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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

High-frequency isolated dual-bridge series resonant DC-to-DC converters for capacitor semi-active hybrid energy storage system

Chen, Hao 14 August 2015 (has links)
In this thesis, a capacitor semi-active hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicle is proposed. A DC-to-DC bi-directional converter is required to couple the supercapacitor to the system DC bus. Through literature reviews, it was decided that a dual-bridge resonant converter with HF transformer isolation is best suited for the hybrid energy storage application. First, a dual-bridge series resonant converter with capacitive output filter is proposed. Modified gating scheme is applied to the converter instead of the 50% duty cycle gating scheme. Comparing to the 50% duty cycle gating scheme where only four switches work in ZVS, The modified gating scheme allows all eight switches working in ZVS at design point with high load level, and seven switches working in ZVS under other conditions. Next, a dual-bridge LCL-type series resonant converter with capacitive output filter is proposed. Similarly, the modified gating scheme is applied to the converter. This converter shows further improvement in ZVS ability. Operating principles, design examples, simulation results and experimental results of the two newly proposed converters are also presented. In the last part of the thesis, a capacitor semi-active hybrid energy storage system is built to test if the proposed converters are compatible to the system. The dual-bridge LCL-type series resonant converter is placed in parallel to the supercapacitor. The simulation and experimental results of the hybrid energy storage system match closely to the theoretical waveforms. / Graduate
122

Data Augmentation and Dynamic Linear Models

Frühwirth-Schnatter, Sylvia January 1992 (has links) (PDF)
We define a subclass of dynamic linear models with unknown hyperparameters called d-inverse-gamma models. We then approximate the marginal p.d.f.s of the hyperparameter and the state vector by the data augmentation algorithm of Tanner/Wong. We prove that the regularity conditions for convergence hold. A sampling based scheme for practical implementation is discussed. Finally, we illustrate how to obtain an iterative importance sampling estimate of the model likelihood. (author's abstract) / Series: Forschungsberichte / Institut für Statistik
123

Computing optimal designs for regression models via convex programming

Zhou, Wenjie 25 August 2015 (has links)
Optimal design problems aim at selecting design points optimally with respect to certain statistical criteria. The research of this thesis focuses on optimal design problems with respect to A-, D- and E-optimal criteria, which minimize the trace, determinant and largest eigenvalue of the information matrix, respectively. Semide nite programming (SDP) is concerned with optimizing a linear objective function subject to a linear matrix being positive semide nite. Two powerful MATLAB add-ons, SeDuMi and CVX, have been developed to solve SDP problems e ciently. In this paper, we show in detail how to formulate A- and E-optimal design problems as SDP problems and solve them by SeDuMi and CVX. This technique can be used to construct approximate A-optimal and E-optimal designs for all linear and non-linear models with discrete design spaces. The results can also provide guidance to nd optimal designs on continuous design spaces. For one variable polynomial regression models, we solve the A- and E- optimal designs on the continuous design space by using a two-stage procedure. In the rst stage we nd the optimal moments by casting it as an SDP problem and in the second stage we extract the optimal designs from the optimal moments obtained from the rst stage. Unlike E- and A-optimal design problems, the objective function of D-optimal design problem is nonlinear. So D-optimal design problems cannot be reformulated as an SDP. However, it can be cast as a convex problem and solved by an interior point method. In this thesis we give details on how to use the interior point method to solve D-optimal design problems. Finally several numerical examples for A-, D-, and E-optimal designs along with the MATLAB codes are presented. / Graduate
124

Σύγκριση μεθόδων σεισμικής αποτίμησης κτηρίου από φέρουσα τοιχοποιία με EC6, EC8 & προσεγγιστική μέθοδο ΟΑΣΠ

Σταυρέλη, Δήμητρα 27 May 2014 (has links)
Αντικείμενο της παρούσας εργασίας αποτελεί η αποτίμηση της σεισμικής ικανότητας ενός πολυώροφου κτηρίου από φέρουσα τοιχοποιία που βρίσκεται στην Κέρκυρα, μέσω προγράμματος πεπερασμένων στοιχείων. Στο πρώτο μέρος της εργασίας, παρουσιάζονται γενικά στοιχεία όσον αφορά τη φέρουσα τοιχοποιία. Πιο συγκεκριμένα γίνεται αναφορά στην παθολογία κτηρίων από φέρουσα τοιχοποιία εστιάζοντας στα βασικά είδη ρωγμών που εμφανίζονται σε τέτοιου είδους κτήρια. Στη συνέχεια, γίνεται αναφορά στον προσδιορισμό των μηχανικών χαρακτηριστικών της τοιχοποιίας μέσω εξισώσεων του EC6. Γίνεται εκτενής αναφορά σε μια προσεγγιστική μέθοδο προσδιορισμού των εντατικών μεγεθών της φέρουσας τοιχοποιίας, της Μεθόδου των Πεσσών, αναφέροντας επίσης και τη μέθοδο που ακολουθείται για τον έλεγχο των διατομών της τοιχοποιίας διαθέτοντας τα συγκεκριμένα εντατικά μεγέθη. Επίσης, αναφέρονται αναλυτικά τρεις μέθοδοι ελέγχου των διατομών φέρουσας τοιχοποιίας , με τις εξισώσεις του EC6, που χρησιμοποιούνται εμμέσως στο πρόγραμμα ECTools, με τις εξισώσεις του Εθνικού Κειμένου Εφαρμογής του EC6, και από κατάλληλη βιβλιογραφία. Ακόμη, γίνεται αναφορά στα όρια του ΕC8 για τις μετακινήσεις των τοίχων σε τέτοιου είδους κτήρια. Τέλος παρουσιάζεται η διαδικασία του δευτεροβάθμιου προσεισμικού ελέγχου για την εύρεση της ανεπάρκειας ενός κτηρίου H/R. Στο δεύτερο μέρος της εργασίας παρουσιάζονται όλα τα στοιχεία που εισήχθησαν στο πρόγραμμα των πεπερασμένων στοιχείων για τη δημιουργία του κατάλληλου προσομοιώματος. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, αρχικά γίνεται πλήρης αναφορά των γεωμετρικών στοιχείων του κτηρίου σύμφωνα με τα σχέδια αποτύπωσής του, τα οποία επίσης παρουσιάζονται. Στη συνέχεια γίνεται πλήρης και αναλυτικός υπολογισμός των μηχανικών χαρακτηριστικών της τοιχοποιίας σύμφωνα με κατάλληλη βιβλιογραφία. Αναφέρεται επίσης ο τρόπος με τον οποίο έγινε η επιλογή των κατάλληλων φορτίων και παρουσιάζεται η διαδικασία με την οποία έγινε ο διαχωρισμός των πεπερασμένων στοιχείων του προσομοιώματος. Η δεύτερη ενότητα ολοκληρώνεται με την λεπτομερή αναφορά στο τρόπο διαχωρισμού πεσσών και ανωφλιών της φέρουσας τοιχοποιίας. Στο τρίτο μέρος της εργασίας παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσης του κτηρίου με τα προγράμματα Etabs και ECTools αλλά και λογιστικών φύλλων Excel όπου απαιτήθηκε σύγκριση αποτελεσμάτων μέσω χρήσης εξισώσεων και προγράμματος αντίστοιχα. Αρχικά, παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα συγκεκριμένων ελέγχων που γίνονται στο υφιστάμενο κτήριο μέσω των εξισώσεων του Ε.Κ.Ε. Στη συνέχεια, και αφού παρουσιασθούν όλοι οι υπολογισμοί των ανεπαρκειών για όλες τις μορφές ελέγχου, γίνεται σύγκριση των αποτελεσμάτων της πρότασης που έγινε σε κατάλληλη βιβλιογραφία το 2007 και του ECTools με βάση το βαθμό ανεπάρκειας. Ακολούθως, παρουσιάζονται υπό μορφή χρωματικών κλιμάκων τα αποτελέσματα των μετακινήσεων τριών παραλλαγών του προσομοιώματος του κτηρίου (ανάλογα με την παρουσία ή μη των διαφραγμάτων), τα οποία προκύπτουν για συγκεκριμένους συνδυασμούς δράσεων στις δύο διευθύνσεις δράσης του σεισμού. Επίσης εξάγονται κάποια συμπεράσματα που βασίζονται όχι μόνο στην τιμή της μετακίνησης σε κάθε προσομοίωμα αλλά και στη θέση που εμφανίζεται αυτή. Ακόμη, γίνεται μία απόπειρα να προσομοιωθεί ελλιπής σύνδεση δύο τοίχων έτσι ώστε να συγκριθούν με τα αποτελέσματα της πλήρους σύνδεσης, όχι μόνο οι μετακινήσεις αλλά και οι ανεπάρκειες που προκύπτουν για τα δύο προσομοιώματα αντίστοιχα. Ακόμη μία διερεύνηση γίνεται παρουσιάζοντας τις τάσεις που προκύπτουν για συγκεκριμένους συνδυασμούς φορτίσεων και υπολογίζοντας τις ανεπάρκειες που προκύπτουν σε όρους τάσεων σε συγκεκριμένες περιοχές του κτηρίου που επιλέχθηκαν. Στη συνέχεια, εφαρμόζεται η Προσεγγιστική Μέθοδος των Πεσσών για τον υπολογισμό των εντατικών μεγεθών και ακολουθεί σύγκριση των ανεπαρκειών που προκύπτουν μέσω συγκεκριμένων εξισώσεων από αυτά τα εντατικά μεγέθη και τα αντίστοιχα που προκύπτουν από το πρόγραμμα Etabs. Ακόμη, γίνεται σύγκριση των μετακινήσεων εκτός επιπέδου που προκύπτουν για συγκεκριμένο συνδυασμό φόρτισης και των ορίων που ορίζει ο Ευρωκώδικας 8 για κάμψη και αξονική δύναμη και για διάτμηση αντίστοιχα. Αφού προσδιορισθούν και τα όρια των μετακινήσεων υπολογίζονται οι ανεπάρκειες σε όρους μετακινήσεων, μέσω των γωνιακών παραμορφώσεων. Ακολουθεί η εύρεση του δείκτη ανεπάρκειας του κτηρίου Η/R μέσω της διαδικασίας δευτεροβάθμιου προσεισμικού ελέγχου. Αφού γίνει ο υπολογισμός αυτός, ακολουθεί η σύγκριση του δείκτη αυτού με τη μέγιστη τιμή της ανεπάρκειας πεσσού που προέκυψε από τις εξισώσεις του EC6, και της μέγιστης τιμής σε όρους μετακινήσεων. Ακολουθεί, επίσης, σύγκριση της ανεπάρκειας αυτής με το μέσο όρο των ανεπαρκειών των πεσσών και τον αντίστοιχο μέσο όρο σε όρους μετακινήσεων. Ακολούθως, πραγματοποιείται η διόρθωση των δεικτών Η/R σύμφωνα με τις ανεπάρκειες του EC6 και του EC8. Στην επόμενη ενότητα ακολουθεί μια παραμετρική διερεύνηση της μείωσης του πλήθους των ορόφων του κτηρίου. Αρχικά εξετάζεται η περίπτωση 4 ορόφων και συγκρίνεται με τα αποτελέσματα των ανεπαρκειών σε 6όροφο κτήριο και στη συνέχεια παρόμοια διαδικασία ακολουθείται για την περίπτωση 2 ορόφων. Η τελευταία ενότητα της διατριβής αφορά την περίπτωση των «απλών» κτηρίων από φέρουσα τοιχοποιία και τη διερεύνηση με συγκεκριμένες παραμέτρους της ασφάλειας των ισχυόντων διατάξεων για την απαλλαγή από στατικούς υπολογισμούς συγκεκριμένων κτηρίων από φέρουσα τοιχοποιία. Επίσης, παρουσιάζεται μέσω της ανάλυσης του 6ώροφου κτηρίου αλλά και των παραλλαγών του (4ώροφου και διώροφου), και αντίστοιχα των “απλών” κτηρίων (μονώροφων και διώροφων), η διαφορά του δείκτη H/R σε χαμηλώροφα και υψηλώροφα κτήρια μα βάση τις ανεπάρκειες που προέκυψαν από τον EC8. Στόχος της συγκεκριμένης διατριβής είναι αρχικά, η διερεύνηση, μέσω των υπολογισμών των ανεπαρκειών σε κτήρια από φέρουσα τοιχοποιία, της επιρροής κάποιων συγκεκριμένων παραμέτρων στις ανεπάρκειες του κτηρίου. Επίσης, διερευνάται η εξιοπιστία του δείκτη ανεπάρκειας που προκύπτει από δευτεροβάθμιο προσεισμικό έλεγχο μέσω της σύγκρισής του με τις ανεπάρκειες που προκύπτουν από τον EC6 και τον EC8. Τα συμπεράσματα που προκύπτουν σχετικά με τη διόρθωση του τρόπου υπολογισμού του δείκτη αυτού είναι ιδιαιτέρως ενδιαφέροντα και παρουσιάζονται στο τελευταίο μέρος της διατριβής. / The object of this master thesis is the assessment of seismic behavior of a multistory masonry building in Corfu, Greece, through a program of finite elements. In the first part of the project, general information for masonry structures is referred, such as the basic cases of cracks that appear in such buildings. Moreover, the mechanical characteristics of masonry are defined through equations of EC6, and an approximate method of defining these characteristics is presented. Furthermore, three methods of assessment of masonry sections through Eurocode 6, that are used by ECTools, National Annex of Eurocode 6 and specific bibliography. Then, the method of Eurocode 8 that uses deformations and drifts as means of defining damage index. Finally, an approximate assessment method of the Greek Earthquake Planning and Protection Organizations is presented. In the second part of the project, the input of the program is presented for the creation of a suitable simulation. Firstly, the geometrical input of the building are presented, as well as the computation of mechanical characteristics of masonry. Finally, in the second part of the project a method of the separation of piers and spandrels is carried out. In the third part of the project, the results of analysis of the building is carried out through Etabs, ECtools and Excel. Firstly, the results of particular checks in an existing building through equations of National Annex are presented. The same checks are carried out through a process that is proposed by a project of 2007 and through ECtools, so that a comparison between the last two is carried out. Moreover, the results of displacements are presented through contours and according to the presentation of diaphragms in the simulation of the building, or not. Some conclusions are carried out through this process, that are based not only on the displacement, but also in the position of this displacement. An attempt so that an incomplete combination of two walls is simulated is carried out and through that, a compare between the results of damage index of this simulation and the results of complete combination of walls is presented. Moreover, the damage index through stresses is carried out in particular parts of the building. Then, an approximate method of piers is applied so that a computation of moments and shears is carried out. Using these results and that of the program Etabs, a compare of the damage index that is the result of these methods is carried out. Moreover a compare between the displacements of out of level and the limits of Eurocode 8 for shear and bending is presented. The computation that follows concerns the damage index H/R through the process of the Greek Earthquake Planning and Protection Organizations. Following all these, a compare between the mean value of damage index through Eurocode 6 and the maximum value of Eurocode 8 is carried out and according to these the values of H/R are corrected. In the next part of the project a parametric study of the number of stories of the building is carried out and some serious results are carried out. The last part of the thesis concerns “simple” masonry buildings that are not engaged to be designed. Moreover, the difference between the damage index H/R in multistory buildings and low-story buildings is carried out basing in the damage index of Eurocode 8. The goal of this thesis is, firstly the influence of some parameters in the damage index of a building. Moreover, the validation of the damage index H/R is investigated through the damage index of Eurocode 6 and 8. The conclusions that are carried out concerning the correction of the method of computation of damage index, are very interesting and are presented in the last part of the project.
125

Demography and Polyploidy in Capsella

St.Onge, Kate January 2010 (has links)
Studies of demography and population structure give insight into important evolutionary processes such as speciation and diversification. In the present work I perform such studies in the genus Capsella, which has three species: C. grandiflora, an outcrossing diploid, C. rubella a selfing diploid, and C. bursa-pastoris a selfing tetraploid. These three species make a good model system for evolutionary studies because they encompass two major plant evolutionary processes: mating system shifts and polyploidization. To conduct my studies I have gathered a large number of samples across the distributions of each species and scored them both phenotypically and genotypically: more specifically we measured flowering time and collected DNA sequence data. In the tetraploid C. bursa-pastoris we applied an association mapping approach which takes population structure into account to search for genetic variation associated with variation in flowering time. Flowering time is an important and highly adaptive trait which is frequently subject to natural selection. We found evidence of association between flowering time and several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the flowering locus C (FLC) and cryptochrome 1 (CRY1). In the case of FLC these SNPs code for nonconsensus splice site variation in one of the two copies of the gene. The SNPs could potentially have functional consequences and our results imply that non-functionalization of duplicate genes could be an important source of phenotypic variation. Using a novel coalescent based approach, we investigated the polyploid origin of C. bursa-pastoris and find evidence supporting a recent autopolyploid origin of this species. In the two diploid species, I use sequence data to investigate population structure and demographic history and to assess the effects of selfing on C. rubella. Observed patterns of population structure and genetic diversity in C. rubella can be explained by a combination of both demographic history and mating system. Observed patterns in C. grandiflora suggest that the investigated populations do not deviate strongly from the SNM, which has rarely been found in modern demographic studies. Finally, we investigate the effect of sampling strategy on demographic inference. Extensive sampling both within and across our populations allow us to empirically test the effect of sampling strategy on demographic inference. We complement the empirical analysis with simulations and conclude that the effect of sampling strategy is in many cases weak compared with that of demographic events. Nevertheless, these effects are real and have the potential to lead to false inference and therefore sampling strategy should be carefully considered in demographic studies. / Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 725
126

Simulation Optimization for the Stochastic Economic Lot Scheduling Problem

Löhndorf, Nils, Minner, Stefan 10 April 2013 (has links) (PDF)
We study simulation optimization methods for the stochastic economic lot scheduling problem. In contrast to prior research, we focus on methods that treat this problem as a black box. Based on a large-scale numerical study, we compare approximate dynamic programming with a global search for parameters of simple control policies. We propose two value function approximation schemes based on linear combinations of piecewise- constant functions as well as control policies that can be described by a small set of parameters. While approximate value iteration worked well for small problems with three products, it was clearly outperformed by the global policy search as soon as problem size increased. The most reliable choice in our study was a globally optimized fixed-cycle policy. An additional analysis of the response surface of model parameters on optimal average cost revealed that the cost effect of product diversity was negligible. (authors' abstract)
127

Computationally effective optimization methods for complex process control and scheduling problems

Yu, Yang Unknown Date
No description available.
128

Amenability Properties of Banach Algebra of Banach Algebra-Valued Continuous Functions

Ghamarshoushtari, Reza 01 April 2014 (has links)
In this thesis we discuss amenability properties of the Banach algebra-valued continuous functions on a compact Hausdorff space X. Let A be a Banach algebra. The space of A-valued continuous functions on X, denoted by C(X,A), form a new Banach algebra. We show that C(X,A) has a bounded approximate diagonal (i.e. it is amenable) if and only if A has a bounded approximate diagonal. We also show that if A has a compactly central approximate diagonal then C(X,A) has a compact approximate diagonal. We note that, unlike C(X), in general C(X,A) is not a C*-algebra, and is no longer commutative if A is not so. Our method is inspired by a work of M. Abtahi and Y. Zhang. In addition to the above investigation, we directly construct a bounded approximate diagonal for C0(X), the Banach algebra of the closure of compactly supported continuous functions on a locally compact Hausdorff space X.
129

Heuristics for Inventory Systems Based on Quadratic Approximation of L-Natural-Convex Value Functions

Wang, Kai January 2014 (has links)
<p>We propose an approximation scheme for single-product periodic-review inventory systems with L-natural-convex structure. We lay out three well-studied inventory models, namely the lost-sales system, the perishable inventory system, and the joint inventory-pricing problem. We approximate the value functions for these models by the class of L-natural-convex quadratic functions, through the technique of linear programming approach to approximate dynamic programming. A series of heuristics are derived based on the quadratic approximation, and their performances are evaluated by comparison with existing heuristics. We present the numerical results and show that our heuristics outperform the benchmarks for majority of cases and scale well with long lead times. In this dissertation we also discuss the alternative strategies we have tried but with unsatisfactory result.</p> / Dissertation
130

Reliable Approximate Solution of Systems of Delay Volterra Integro-differential Equations

Shakourifar, Mohammad 13 August 2013 (has links)
Ordinary and partial differential equations are often derived as a first approximation to model a real-world situation, where the state of the system depends not only on the present time, but also on the history of the system. In this situation, a higher level of realism can be achieved by incorporating distributed delays in the mathematical models described by differential equations which results in delay Volterra integro-differential equations (denoted DVIDEs). Although DVIDEs serve as indispensable tools for modelling real systems, we still lack efficient and reliable software to approximate the solution of systems of DVIDEs. This thesis is concerned with designing, analyzing and implementing an efficient method to approximate the solution of a general system of neutral Volterra integro-differential equations with time-dependent delay arguments using a continuous Runge-Kutta (CRK) method. We introduce an adaptive stepsize selection strategy resulting in an approximate solution whose associated defect (residual) satisfies certain properties that allow us to monitor the global error reliably and efficiently. We prove the classic and optimal convergence of the numerical approximation to the exact solution. In addition, a companion system of equations is introduced in order to estimate the mathematical conditioning of the problem. A side effect of introducing this companion system is that it provides an effective estimate of the global error of the approximate solution, at a modest increase in cost. We have implemented our approach as an experimental Fortran 90 code capable of handling various kinds of DVIDEs with non-vanishing, vanishing, and infinite delay arguments.

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