By convention epinician poetry claims to be both obligatory and truthful, yet in the intersection of obligation and truth lies a seeming paradox: the poet presents his poetry as commissioned by a patron but also claims to be unbiased enough to convey the truth. In Slater's interpretation Pindar reconciles this paradox by casting his relationship to the patron as one of guest-friendship: when he declares himself a guest-friend of the victor, he agrees to the obligation ‘a) not to be envious of his xenos and b) to speak well of him. The argumentation is: Xenia excludes envy, I am a xenos, therefore I am not envious and consequently praise honestly’. Slater observes that envy may foster bias against the patron, but the problem of pro-patron bias remains: does the poet's friendship with and obligation to his patron produce praise at the expense of truth?

Il s’agit d’examiner la signification du choix d’Empédocle d’exprimer son système philosophique dans un mètre, l’hexamètre dactylique, qui n’est pas seulement envisagé ici en tant que forme versifiée mais comme une tradition poétique. Les raisons de ce choix se laissent reconstituer de différents points de vue. D'abord, dans une perspective historique et comparative, l'usage de l'hexamètre inscrit l'œuvre d'Empédocle dans un moment particulier du développement de la « philosophie » ancienne. Le problème a également une dimension sociologique qui tient aux modalités traditionnelles de diffusion de la poésie hexamétrique, dans le cadre notamment des grands concours panhelléniques. De façon plus fondamentale encore, se pose le problème de déterminer le degré de nécessité du lien qui unit poésie et philosophie au sein de l'œuvre même d'Empédocle. Le mètre est-il l'ornement d'une pensée qui aurait tout aussi bien pu s'exprimer en prose ? Est-il un vernis artificiel, qui ne ferait que dissimuler la clarté du message philosophique ? Au contraire, le choix du vers témoigne-t-il d'une prise de position substantielle, qui signifierait que la compréhension du choix de la forme est indissociable de l'interprétation du message qui s'y déploie ? Les chapitres 1 à 4 examinent la théorie poétique développée par Empédocle. Les chapitres 5 à 7 étudient la façon dont ce projet se réalise dans la pratique poétique. Les chapitres 8 à 10 se proposent d’évaluer la signification du choix d’Empédocle dans le contexte du 5e siècle. / The dissertation intends to examine the signification of Empedocles’ choice to express his philosophical system into a peculiar meter, the dactylic hexameter, which is not only considered here as a poetic form but also as a poetic tradition. The reasons why Empedocles made this choice may be studied from several points of view. From a historic and comparative point of view, Empedocles’ use of the dactylic hexameter has his philosophy embedded into a particular moment of the development of ancient « philosophy ». Another, sociological, dimension of this problem pertains to the traditional modes of diffusion of dactylic poems, within the frame of panhellenic competitions for instance.More fundamental even is the question of how necessary is the link between poetry and philosophy in Empedocles’ work itself. Is the dactylic meter merely ornamental for a thought that could have been expressed in prose? Is it some artificial varnish, whose only effect would be to obscure the philosophical message? Or does the use of verses show, on the contrary, a substantial stance, meaning that the interpretation of the poetic features and the interpretation of the philosophical doctrine cannot be dissociated?The poetic theory of Empedocles is examined in chapters 1 to 4. Then, a study of the poetic realization of this project takes place in chapters 5 to 7. Finally, an evaluation of the meaning and relevance of Empedocles’ choice in the context of the 5th century is done through the last 3 chapters.

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O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise da representação da prostituição feminina e seus principais temas na poesia mélica e jâmbica grega arcaica e tardo-arcaica. As categorias com as quais se denominavam as prostitutas na Grécia antiga eram pórn&#275 e hetera, mas apesar de haver menções explícitas à pórnē na poesia arcaica e tardo-arcaica, não as há a respeito da hetera - referenciada em sentido relativo à prostituição a partir da época clássica , e essa ausência é um dos principais aspectos abordados ao longo deste estudo. É apresentada a tradução e análise de quatorze fragmentos de quatro poetas mélicos - Alceu, Safo, Anacreonte e Píndaro - e dois jâmbicos - Arquíloco e Hipônax. / The aim of this study is to analyze the representation of female prostitution and related topics on Greek early and late archaic melic poetry and iambus. The categories by which prostitutes were identified in Ancient Greece were pórn&#275 and hetaira, and although pórn&#275 is explicitly mentioned in early and late archaic poetry, hetaira is not - this term is first used with regards to prostitution in the classic period -, and this is one of the leading questions treated throughout this work. Fourteen fragments from four melic poets - Alcaeus, Sappho, Anacreon and Pindar - and two iambic poets Archilochus and Hipponax - have been considered for the purpose of this thesis.