En France, la restauration de la continuité écologique des cours d’eau est devenue depuis plusieurs années une action emblématique à la croisée des problématiques de qualité de l’eau et de protection de la biodiversité. Encadrée par une réglementation nationale ambitieuse, sa mise en oeuvre s’appuie en priorité sur un réaménagement du cours d’eau, occasionnant une modification du cadre de vie local.La thèse vise à appréhender la perception socio-spatiale de cette action publique à visée écologique. Dans le cadre d’une méthode qualitative déployée au travers de deux cas d’étude bretons, l’adaptation de l’action publique de restauration de la continuité écologique est interrogée dans ses composantes structurelles et substantielles. La mise en perspective des usages du cours d’eau dans leurs trajectoires temporelles et dans leur épaisseur spatiale contextualise les mesures derestauration écologique et les mobilisations pour la défense d’un espace fluvial aménagé. En accordant une place centrale aux dynamiques conflictuelles, l’analyse des pratiques et des représentations d’une partie des usagers permet de cerner les modalités d’appropriations de l’espace du cours d’eau et de comprendre les discordances entre acteurs des projets.Au-delà des confrontations de points de vue sur la qualité de l’espace réaménagé par la restauration écologique, se jouent les questions de légitimité et d’opérationnalité d’une politique environnementale ambitieuse. Appréhendée comme une action publique expérimentale, le projet de restaurer la continuité écologique reste encore largement à construire tant dans ses aspects écologiques que sociaux. / The restoration of the ecological continuity of streams has lately become an iconic policy in France. Its implementation is regulated by ambitious national guidelines mixing water quality issues with biodiversity conservation. The action gives priority to a shift in management which relies on dam removal to create a river ecological network, and thereby a local environment change.This thesis aims at understanding the socio-spatial perception of that ecological-based public action through qualitative methods (documentary research, semi-structured interviews…). One feature of the research draws on a geo-historical approach that makes it possible to put into perspective the issues underscored by the projects implementation. In this respect, it has been decided to investigate two study cases in Brittany (West of France).The change of policy to restore ecological continuity is examined in its structural and substantial dimensions so as to understand its adaptations. Besides, by giving a primacy to the dynamics of conflicts, the analysis of some users' practices and representations highlights the rivers spaces appropriations. It also contributes to determining the differences of opinion between the participants of the projects. Beyond conflicts, the results also illustrate the local lack of legitimacy and socialefficiency of such an ambitious but experimental environmental policy to restore ecological continuity, that is yet to be constructed in both its ecological and social features.

This thesis looks at House budgetary actions in the 97th Congress in 1981 and 1982. In 1981, despite the opposition of the economic committees and the Democratic majority leadership, the House voted through a budget drawn up by the White House. In 1982, however, they refused to pass a budget drawn to President Reagan's blueprint. The first chapter is a narrative of the events of those two years. The second chapter is an account of the theoretical literature on the subject which pose several questions about those events and also suggest some answers. The third chapter is a statistical analysis of nine House roll calls over the two years. It attempts, first, to identify those Representatives who made the difference between Presidential victory in 1981 and frustration in 1982. Second, it tries to explain what these marginal presidential supporters had in common and what made them switch sides. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

The Air Force is currently developing Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAV). The UCAV is projected for initial testing by 2010. However, after reviewing the Office of Secretary of Defense's Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap for 2005 2030 / obtaining squadrons of UCAVs will cost billions of dollars and require decades to produce. The United States cannot afford to wait decades for unmanned weapons. Technology is spreading fast. Third world countries without stable economies and non-state actors are able to obtain/develop sophisticated weapons that are capable of destroying tactical aircraft. With sophisticated weapons easily obtainable, the risk of losing people in air combat is increasing significantly and that in turn is creating a level playing field for potential U.S. adversaries. Unmanned weapons technology can help America retain its military edge. However, since unmanned warfare capability is still decades away and is a multi-billion dollar project, America needs a quick fix. This study will argue that the most effective way to decrease risk-of-life and budget costs is to introduce F-16 Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) aircraft for combat. This thesis will answer the question: How can the government seize the unmanned aircraft advantages and decrease defense spending until the UCAV is operational? The answer to this question will illustrate how an effective F-16 UAS force can synchronize resources to properly complete UCAV development while instantly reducing risk of life.

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Construction of highway projects is one of the most important and expensive state government functions. Highway construction projects bring revenue and jobs to the locales in which they are built, in addition to providing a better transportation infrastructure within or between communities, states or nations. In the state of Oregon, its Department of Transportation (ODOT) publishes a document forecasting planned highway construction expenditures for the next six years. This document was called, until recently the six-year highway program; it is the Department's primary programming document for planned highway construction expenditures in the next six years, with updates every two years. More recently the document has been renamed the Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP). The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of planned highway construction projects within the state of Oregon from 1978 to 1992 by analyzing five selected ODOT six-year programs. Planned highway project expenditures were analyzed statistically, by county, to explain patterns of expenditure by project location, work type, highway level of importance, and changes in these over time. To analyze the significance of proposed highway expenditures by county, the cost of highway projects was compared and statistically measured against county factors such as population, area, total state highway mileage, and vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Data was collected from ODOT, the Oregon Secretary of State and the Center for Population Research and Census. Analysis consisted of simple grouping and sorting by program year, work type, etc., bivariate linear regression, and multiple linear regression. These analyses were performed on individual project data, and project data aggregated to the county level, for each of the five selected ODOT programs. The analyses determined that there was a positive correlation between relatively high programmed highway expenditures, large county populations (and population densities) and high total highway mileages per county in Oregon; in other words, the highway funds went where the people and state highways were. Furthermore, the analysis confirmed relative ranking hypotheses between highway expenditures work types, and the type of highway (LOI) the projects were to be performed on. These two secondary "ranking by type" hypotheses were: 1.) project work type, from most to least expensive: modernization, bridge, preservation, safety, and miscellaneous; 2.) LOI, from highest to least importance: interstate, statewide, regional, and statewide. Observations on the trends of expenditures over time showed that 1.) modernization expenditures in Oregon increased from 1978 to 1988, then declined in 1992 when preservation projects increased; and that 2.) interstate highways in Oregon received the highest funding overall from 1978 to 1988, but that from 1986 onward, statewide highways received more and more funding, and by 1992 were receiving more funding than the interstates.

In the past century, there has been an increasing trend in American government toward opening government procedures to the general public. The intention of these reforms was to improve government accountability and responsiveness, increase public education and involvement in government, and prevent corruption and undue influence by special interests. Conventional wisdom about open government, however, does not take into consideration many of the repercussions of opening up congressional proceedings to the glare of public scrutiny. Reforms in the 1970’s opened the deliberative process and made members of Congress more vulnerable to constituent and interest group pressure. These effects have had many negative impacts, in both the House Appropriations Committee and the Ways and Means Committees, for deliberative democracy and responsible budgeting.

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This thesis has examined the language of the various statutes regulating public purchasing by local Governments in the State of Indiana as it applies to non-bid and bid purchasing. The procedures outlined in those statutes were then compared to the purchasing practices observed in various local governments in northern Indiana.Attention was given to intergovernmental cooperation, centralization of purchasing, and to recommendations made by such authorities as the Council of State Governments and the National Association of State Purchasing Officials in an effort to determine if the language of the statutes and the procedures actually practiced by purchasers in Indiana local government provide for the taxpayer's receiving the most for his money.Finally, the thesis has provided a number of recommendations for modification of current law through inclusion of a proposed purchasing statute.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação acompanha os desdobramentos e estudos realizados durante a elaboração do trabalho intitulado Entremeio: a constituição de um espaço bureaucrático individual. Nela foram destacadas três momentos temporais e textuais: o movimento de chegada a uma cidade estranha e a elaboração do conceito de artista forasteiro, bem como o momento de adaptação ao novo e as perambulações por uma cidade a se desvelar e pulsar em uma potência transbordante; o desenvolvimento de uma coleção de perguntas capturadas em meio aos escritos de diversos autores, observando o efeito de apropriação das mesmas para a constituição de um trabalho artístico que leva em conta a distribuição silenciosa e unilateral de perguntas pelo tecido social da cidade; por fim, a criação de um trabalho que transporta o espaço individual de estudos e trabalho (bureau) para o meio de circulação pública, através da livre ocupação de espaços públicos, abordando as implicações espaciais do público e do privado. Este ensaio busca, ainda, explorar o formato ensaístico de escrita levando em consideração o relato de experiência no decorrer da elaboração de um trabalho artístico / This dissertation follows the studies and its conceptual variations of the preparation of the work entitled: In between spaces: the creations of a personal bureaucratic space. It highlights three textual and temporal moments: the movement of arrival in a new and strange city and the elaboration of the concept of outsider artist, as well as as the moment to adapt to the new and to start wandering through a city to unfold and pulsate in an overflowing power; the creation of a collection of questions captured amid the writings of various authors, observing the appropiation effect in them in order to create an artwork that works as a silent ans unilateral distribution os questions through the citys social environment; Finally, the creation of a work that takes to public spaces the individual work space (bureau), through a free occupation of this spaces, adressing the implications of wich is public and wich is private. This text also intends to explore the essay writing format considering the experience report during the development of an artistic work

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação acompanha os desdobramentos e estudos realizados durante a elaboração do trabalho intitulado Entremeio: a constituição de um espaço bureaucrático individual. Nela foram destacadas três momentos temporais e textuais: o movimento de chegada a uma cidade estranha e a elaboração do conceito de artista forasteiro, bem como o momento de adaptação ao novo e as perambulações por uma cidade a se desvelar e pulsar em uma potência transbordante; o desenvolvimento de uma coleção de perguntas capturadas em meio aos escritos de diversos autores, observando o efeito de apropriação das mesmas para a constituição de um trabalho artístico que leva em conta a distribuição silenciosa e unilateral de perguntas pelo tecido social da cidade; por fim, a criação de um trabalho que transporta o espaço individual de estudos e trabalho (bureau) para o meio de circulação pública, através da livre ocupação de espaços públicos, abordando as implicações espaciais do público e do privado. Este ensaio busca, ainda, explorar o formato ensaístico de escrita levando em consideração o relato de experiência no decorrer da elaboração de um trabalho artístico / This dissertation follows the studies and its conceptual variations of the preparation of the work entitled: In between spaces: the creations of a personal bureaucratic space. It highlights three textual and temporal moments: the movement of arrival in a new and strange city and the elaboration of the concept of outsider artist, as well as as the moment to adapt to the new and to start wandering through a city to unfold and pulsate in an overflowing power; the creation of a collection of questions captured amid the writings of various authors, observing the appropiation effect in them in order to create an artwork that works as a silent ans unilateral distribution os questions through the citys social environment; Finally, the creation of a work that takes to public spaces the individual work space (bureau), through a free occupation of this spaces, adressing the implications of wich is public and wich is private. This text also intends to explore the essay writing format considering the experience report during the development of an artistic work