Formação Serra Geral na bacia do Ribeirão Preto (SP). A taxa de intemperismo em rochas é um parâmetro de extrema importância na caracterização geomorfológica dos continentes, de maneira que todas as ferramentas disponíveis devem ser empregadas na sua avaliação, inserindo-se nesse contexto o método utilizado neste trabalho. Para tanto, foi avaliada a concentração dos principais cátions e ânions nas águas pluviais e fluviais desta bacia. A bacia do Ribeirão Preto apresenta sérios problemas ambientais na qualidade das águas pluviais e fluviais, que provavelmente estão interferindo no estudo do intemperismo das rochas nesta bacia. A taxa de intemperismo utilizando o Ca como traçador natural indicou um valor de 24,48 ton/km2/ano para as rochas da Formação Serra Geral encontradas na bacia do Ribeirão Preto. Assim, com este resultado, é possível indicar a seguinte seqüência de intemperismo para as rochas da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná: rochas ígneas básicas>arenitos>argilitos/siltitos. / The purpose of this research was to evaluate the chemical weathering of the rocks from Serra Geral Formation at Ribeirão Preto basin (SP). The weathering rate in rocks is a parameter of extreme importance in the geomorphological characterization of the continents, and, therefore, all available tools must be used for its evaluation, including the method utilized in this work. In order to perform this, the major cations and anions concentrations were evaluated in rain and surface waters from this basin. The Ribeirão Preto basin has serious environmental problems in the quality of the rain and surface waters, which probably affect the study of the weathering of the rocks in this basin. The weathering rate utilizing the Ca as a natural tracer indicated a value of 24.48 ton/km2/year to rocks from Serra Geral Formation found at Ribeirão Preto basin. Thus, with this result, it is possible to indicate the following sequence of the weathering rates to rocks from Paraná Sedimentary basin: basic igneous rocks>sandstones>mudstones/siltstones.

xvii, 382 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The debate concerning the role of natural versus anthropogenic burning in shaping the prehistoric vegetation patterns of the Willamette Valley of Oregon and Washington remains highly contentious. To address this, pollen and high-resolution charcoal records obtained from lake sediments were analyzed to reconstruct the Holocene fire and vegetation history, in order to assess the relative influence of climate variability and anthropogenic activity on those histories. Two sites provided information on the last 11,000 years. At one site at the northern margin of the Willamette Valley, shifts in fire activity and vegetation compared closely with millennial- and centennial-time scale variations in climate, and there was no evidence that anthropogenic burning affected the natural fire-climate linkages prior to Euro-American arrival. In contrast, the fire and vegetation history at a site in the central Willamette Valley showed relatively little vegetation change in response to both millennial- and centennial-scale climate variability, but fire activity varied widely in both frequency and severity. A comparison of this paleoecological reconstruction with archaeological evidence suggests that anthropogenic burning near the site may have influenced middle- to late-Holocene fire regimes. The fire history of the last 1200 years was compared at five sites along a north-south transect through the Willamette Valley. Forested upland sites showed stronger fire-climate linkages and little human influence, whereas lowland sites located in former prairie and savanna showed temporal patterns in fire activity that suggest a significant human impact. A decline in fire activity at several sites in the last 600 years was attributed to the effects of a cooling climate as well as the decline of Native American populations. The impacts of Euro-American settlement on the records include dramatic shifts in vegetation assemblages and large fire events associated with land clearance. The results of this research contribute to our understanding of long-term vegetation dynamics and the role of fire, both natural- and human-ignited, in shaping ecosystems, as well as provide an historical context for evaluating recent shifts in plant communities in the Willamette Valley. / Advisers: Cathy Whitlock, Patrick J. Bartlein