(F. Horáček: Antropologie Synesiova spisu O snech) 30. 8. 2017 Synesiusʼ treatise On Dreams (early 5th cent. AD) contains a Neoplatonic conception of the so-called pneuma (called also ʻvehicleʼ, ʻluminous bodyʼ etc.) that, among its other functions, ʻrepresentsʼ the immaterial Neoplatonic soul in the material universe. As against the other Neoplatonic texts from Late Antiquity, the authorʼs book is relatively concetrated and detailed so that it offers a comparatively full picture of the pneuma even though the text is no clear cut self-explanatory piece of writing due to its intended esoteric Neoplatonic readership. In my work I try to discover possible implications for the pneuma against the background of other Neoplatonic conceptions of the earlier and also of slightly later time. Synesiusʼ views of the pneuma are not always identical with those of the earlier thinkers. As he switches backgrounds it is often hard to tell whether what he has in mind is identical, like or different from them. I address predominantly - beside contextualization of On Dreams and efforts to solve individual small-scale problems in the text - questions of physical existence of the pneuma before, during, and after reincarnation chain of individual souls, further I discuss the interface between materiality and...

- 5 - Abstract: The diploma thesis "Coronation of Byzantine Emperors in Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages" deals with gradual changes of the ceremonies associated with the imperial accessions. Using narative, legal, artistic and numismatic evidence, it attempts to identify crucial components of each coronation ceremony, analyses gradual transformation these components underwent and points out new developments that helped each emperor to estabilish his right to the throne. The thesis also deal with the imperial insignia used both during coronation ceremonies and during other court rites.

This dissertation is focused on a comparison of the ancient theme in children's literature during the second half of the 19th century until 1945. The theoretical part focuses on the comparison and evaluation of the religious, political and cultural situation in the Czech lands, whose background was created children's literature with themes from antiquity. The practical part deals with the comparison of the most important works of Czech and Slovak authors, who were devoted to children's literature with themes from antiquity within the range. KEYWORDS: Antiquity , literature , youth , children , comparison, religion , politics, culture

Today, there are more Egyptian obelisks outside of Egypt than there are left where they were made. The obelisks are certainly beautiful, but what lies beneath are uncountable hours, days and years of work. Work which made the obelisks end up where they are today. From quarrying these enormous pieces of stone by smashing rock against rock, to building ships without equal for their transportation. It is hard to understand the amount of resources, manpower and organization that went into creating these tall monuments. Therefore, this study will attempt to examine each step in transporting the obelisks, from the quarry to their destination. Where theories collide, the study will weigh them against each other critically to give a fuller account of the transportation of the obelisks of Egypt. This study will begin by presenting a background, or basis, which will be further built upon as it progresses. The first chapter is mainly focused around the circumstance of transportation, along with giving a basic description of obelisks as individual objects. The next step lies in studying the general shipbuilding techniques used in ancient Egypt. This in turn will help in understanding the obelisk ships and the loading and unloading of these vessels. The obelisk ships and their loading will be the focal point of this study. The mainstay of the sources used for this study comes from earlier theories. The primary sources of this study will mainly consist of textual remains along with depictions. / Idag finns det fler obelisker utanför Egypten än vad det finns kvar innanför dess gränser. Obeliskerna är helt klart vackra, men vad som ligger under ytan är oräkneliga timmar, dagar och år av arbete. Arbete som gjorde att obeliskerna hamnade på den plats de är idag. Från att bryta dessa enorma stenblock genom att slå sten mot sten, till att bygga skepp utan dess like för deras transport. Det är svårt att förstå den enorma mängd resurser, arbetskraft och ren vilja som krävdes för att skapa dessa höga monument. Av denna anledning kommer den här studien att försöka närma sig varje steg i transporten av obelisker, från stenbrottet till deras destination. Där teorier kolliderar, kommer denna studie att väga dem mot varandra kritiskt för att ge en mer komplett inblick i transporten av antika Egyptiska obelisker. Denna studie kommer att börja med att presentera en bakgrund, eller bas, som kommer att byggas vidare på under arbetets gång. Studiens första del fokuserar  på omständigheterna för transporten, samt med att ge en grundläggande beskrivning av obelisker som individuella objekt. Det nästkommande steget ligger i att studera de tekniker som användes för skeppsbygge i det antika Egypten. Detta kommer i sin tur underlätta för förståelsen av obeliskskepp och avlastning samt pålastning av dessa farkoster. Obeliskskeppen och deras lastning kommer att utgöra huvuddelen i denna studie. Huvuddelen av källorna som använts för denna studie kommer från tidigare teorier. Primärkällorna som använts består till största del av textuella lämningar samt avbildningar.

TITLE: The Ancient Ideal in the Concept of Miroslav Tyrš AUTHOR: Filip Novotný DEPARTMENT: Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University SUPERVISOR: PhDr. PaedDr. Ladislav Kašpar. Ph.D. ABSTRACT: The aim of the thesis is to describe the ancient ideal, which can be understood as a historical fact, when this ideal originates. Furthermore, this work describes how this ideal is manifested in art and how this ideal can be understood philosophically. The main aim of this work is to describe the ancient ideal in the concept of Miroslav Tyrš, who was inspired by the ancient world and modern philosophical directions. Sokol, who founded it as a physical education unity, was not a goal in itself, but a means of applying this ideal in Bohemia in the 19th century, which helped to shape democratic education in Bohemia, which helped to establish independent Czechoslovakia, when the falcons were numerous legion members. The methods used to elaborate this work are especially literary searches where both primary sources and secondary sources were used. Deduction methods, quantitative method, chronological method, probe method, qualitative method. The conclusion of this diploma thesis is that the falcon was not only a physical education organization, but it was an environment that prompted...

En studie som inriktar sig på de förändringar som sker med den antika grekiska krigsföringen mellan perserkrigen och de peloponnesiska krigen - med fokus på den grekiska hopliten och det grekiska kavalleriet.

The purpose of this essay is to analyze how the Trojan prince Paris is described in the Iliad and in the movie Troy in regard to love and bravery. Thereafter an analysis of the similarities and differences between the Iliad and the movie Troy will be made. There will also be a discussion why there are differences between an epic story which was made for over two thousand years ago and a modern movie made in the twenty-first century. The differences will be based on the perspective ancient Greek culture versus filmmaking of the twenty-first century. The method that has been used is narrative analysis where the primary data, the Iliad and the movie Troy, have been interpreted.                         The Trojan prince Paris is described as a young, handsome man driven by his passion for Helen. Because of his passion for Helen he started a war and sacrificed thousands of men of Troy for her sake. The study showed that Paris was described in both the Iliad and the movie Troy as a coward, although some of his actions were brave. One reason why there are differences between the Iliad and the movie Troy is Wolfgang Petersen’s decision to remove the interference of the gods but other reasons are also discussed in the essay.

The main topic of the thesis is the city of Cherson, which has been under excavation mainly by Russian or Ukrainian researchers for more than 180 years. Due to a difficult political situation, the area was not accessible to other scholars till 1993. Therefore, most of the books or articles were published in Russian and have not been widely spread among western researchers. The first two chapters of the dissertation deal with the sources and the history of research. The main body of the dissertation is divided into three parts: (chapter 3) From the end of the Roman times till the early Middle Ages (5th - mid-7th centuries), (chapter 4) The Dark Ages (mid-7th - mid-9th centuries), (chapter 5) The new era of prosperity (mid-9th - end of the 10th century). The third chapter is devoted to the time when the era of Antiquity was slowly coming to its end and the development proceeded to the Middle Ages, in this case to the early Byzantine period. The fish industry and fish processing will be discussed because these activities which had begun here in the Roman times continued in the Byzantine period, too. Afterwards, the beginnings and spread of Christianity are debated. Furthermore, the beginnings of Christianity in Cherson are described, likewise the building activities, which resulted in transformation...

The aim of this thesis is to analyse Zibaldone di pensieri, the private diary of Italian poet, writer and philosopher Giacomo Leopardi. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to Leopardi's biography. We focus on his childhood, youth and on the events that had effect on his thinking. The crucial part of the thesis deals with the diary Zibaldone; with its structure, autobiographical features and with various ways in which we can look at this text. In the following part of the work we analyse some of the topics of Zibaldone. Observing the development of Leopardi's thinking, we deal with various phases of author's pessimism and with his perception of nature, reason, human destiny and ancient and modern world.

The diploma thesis focuses on didactic and historical analysis of history textbooks used during the Communist totalitarian regime at secondary schools in Czechoslovakia republic between 1948-1989. Goal of this thesis was to find out if there were any changes of historical events interpretation of Classical antiquity in consideration of political development in the country. The theoretical part consists of brief political development and development of education in Czechoslovakia in observed period. The practical part deals with the analysis and the comparison of textbooks from totalitarian and present era with emphasis on didactics and content. I concluded that interpretative texts influenced by the communist ideology were more focused on social problems in contemporary society. Textbooks were also focused on slavery issue, especially their hard life and described passed slave rebellions. This is most obvious in textbooks published in the 1950s. Keywords: history textbooks, antiquity, secondary school, communism, Czechoslovakia, education, 20th century