The fractionation of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in environmental and anthropogenic solid samples has a crucial influence on their leaching, mobility and bioavailability, or conversely, their immobilization. Redistribution of PTE in different fractions is affected by various soil properties, such as soil reaction, redox conditions, and soil organic matter composition and its content. Fractionation of PTE in soils and other environmental materials is therefore dynamic, as it is controlled by external conditions. Certain changes of soil conditions caused by, for example, climatic events (floods, soil washing, etc.) and human activities (eg. liming) may lead to significant changes in the distribution of fractions of PTE in soils and anthropogenic materials. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of changes of conditions on the short- and long-term diferences in fractionation of selected PTE (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) in soils and other solid samples mainly of anthropogenic origin (e.g., smelter slag) in the environment.

The thesis focuses on amphibian species diversity in the National Park Podyjí. There were chosen four areas with various anthropogenic loads, on which monitoring was being regularly performed. Those areas were specifically ponds; Čížovský, Dehťák, under Lesná and a swimming hole called Na Pyramidě. To achieve a numerical representation along with a representation of species, invasive and non-invasive monitoring methods were used. During the research, eight different species were detected, even though there were eleven of them founded in the past. Among the most abundant species is the Common toad, the Agile frog, the Common frog, the Northern crested newt and the Smooth newt. Surprisingly, the presence and successful reproduction of northern crested newts was proved in the pond under Lesná, on the other hand, there were no signs of moor frogs or any other common water frogs. The collected data were afterwards used to calculate synecological characteristics (dominance, species diversity, equitability and the Jaccard similarity coefficient), while the achieved results were compared with the other authors and evaluated in terms of anthropogenic influence. The amphibians in the national park are threatened by a high fish stock and the absence of littoral vegetation. Recommended management within the areas would be to catch and then deploy the appropriate species of fish, as the case may be, build barriers and create the littoral zone.

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The thesis deals with use of hyperspectral data from APEX and AISA sensors for detection and classification of anthropogenic materials in the areas of Čáslav, Rokytnice nad Jizerou and Harrachov. The main goal is to propose methodology for the detection and classification of roof materials and road surface materials based on established spectral libraries. Another goal is to evaluate applicability of spectral libraries for classification, to compare possibilities of hyperspectral data with larger and smaller spectral range and to create maps of anthropogenic materials above. The methodological approach including masks of anthropogenic materials for roads surface materials and roof materials creation, settings of four classifications algorithms (Linear Spectral Unmixing, Multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis, Spectral Angle Mapper, Spectral Information Divergence) parameters and assessment of classification results, is in the methodology part. The results are visualized and evaluated using overall accuracy and percentage of classified pixels. Finally the results are compared with existing studies and possible improvements for further research are proposed. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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Disertační práce Změny zátěže ekosystému v podélném profilu antropogenně ovlivněného toku Kateřina Kohušová Changes of ecosystem load in longitudinal profile of antropogenically influenced river ABSTRACT To determine anthropogenic load of the Bílina river ecosystem we monitored concentrations of selected heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, V, Zn) and specific organic substances (PAH, PCB, HCH, HCB, DDT) in three different matrices: surface water, biofilms and sediments. In the longitudinal profile of the river, four sampling profiles were determined (B1 - B4), mapping different parts of the river. The monitoring took place from 2005 to 2008. Concentrations of the substances monitored in surface water showed a decrease in load compared to the values from ten years ago. The concentrations found in surface water showed clear tendency of pollution in the longitudinal profile; the load increased downstream and profiles B3 and B4 mid- and downstream had the highest concentration. In the case of some concentrations of substances in surface water there is a trend of the majority of values being below the detection limit by the given methods of analysis. This shows a decrease of load in the river but the positive trend was invalidated by variations in maximum concentrations. Even though these variations were rare and...

Angl. resumé

Communities of epigeic beetles were studied on two localities: Třebovice in the military area Boletice and Vadkov in the foodhill of Blanský les Landscape Protected Area in South Bohemia. The distance between localities is 7,25 km. Six biotopes were studied in both localities: grasslands, wetlands, fields, coniferous forest habitat, habitat mixed forest and deciduous forest habitat. Pitfall traps were used for collecting of material in period May - November 2012. Together 5 families (Carabidae, Elateridae, Silphidae, Curculionidae, Geotrupidae), 18 species and 1426 specimen of epigeic beetles were collected. Species were divided according to their ecological requirements of anthropogenic tolerancy into three groups (I and II relics and eurytopic species) (Boháč, 1999). In the monitored area Trebovice I found a total of 5 families with 16 species, compared to 3 for the families of the 11 species in Vadkov. The activity of beetles was very similar in both localities (Trebovice - 726 specimen, Vadkov - 700 specimen). The dominant families in number of species at both monitored localities family Carabid (Třebovice 9 species of Carabid, Vadkov 7 species Carabid). On the other side by carabid individuals was the activity distinctly higher in Třebovice (239 specimen carabid) than in Vadkov (38 specimen carabid). Adaptable species (RII 13 species) prevailed over expansionnists (E 5 species) in both localities. In the locality Třebovice was found 29.4% expansive species (E) against the area Vadkov 18.2% expansive species (E). Species that are tied to the habitats moderately influenced by man, known as relics of the second order (RII), in the vicinity of Třebovice occurred in 70.6% and in 81.8% Vadkov. Groups relics of the first order (RI) in the monitored areas were not detected. Index of human impact showed slightly better values at locations on the outskirts of Blanský les (Vadkov) (50%) than in the military area Třebovice (49,17%). Greater species diversity (Třebovice 16 species, Vadkov 11 species) and abundance (Třebovice 726 specimen, Vadkov 700 specimen) of beetles was in fond in the military area. This demonstrates that military area Boletice habitats are important for the survival of many species and serves as a source of biodiversity for neighboring stations.