This thesis examines the architectural commissions undertaken by three Victorian architects - Richard Cromwell Carpenter (1812-55), William Slater (1819-72) and Richard Herbert Carpenter (1841-1893) - who traded under their own names, but also as Slater & Carpenter (1863-72), and as Carpenter & Ingelow (1875-93). The three architects were much connected with the "High Church" movement within the Church of England, especially Richard Cromwell Carpenter who was one of the favoured architects of the Cambridge Camden Society; an organization which attempted to give structural expression to the liturgical and doctrinal ideals which emanated from the Oxford Movement. Little previous research has been undertaken on any of these individuals though each was considered an important architect by their contemporaries; being collectively responsible for a vast range of ecclesiastical commissions, including designs for Cathedrals, parish churches, schools, and clergy houses, in addition to a litany of other commissions both large and small. This thesis considers each of the main types of work, but it also examines certain themes. Hence, one chapter examines the schools which were designed while also considering how architectural style changed with time. Another examines the parsonages which were planned while also considering the educational backgrounds of the relevant clergy, while the chapter that considers the great houses also seeks to identify any linkage between architectural style and the hierarchical position of the patron The words which follow are based on extensive research into primary and secondary sources; archives at Lambeth Palace, Lancing College, County Record Offices and the major copyright libraries. The thesis aims to make a significant contribution to the study of Victorian church-building, and to the documentation of Victorian ecclesiology.

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The profession of architecture is passing through challenging times. Technological progress and a rapidly changing society have brought confusion into the profession regarding the self-image of architects and the image of architects from the viewpoint of clients and the public. This has a concomitant echo within the images communicated by the built environment; buildings do not always perform the importance of human benefits among the economical, technological or expressionistic advantages.Throughout history, the image of architects reflected the position of the profession in a particular time and place. Architects carried with them the tags of genius, God creators, heroes, etc. The more recent history of architecture has brought changes in the practice and services that architecture offers. Differentiation of the building and design aspects of practice was the result of the growing complexity of the building market. The new aspects of the practice have been followed by a corresponding confusion regarding the images of the profession.Architects in North America today are experiencing the declining power of the profession; the public cannot clearly recognize the role of architecture and its extensible possibilities within society; and clients are less blindly trustful of the genius of the architect and are more specific in defining their goals. In addition, the marketable image cf a building has grown in demand, further prompted by signature architecture popularity on the one side and the profit oriented building market on the other. This diminishes human benefits - such as contextual, environmental and functional demands, to a name few - that architecture, as a social practice, should provide.The hypothesis proposed by this paper is that the declining power and shaken authority of the architectural profession produce the possibility of a manipulation by those who perceive buildings as a market product which in turn significantly threatens human values and the quality of life.In order to better understand the problems that are facing the profession the author conducted a one-year, full-time internship employment in a New York City based architecture & interior design firm, observing in particular the architect-client relationship and the design process itself. This paper analyzes present conditions in architectural practice concerning issues such as the images which society and the profession itself hold of architecture, how these images influence the physical environment that architects are creating, especially the relationships that are making possible the misinterpretations of these images.The most important issues that this research reveals relate to perceptions about the role of the architects in the building process and in the society. perceptions which consequently frame the possibilities of architectural practice. The everyday professional practice of architecture is influenced by a variety of factors and participants, which together tend t,-; limit architects to a singular and specific position, thus rendering them vulnerable to control the building process and the final product. / Department of Architecture

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Thesis--Heidelberg. / Vita. Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (v. 1, p. 330-341).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Texas, May, 2008. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 290-315). Also issued in print.

Thesis--Heidelberg. / Vita. Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (v. 1, p. 330-341).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-135) Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, Faculty of Architecture, Design & Planning, University of Sydney, 2007. / Title from title screen (viewed 13 January 2009). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, Faculty of Architecture, Design & Planning. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.