Osek stream has two antagonistic torrents between its spring and its junction with Loučenský stream. These torrents differ a lot. These differences are evoked mainly by human activity. Attention is paying especially to influence of river-bed modification to life in the stream and around it. Attention is also paying to water pollution caused by people, industry and agriculture

This paper deals with the rainfall-runoff regime in the Stropnice river-basin and its development. The aim of this paper is to answer the question of‚were there any changes in the runoff regime during the period 1945 - 2009, and if so, were these changes conditioned by climate or were they caused by human interventions' (e. g. river network modification, changes of the land cover, drainage systems development etc.). The single-mass and double- mass curves were used as the primary methodology. The homogeneity of the time series of mean discharge, precipitation and air temperature were statistically tested using Mann-Whitney-Pettit test and Mann-Whitney test. The Mann-Whitney-Pettit test was performed using the programme AnClim (v5.012), which is freely available online, the Mann-Whitney test was performed using SPSS 15.0. Non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was used for the trend detection, performed in MULTMK/PARTMK by C. Libiseller and A. Grimvall, also freely available online. Some changes in the runoff regime were uncovered in the early 80s', when the runoff decreased, which also happened after 1988. During these periods almost no annual flood occured. The first decrease of the runoff was caused by a drier season in the 80s'. The second decrease after 1988 was probably caused by a build-up of the...

The purpose of the diploma thesis is the analysis of alpine timberline shifts in the Giant Mountains between 18th and 21st century. The altitudinal position of alpine timberline is a sensitive indicator which reflects human impacts as well as the climatic changes. Methodical approach included the reconstruction of alpine timberlines from the old maps (published in 1765, 1851-52, 1879, 1906) and their comparison with the newer data, which were evaluated from a series of aerial photographs dated 1936 and 2002 (actualized 2005; data provided by supervisor). Data obtained from the old maps and aerial photographs (1936) were compared and verified with old photos and postcards from Giant Mountains. The average altitude of alpine timberline increased during the study period. The increase in elevation of alpine timberline is significant between 19th and first half of 20th century, e. g. in period when the human influence in Giant Mountains decreased. It is concluded that position of alpine timberline in Giant Mountains depended on human influence. Key words: tree line, alpine timberline, human influence, Giant Mountains

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In this thesis, water quality and the assessment of anthropogenic pollution in the sediments of the middle course of the Elbe River oxbow lakes Kozelská and Vrť were studied. It is widely accepted that the oxbow lakes are extremely significant ecosystems, However, a large amount of contaminated material may deposit in these lakes. The pollution probably comes from industrial sources of contamination from the second half of the 20th century. In addition, the oxbow lakes show the development of the riverbed, and contribute to the stability of the river ecosystem. The research of Lake Kozelská was chosen especially to its proximity to the chemical factory Spolana in Neratovice, which used to be the biggest source of pollution of the Elbe River. The research included bathymetric measurements, regular observations of hydrological regime, monthly analysis of chemical and physical parameters of water in the period from December 2016 to November 2017, and marginally microscopic analyses of phytoplankton and zooplankton species too. The next part of this research included grain analysis and determination of metal and arsenic concentrations in the sediment fraction of 20µm using Aqua Regia leaching and total decomposition as well. Concerning water quality assessment, these lakes were characterized by higher...

This Thesis focuses on the anthropogenic geomorphology in the vicinity of eight selected castles in the Bohemia region. The first part of study gathers information about already known archaeological features in the castle areas or hinterland. The first step of the survey uses LIDAR data combined with both historical and contemporary maps. Next, a surface survey helped to prove the existence of selected archaeological features, mark their location and get their written description and photographic documentation. Thanks to the information collected this way, we can possibly interpret former use of the features, as well as their origins in relation to the existence of the castle itself. The last part evaluates efficiency of the used method and reflects of the state of the examined castles areas and surroundings. Key-words: Medieval archaeology - Non-destructive methods - LIDAR - Castle - Anthropogenic landforms

Birds represent the most frequent group of patients that rescue centers take care of. Road transport, glass panels, electric lines and poaching are main risk factors for birds in anthropogenic landscape. Thanks to rescue centers, many injured or endangered birds are cured and released into the wild every year. That is why rescue centers play an important role not only in environment protection but also in ecological education. This dissertation interprets causes of admisssions of birds wounded by anthropogenic lanscape. In this work I processed the databases of animal rescue centers during the period from 2008 to 2017. Those databases contained composition of the species, age, causes of admissions and follow-ups of injured birds within that period. Circumstances leading to admissions were also investigated from perspective or particular birds orders and their species composition. I also analysed links between sensitivity of birds orders towards impact of human activities on the environment together with quantity progress of admissions in particular years and in particular orders of birds. I also evaluated seasonal variation in number of admissions and relevance of birds age in regards to their injuries. Types of the injuries and zoological classification were also assessed. Most frequently rescue centers took care of birds from the order of passerines (Passeriformes). All in all, synanthropic species appear to be most vulnerable, which is significantly related to anthropogenic impact on the environment. In regards to age category non-independent juveniles were the ones who needed medical treatment most frequently.

This Thesis focuses on the anthropogenic geomorphology in the vicinity of eight selected castles in the Bohemia region. The first part of study gathers information about already known archaeological features in the castle areas or hinterland. The first step of the survey uses LIDAR data combined with both historical and contemporary maps. Next, a surface survey helped to prove the existence of selected archaeological features, mark their location and get their written description and photographic documentation. Thanks to the information collected this way, we can possibly interpret former use of the features, as well as their origins in relation to the existence of the castle itself. The last part evaluates efficiency of the used method and reflects of the state of the examined castles areas and surroundings. Key-words: Medieval archaeology - Non-destructive methods - LIDAR - Castles - Anthropogenic landforms

Africa is a heterogeneous environment that is affected by natural and anthropogenic processes. This thesis uses a review method to characterize the natural environment of the continent, present possible classifications of natural conditions and to describe the transformation of this environment. The main methodological aim of the thesis was to determine areas threatened by biodiversity loss due to anthropogenic pressures based on a new classification of the natural environment on a continental level. This was executed by methods of environmental stratification and subsequent environmental classification. Thus, this thesis presents a classification of the natural environment on the basis of homogenous units determined by bioclimatic variables and terrain, which are subsequently related to the biodiversity of birds, amphibians and mammals and to an anthropogenic influence represented by anthropogenic biomes. Finally, the share of protected areas is executed in relation to this anthropogenic transformation of the natural environment. Therefore, the thesis is quite a unique approach, as it takes into account a combination of both physical and socio-economic factors at a continental level. The final output consists of a map of the anthropogenic transformation of Africa's natural environment in the...

10 Abstract Actinobacteria are important bacterial group participating in various ecosystem processes particularly in the decomposition of complex organic compounds. Their abilities enable them to surviving in harsh conditions of oligotrophic habitats like lakes, deserts, cave walls or recalcitrant and resistant litter in soil, where Actinobacteria often dominate. Although certain biotic and abiotic factors were recognized to modulate Actinobacteria incidence in such habitats, the influence of anthropogenic pressure on their communities is scarcely known. The main objective of this thesis is therefore to determine differences of Actinobacteria communities under the direct (the human visitors changing microenvironment of caves, part 1) and indirect (climate change factors like altered precipitation or plant litter quality, part 2) anthropogenic influence in two habitats, plant litter in soil and cave walls, where Actinobacteria play important roles and dominate. In a first part of the thesis we monitored Actinobacteria communities in French limestone caves walls differently affected by humans (pristine versus anthropized caves). For identification of important species like potential pathogens or pigments producing Actinobacteria using amplicon sequencing of environmental DNA (Illumina MiSeq), we firstly used...