The woman has always been an invisible individual behind the act of ’Great men’ in the Roman society. The woman’s gender role has forever been specified where the woman is a submissive, quiet and an unintelligent individual who wants to do everything for her man. Even though this gender role is created by authors that are men and is about how they consider a woman should behave, what about the women’s view on this matter? By means of getting an answer to this question, we can get a fuller perspective and an understanding about the Roman woman and as a woman writer in a patriarchal society. The purpose with this essay will therefore be to give a fuller perspective about the Roman society and its woman writers. In order to fulfill this purpose, I have asked the following questions: How did men react when women published their literary work and is it possible to investigate how the women thought about themselves through analyzing their work. And how was it possible for a woman to publish her texts in a society where women had no rights and a small chance to publish her work for the public? In order to have been able for doing this examination I have delimit myself and investigate three women, Cornelia, Hortensia and Sulpicia. Cornelia wrote letters, Hortensia wrote and delivered a speech and Sulpicia wrote poems. I have used the ancient sources Appian, Nepos, Tibullus to get the quotes of the women’s texts. I have also used other ancient sources like Aelian, Cicero, Ovid, Plutarch, Pliny, Quintilian and Valerius Maximus for other valuable information about the three women and their literature. They contribute with comments about the women and about women’s possibilities to get an education. I have a gender role and feminist view through the entire essay as the main focus is the three roman women writers. I have done this by analyzing the women’s texts and investigated what men thought about them and high educated women generally. And how the society encounters this texts. Through all this we have got a better understanding about how the attitude was towards the Roman woman and how she looked upon herself – and with that a fuller perspective on the Roman woman in general instead of the androcentric view we had before. There are a lot of variables that contribute to whether the woman can publish her work which is status, wealth, her loyalty to Rome and contacts with important people. Through all these men were relative positive about the three women’s texts and the women themselves were relative positive to themselves.

This thesis intends to assess various inspirations of Czech art of the nineteenth, mainly twentieth century by ancient Greek tradition. Special emphasis is given to following two viewpoints: travelling on the one side and body and physicallity on the other. The first part concerns itself with artists travelling south to discover new impulses for their work, the second one deals with various approaches to body and physicallity inspired by Greek art. The didactic section presents an application of these topics to the elementary school Art Education. The practical part consists of two series of photos describing the subjective view of the present Greek metropolis.

This thesis addresses the controversy of Nazism as a political ideology in an ethical context, with emphasis on the role of man. The descriptive section looks at the origins and history of Nazism, its formation as a political party (NSDAP) and its main attributes. The topics of the prescriptive section are disputations the question of how Nazism stands in the context of various historical periods from antiquity to the peak period of Nazism. This section also deals with the problems of neo-Nazism. Two controversial publications of the major neo-Nazism promoters are subjected to examination and criticism. These publications and their promoters are ?My Awakening? by David Duke from the context of the world, and ?Taboos in the Social Sciences? by Petr Bakalář from the context of the Czech Republic.

This Bachelor’s thesis examines the use of ancient bronze statues in the 2017 film Call me by your name by director Luca Guadagnino. Various scenes which feature ancient statues are examined individually using semiotic analysis. The scenes are examined individually, first described on a denotative level, then analyzed on a connotative level. The theoretical stand point is based on the studies of art works in film. Key theoretical concepts used are ”in between-ness” which is a state in which change in narrative is made possible through looking at art, and ”parallels”, a means of which to make art represent the characters in the film. The thesis finds the sculptures in Call me by your name to play a part in affecting the narrative of the film, mainly in regard to the love story between the two lead characters, two men named Elio and Oliver. The acts of looking, examining, and touching the statues in this film help the narrative turn in favor of the lead characters romantic relationship. The thesis argues that the nude bronze sculptures of men from ancient Greece are used in this film as signifiers of desire, timelessness and homoerotic lust.

Den romerska författaren och poeten Publius Ovidius Naso (43 f.Kr. - 17 el. 18 e.Kr.) hade år 8 e.Kr. skrivit färdigt sitt magnum opus Metamorfoser. Verket skildrar ungefär 250 olika myter eller sagor som alla kretsar kring temat förvandlingar, eller så kallade metamorfoser. Men Ovidius verk har under det senaste århundradet uppmärksammats för dess otaliga skildringar av våldtäkt. Från Jupiter till Pluto, från gudarnas gud till underjordens härskare, skapar Ovidius ett poetiskt universum där våldtäkt är enda sättet för dessa gudar att uttrycka sina karikatyr-artade sexualiteter. I och med att Ovidius porträtterar ett såpass stort spann av sexuella kfgj så formas därmed det mönster som ska komma att brytas med i myten om nymfen Sálmakis våldtäkt på den unga pojken Hermafróditos.  Med hjälp av forskare som lagt fram att Ovidius skildrar våldtäktens psykologiska följder på dess offer kan vi i Sálmakis-myten se att det rör sig om något så ovanligt som en kvinnlig våldtäktsförövare. I forskning när det gäller subjektivitet inom mytologiska narrativ, där mannen har blivit det universella subjektet, utifrån vilket allt annat definieras, blir det tydligt att Ovidius också i subjekt/objekt ställer rollerna på sin kant.  Alltså skapar Ovidius något unikt i skildringen av Sálmakis där det rör sig om en kvinnas roll som subjekt och våldtäktsförövare. Hon blir placerad jämte mannen. Men det krävs något så brutalt som våldtäkt för att först blottlägga maskulinitetens uttryck för att sedan kunna klargöra Sálmakis roll i myten.

The aim of the thesis is to confront predominantly Celtic nations depicted in the comic series about Aste rix by René Goscinny and Albert Uderz with information derived from literary as well as archaeological sources and consequently to describe current stereotypes and political and social events appearing in the series. Since its origin, Asterix series has become a world phenomenon with readers across both the social and age spectrum. Numerous allusions to the recent past, which the authors decided to humorously comment on through their cartoon characters, can be found in the series. However, each of the stories takes place in the historical background of the times around the year 50 BC, and it seems interesting to observe to what extent Uderzo and Goscinny stick to the sources and when their fantasy takes over. Keywords: Asterix, René Goscinny, Albert Uderzo, phenomenon, Celtic nations, ancient times, the Gauls, the Belgae, the Picts, the present nations, international

This thesis aims to study the commercial mechanism of Ravenna in the Late Antiquity from the point of view of the amount, type and provenance of the imported stone artefacts (fragments of architectural decoration, revetments slabs, opus sectile, sarcophagi), based on the study of archaeological material from the site of the basilica and the monastery of San Severo in Classe (Ravenna). Ravenna represented an important administrative and cultural center in the 5th and 6th century, connecting western and eastern artistic influences and focusing herself on trade and production. Determination of the stone artefacts from the San Severo locality was principally based on the archaeometric methods and on the combination of archaeologic and geologic approach as well. Specific archaeometric methods (macroscopic, geochemical and mineralogical-petrographic analyses) together with a quantitative evaluation were applied. Many scientific works, dedicated till this time to the art history of late antique Ravenna and dealing also the argument of ravennate "marbles" presumed the prevailing provenance from Proconnesos and usual commercial relations between Ravenna and Constantinople as well. Constantinople played a role of a mediator of oriental localities and Ravenna. The hypothesis concerning the provenance of the...

<p>U ovom radu se proučava bogatstvo arheolo&scaron;kih lokaliteta sa teritorije dana&scaron;nje&nbsp;Republike Srbije sa aspekta razvoja hemijske proizvodnje, tj. materijalne kulture, koja je&nbsp;postignuta, za to doba, karakterističnom proizvodnjom metalne robe i građevinskog&nbsp;materijala. Uzorci koji su kori&scaron;ćeni, u većini slučajeva, nisu imali prethodni tretman ili su&nbsp;vađeni direktno iz leži&scaron;ta arheolo&scaron;kih nalaza, uz odobrenje lokalnih i regionalnih muzeja:&nbsp;&bdquo;Muzej Vojvodine&rdquo; u Novom Sadu, &bdquo;Zavičajni muzej&rdquo; u Rumi, &bdquo;Muzej Srema&rdquo; u Sremskoj&nbsp;Mitrovici, &bdquo;Muzej Viminacium&rdquo; kod Kostolca, &bdquo;Arheolo&scaron;ki muzej Đerdapa&rdquo; u Kladovu,&nbsp;Muzej &bdquo;Đerdap 2&rdquo; u Turn Severinu, Rumunija, &nbsp;&bdquo;Muzej Krajine&rdquo; u Negotinu, &bdquo;Narodni&nbsp;muzej&rdquo; u Zaječaru, &bdquo;Muzej Mediana&rdquo;, kraj Ni&scaron;a. Uzorci građevinskog materijala, opeke i&nbsp;vezivnog materijala potiču sa arheolo&scaron;kih lokaliteta: Mihajlovac-Klevora (<em>Clevora</em>), Trajanov&nbsp;most, Medijana (<em>Mediana</em>), Dijana <em>(Diana</em>), Najsus (<em>Naissus</em>), Feliks Romulijana <em>(Felix&nbsp;Romuliana</em>), Frateniza, &Scaron;arkamen, Hrtkovci i Viminacijum (<em>Viminacium</em>). Uzorci rimskih&nbsp;novčića su: iz perioda vladavine Flavia Julia Constantiusa, sa arheolo&scaron;kog lokaliteta Sirmium&nbsp;i drugih arheolo&scaron;kih lokaliteta dana&scaron;nje AP Vojvodine i sa arheolo&scaron;kih lokaliteta Istočne&nbsp;Srbije. Metode ispitivanja arheolo&scaron;kih uzoraka su: Mikroskopija, metalur&scaron;ki mikroskopi&nbsp;<em>Leitz</em>, <em>Orthoplan</em>, (x100) i <em>Carl Zeiss Jena</em> (x1000), gemolo&scaron;ki mikroskop <em>Konig electronic&nbsp;</em>(200X), skenirajući elektronski mikroskop (<em>Scanning electronic microscopy</em>, SEM), JEOL&nbsp;JSM-6460LV; Spektroskopske metode, Energetski disperzivni spektroskop (<em>Energy&nbsp;dispersive spectroscopy</em>), EDS Oxford Instrument; Rendgenska fluorometrija <em>(X-ray&nbsp;fluorescence </em>XRF), <em>Thermo Fisher,</em> NITON XL 3t-950.</p><p><em>Poglavlja u radu</em>: I Teorijski deo: Teorijski deo čine dva poglavlja: uvod i op&scaron;ti deo.&nbsp;<br />U prvom poglavlju su istaknuti razlozi i ciljevi odabira građevinskog materijala i metalnih&nbsp;novčića, kao polazna tačka istraživanja razvoja hemijske proizvodnje u doba &nbsp;antike na&nbsp;teritoriji dana&scaron;nje Srbije. Vojna inženjerija je bila inicijator razvoja tehnologije građevinskog&nbsp;materijala i metalnih novčića, dok je ostala hemijska proizvodnja bila na nivou zanatskih&nbsp;ve&scaron;tina. Drugo poglavlje čini pet tema: Op&scaron;i deo, Istorijske i dru&scaron;tvene prilike u doba antike u&nbsp;Rimu i na teritoriji Balkana, Istorijske i dru&scaron;tvene prilike u doba antike na teritoriji dana&scaron;nje&nbsp;Srbije, Proizvodnja opeke u doba &nbsp;antike i Metalurgija u doba antike na teritoriji dana&scaron;nje&nbsp;Srbije. II Metodologija istraživanja: Poglavlje Metodologija istraživanja obuhvata: Predmet&nbsp;istraživanja, Problem istraživanja, Cilj istraživanja, Zadatke istraživanja, Hipoteze. III &nbsp;<br />Ekspeimentalni deo: Eksperimentalni deo je podeljen u dve veće celine: Materijal i Metode.&nbsp;Celinu Materijal čini sedam odlomaka: Uzorkovanje materijala, Uzimanje uzoraka&nbsp;građevinskog materijala, Detekcija uzoraka građevinskog materijala vizuelnim putem,&nbsp;Kalupljenje uzoraka građevinskog materijala, Digitalna fotografija i optička mikroskopija&nbsp;uzoraka opeke, Detekcija metalnih novčića. Celinu Metode čini pet odlomaka: Terenska&nbsp;istraživanja, bibliografska, muzeolo&scaron;ka, arhivska i kartografska istraživanja, Lociranje&nbsp;arheolo&scaron;kih lokaliteta (geofizička merenja), Fotografije arheolo&scaron;kih lokaliteta, Hemijske&nbsp;analize građevinskog materijala (Skenirajuća elektronska mikroskopija <em>(Scanning electronic&nbsp;microscopy</em>, SEM); Energijsko disperziona spektroskopija (<em>Energy dispersive spectroscopy</em>,&nbsp;EDS)), Hemijske analize metalnog novca (Mikroskopska analiza metalnog novca;&nbsp;Rendgenska fluoroscentna analiza (<em>X-ray fluorescence analysis</em>, XRF) metalnog novca). IV&nbsp;Diskusija rezultata istraživanja: U diskusiji rezultata istraživanja su: Prikaz, Interpretacija&nbsp;rezultata analiza; Diskusija dobijenih rezultata; Uporedne analize podataka. V Zaključak: Na&nbsp;osnovu istraživanja, konstatovano je da je hemijska proizvodnja u kasnoj antici, bila&nbsp;usmerena: ka dobijanju kvalitetnog građevinskog materijala i prema razvijenoj metalurgiji u&nbsp;kovnicama metalnog novca. VI Prilog: Prilozima se prikazuju: biografski i bibliografski&nbsp;prikazi arheologa, istraživača arheolo&scaron;kih lokaliteta, deo karte rimskih puteva &bdquo;Tabula&nbsp;Peutingriana&rdquo;, odlomak iz Vitruviusovih knjiga, izgled novčića sa likovima rimskih&nbsp;imperatora koji su rođeni na tlu dana&scaron;nje Republike Srbije, rad kojim se dokazuje da je&nbsp;opeku, najče&scaron;će, proizvodila vojska, podaci o glini, kao osnovnoj sirovini za proizvodnju&nbsp;opeke, mineralni sastav zemlji&scaron;ta, odrednica hemijskog sastava građevinskog materijala,&nbsp;rezultati hemijske analize ručno pravljene opeke, kao i rezultati hemijske analize savremene&nbsp;opeke. VII Literatura: U ovom radu je navedeno 445 naslova.&nbsp;</p><p>Ova doktorska teza objedinjuje regije koje su istraživali poznati naučnici, tj. sve veće&nbsp;arheolo&scaron;ke lokalitete na teritoriji dana&scaron;nje Republike Srbije, tako &nbsp;da otvara put za dalja&nbsp;uporedna istraživanja i ispitivanja u hemiji, arheologiji, muzeologiji, arhitekturi, kao i&nbsp;poslovima restauracije, &scaron;to, do sada, nije u dovoljnoj meri učinjeno.&nbsp;</p> / <p>This paper examines the wealth of archaeological sites on the territory of present-day&nbsp;Republic Serbia in terms of the development of chemical production, material &nbsp;culture, which&nbsp;is achieved, for the time, the typical manufacture of metal goods, and building materials. The&nbsp;samples that were used, in most cases, they had no prior treatment or were extracted directly&nbsp;from the deposits of archaeological finds, with the approval of local and regional museum:&nbsp;&rdquo;The Museum of Vojvodina&rdquo; in Novi Sad, &rdquo;Heritage Museum&rdquo; in Ruma, &rdquo;The Museum of&nbsp;Srem&rdquo; in Sremska Mitrovica, &rdquo;Museum Viminacium&rdquo; near Kostolac, &rdquo;Archaeological&nbsp;Museum Đerdap&rdquo; in Kladovo, Museum &rdquo;Đerdap 2&rdquo; in Drobeta Turn-Severin, Romania,&nbsp;&rdquo;Museum of Krajina&rdquo; in Negotin, &rdquo;National Museum&rdquo; in Zaječar, Museum &rdquo;Mediana&rdquo;, near&nbsp;Ni&scaron;. Samples of building materials, bricks and connective material originating from&nbsp;archaeological sites: Mihajlovac-Clevora, Trajanʼs Bridge, Mediana, Diana, Naissus, Felix&nbsp;Romuliana, Frateniza, &Scaron;arkamen, Hrtkovci and Viminacium. Samples of Roman coins are&nbsp;from the &nbsp;reign of Constantius Julia Flavia, the archaeological site of Sirmium and other&nbsp;archaeological sites today Vojvodina and from archaeological sites in Eastern Serbia&nbsp;(Prahovo). Test methods for archaeological samples are: Microscopy, Metallurgical&nbsp;Microscopes Leitz, ORHTOPLAN (x100) and Carl Zeiss Jena (x1000) Gemmological Konig&nbsp;Electronic Microscope (200X), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), JEOL JSM-6460LV;&nbsp;Spectroscopic Methods, Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), Oxford Instrument; X-Ray&nbsp;Fluorometry (XRF ), Thermo Fisher, NITON XL 3t- 950th.&nbsp;</p><p>Chapters in the paper: I Theoretical part: The theoretical part consists of two chapters:&nbsp;introduction and general part. In the first chapter of the prominent causes and objectives of&nbsp;the selection of building materials and coins, as a starting point for research on the&nbsp;development of chemical production in ancient times on the territory of Serbia. Army Corps&nbsp;of Engineers was the initiator of the technology of building materials and coins, and other&nbsp;chemical production was at the level of craft skills. The second section consists of five topics:&nbsp;General part, historical and social conditions in ancient times in Rome and in the Balkans,&nbsp;historical and social conditions in ancient times on the territory of Serbia, Manufacture of&nbsp;bricks in ancient times and Metallurgy in ancient times on the territory of Serbia. II Research&nbsp;Methodology: Research Methodology Chapter includes: The research, research problem,&nbsp;research objectives, the tasks of research hypotheses. Ekspeimentalni part III: The&nbsp;experimental part is divided into two major parts: Materials and Methods. Whole material&nbsp;consists of seven sections: Sampling materials, sampling of construction materials, building&nbsp;materials detection patterns visually, molding samples of building materials, digital&nbsp;photography &nbsp;and optical microscopy samples of bricks, Detection coins. Whole methods&nbsp;consists of five sections: Field research, bibliographic, museum, archival research and&nbsp;mapping, locating archaeological sites (geophysical measurements), photos of archaeological&nbsp;sites, the chemical analysis of building materials Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),&nbsp;Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), the chemical analysis of coins (Microscopic&nbsp;Analysis; X-ray Fluorescence Analysis (XRF). IV Discussion of research results: In the&nbsp;discussion of the research results are: Preview, interpretation of the results of analysis;&nbsp;Discussion of the results obtained; Comparative analysis of the data. In Conclusion: Based on&nbsp;the research, it was found that the chemical production in late antiquity, was directed: in&nbsp;obtaining high-quality building materials to advanced metallurgy in the mints coins.&nbsp;Appendix VI: Articles are displayed: biographical and bibliographical representations of&nbsp;archaeologists, researchers archaeological sites, part of the map of Roman roads &bdquo;Tabula&nbsp;Peutingriana&rdquo; section of &nbsp;Vitruviusovʼs books, coins with the appearance of the characters of&nbsp;Roman emperors were born in the territory of present-day Republic of Serbia, the work of&nbsp;proving that the bricks, usually producing army, data on clay, which is the basic raw material&nbsp;for the production of bricks, the mineral content of the soil, the term chemical composition &nbsp;of&nbsp;building materials, the results of chemical analysis handmade bricks, and the results of&nbsp;chemical analysis of contemporary brick. VII Literature: In this study indicated 445 titles.&nbsp;</p><p>This doctoral thesis combines the region explored by famous scientists, ie. all major&nbsp;archaeological sites on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, so that it opens the way for&nbsp;further comparative research and studies in chemistry, archeology, museology, architecture&nbsp;and restoration operations, which, so far, has not &nbsp;been sufficiently done.</p>

Master's thesis is devoted to the topic of urban planning and the city of Rome. The aim of the thesis is to explore the ways of depicting urbanism in contemporary fine arts, forms and topics in which it is presented. Furthermore, the essential part of the work is the history of urbanism, the principles and deviations of urbanism and especially the Eternal City (Rome). As far as Rome is concerned, the author discusses her foundations, the growth of the city from the very beginning of the foundation, the influences of urbanism, the demonstration of the characteristics of the ancient "urbe" and how today's contemporary artists solve new ways of urbanization, or how and in what way they are inspired by Roman cities? An important element of the cities is not only the city planning itself, but also its Genius loci, the spirit of the place, the author separates and explores the cities of the day and the night cities and explores what are their differences in character. An important part of the thesis will be: How do today's children perceive cities, what do they mean to them? What do they think is important and what is the function of a city? How can a city educate a child culturally? The author will propose a set of art assignments for primary and secondary school pupils, which will present the...

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