Orientador: Eduardo Martins Morgado / Banca: Maria Crsitina Gobbi / Banca: Adriana Bertoldi Carreto de Castro / Resumo: Em um mundo onde as pessoas estão cada vez mais conectadas, chega o momento em que os objetos também passam a fazer parte da rede de compartilhamentos. Com a possibilidade de conexão de equipamentos por meio de hardware com capacidade de telecomunicação e de processamento para executar moderno software embarcado, é cada vez mais acessível tecnológica e economicamente o desenvolvimento de novos produtos conectados. Esta pesquisa discute parte da evolução da Internet das Coisas (IoT) e de algumas de suas aplicações, propondo a criação de um dispositivo conectado a esta rede. Sendo o objeto deste trabalho a IoT, dentro da grande gama de dispositivos que poderiam ser criados, foi colocado foco em desenvolver uma aplicação para coleta e leitura de dados climáticos. Como metodologia, a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica, será desenvolvido um relatório de pesquisa com construção de um protótipo. Atualmente o mercado dispõe de produtos de alto custo para leitura de dados climáticos, quase sempre importados ou desenvolvidos por empresas multinacionais, havendo pouca tecnologia nacional disponível para consumidores finais. Reserva-se esta a grandes centros de pesquisa de referência nacional. Foi desenvolvido um dispositivo para adequar-se aos fins propostos no trabalho, para responder à questão seria possível desenvolver um dispositivo para coleta e leitura de dados climáticos. O objeto deste trabalho é a Internet das Coisas. O objetivo geral foi verificar as características para desenvo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In a world where people are increasingly connected, comes the time when objects also become part of the share's network. With the possibility of connecting hardware by means of hardware with the capability of communication and processing for the execution of modern embedded software, the development of new connected products is increasingly accessible and economically. This research discusses part of the evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) and some of its applications, proposing a creation of a device connected to this network. Being the object of this work an IoT, within the wide range of devices that are being inserted, were putted in focus an application for the data collection and reading of climatic data. As a methodology, from the bibliographic research, a research report will be developed with the construction of a prototype. Now a days, the market for high-priced climate data products, almost always imported or by multinational companies, has national technology available to end consumers. Reserves to major research centers of national reference. A device was developed to fit the purposes proposed in the work, to answer the question it would be possible to develop a device for collecting and reading climatic data. The object of this work is the Internet of Things. The general objective was to verify the characteristics for the development of an IoT device to perform the reading of climatic data. The specific objectives were: to define ways to collect climate dat... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Water scarcity for agriculture is one of the most important challenges to improve food security worldwide. In this thesis we study the potential to develop a low-cost controller for a small scale brackish desalination plant that consists of proven water treatment technologies, reverse osmosis, cation exchange, and nanofiltration to treat groundwater into two final products: drinking water and irrigation water. The plant is powered by a combination of wind and solar power systems. The low-cost controller uses Arduino Mega, and Arduino DUE, which consist of ATmega2560 and Atmel SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3 CPU microcontrollers. These are widely used systems characterized for good performance and low cost. However, Arduino also requires drivers and interfaces to allow the control and monitoring of sensors and actuators. The thesis explains the process, as well as the hardware and software implemented.

A agricultura familiar tem grande relevância quando se apresentam os números de propriedades produtoras de alimentos brasileiros que abastecem o mercado interno. Neste cenário, destaca-se o cultivo de cogumelos que podem servir de complemento de renda a pequenos produtores, em virtude da utilização de pequenos espaços e da boa aceitação mercadológica. O cogumelo A. blazei é um fungo consumido em decorrência de seu valor medicinal e das propriedades fortalecedoras do sistema imunológico. O cultivo desse tipo de fungo possui características específicas de cuidados, como o monitoramento constante da umidade e temperatura, fatores abióticos fundamentais que podem possibilitar o bom desempenho da safra. Diante disso, este trabalho propõe a automação do controle e do monitoramento de temperatura e umidade por meio de sensores e dispositivos microcontrolados, a custo acessível para a agricultura familiar, propiciando a diminuição da mão de obra do agricultor. Utilizou-se a plataforma Arduino para esse fim. O experimento foi realizado em duas fases, manual e automatizada, a fim de comparar os resultados e identificar a produtividade e a melhor forma de cultivo, assim como a umidade ideal para o desenvolvimento da safra na região em que o experimento foi realizado. Os canteiros que em que os sensores de umidade e temperatura foram instalados apresentaram facilidades no manejo da safra. A segunda safra automatizada apresentou produção de 59,86kg, com 4,31kg de cogumelo A. blazei in natura a mais do que a primeira fase manual. O A. blazei apresentou melhor desempenho no canteiro com a umidade próxima aos 80%, com desvio padrão de 1,13. Nesse cenário, constata-se que a região na qual foi realizado o experimento apresenta condições propícias para o cultivo de cogumelo A. blazei. As informações foram encaminhadas via conexão com a Internet para a plataforma web de Internet das Coisas (IoT) Thingsboard, para armazenamento de dados, o que possibilitou identificar, monitorar e acompanhar os aspectos referentes ao crescimento do A. blazei a distância. Conclui o trabalho que a utilização de sensores e microcontroladores facilita a produção, a identificação da melhor umidade para o desenvolvimento do cultivar e reduz os custos com mão de obra. / Family farming has great relevance when presenting the numbers of Brazilian food producing properties that supply the domestic market. In this scenario, we highlight the cultivation of mushrooms that can supplement income for small producers, due to the use of small spaces and good market acceptance. The A. blazei mushroom is a fungus consumed due to its medicinal value and the strengthening properties of the immune system. The cultivation of this type of fungus has specific characteristics of care, such as the constant monitoring of humidity and temperature, fundamental abiotic factors that can enable the good performance of the crop. In view of this, this work proposes the automation of the control and monitoring of temperature and humidity by means of sensors and microcontrollable devices, at affordable cost for the family agriculture, propitiating the reduction of the workmanship of the farmer. The Arduino platform was used for this purpose. The experiment was carried out in two phases, manual and automated, in order to compare the results and identify the productivity and the best form of cultivation, as well as the ideal humidity for the development of the crop in the region where the experiment was carried out. The beds in which the humidity and temperature sensors were installed showed facilities to handle the harvest. The second automated harvest showed a yield of 59.86 kg, with 4.31 kg of A. blazei mushroom in natura more than the first manual phase. The A. blazei presented better performance at the site with humidity close to 80%, with a standard deviation of 1.13. In this scenario, it is verified that the region in which the experiment was performed presents propitious conditions for the cultivation of A. blazei mushroom. The information was sent via Internet connection to the Thingswo Internet Things (IoT) web platform for data storage, which enabled the identification, monitoring and follow-up of the aspects of A. blazei growth at a distance. It concludes the work that the use of sensors and microcontrollers facilitates the production, identification of the best moisture for the development of the cultivar and reduces labor costs.

Acompanha: Produto educacional: Desenvolvimento de um kit didático experimental para o ensino de resistores, capacitores e circuitos de temporização RC / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O Ensino de Física tem sofrido inúmeras transformações nas últimas décadas, discute-se muito sobre a inserção de diferentes recursos didáticos em sala de aula a fim de gerar um ambiente de aprendizagem diferente do tradicional, bem como proporcionar condições de uma aprendizagem efetiva para o aluno. O sistema tradicional do ensino de Física vem perdendo aos poucos a eficácia, o significado e até mesmo o interesse por parte do aluno em buscar conhecimento. O convívio constante com as mídias de maneira inapropriada tem provocado uma imensa perda de tempo, tornando-se um adversário desleal contra o estudo, restando assim pouco tempo para a aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um novo método com uma proposta experimental e investigativa, baseado na teoria de Vygotsky, visando despertar no educando o interesse e a busca pelo saber, uma vez que ele é parte principal do processo, e que a partir de seus conhecimentos prévios é que o professor introduz seu conhecimento, proporcionando melhor interação entre professor e aluno, e também propiciando o desenvolvimento cognitivo e social no ambiente escolar. O kit didático experimental desenvolvido torna-se uma ferramenta de grande valia, que possibilita ao professor trabalhar um método diferenciado onde ele poderá relacionar a parte teórica com a parte prática, possibilitando com o kit trabalhar o conteúdo de resistores e capacitores por completo, de um modo que despertará no aluno um maior interesse. A tecnologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento do kit foi a plataforma de desenvolvimento Arduino que é composta por um microcontrolador e periféricos, devido ao fácil acesso a materiais didáticos disponíveis, possibilitando a fácil reprodução do protótipo futuramente por pessoas com pouco conhecimento na área e por ser uma plataforma open-source. Esse produto desenvolvido vem ao encontro das politicas de inclusão propostas pelos governos, que tem o objetivo de incluir na sociedade pessoas com necessidades educacionais especiais, pensando nisso, essa ideia vem contribuir e dar suporte a alunos com deficiências auditiva ou visual, bem como os demais alunos do ensino regular ou até mesmo superior, que necessitam estudar o conteúdo abordado aqui. / The teaching of physics has undergone numerous transformations in the last decades, much is discussed about the insertion of different didactic resources in the classroom in order to generate a learning environment different from the traditional one, as well as to provide conditions of an effective learning for the student. The traditional system of physics teaching has gradually lost its effectiveness, meaning and even the student's interest in seeking knowledge. The constant conviviality with the media in an inappropriate way has caused an immense loss of time, becoming an unfair opponent against the study, thus leaving little time for learning. In this sense, this work aims to develop a new method with an experimental and investigative proposal, based on Vygotsky's theory, aiming to awaken in the student the interest and the search for knowledge, since it is a main part of the process, and that from their previous knowledge is that the teacher introduces their knowledge, providing better interaction between teacher and student, and also fostering cognitive and social development in the school environment. The developed experimental teaching kit becomes a valuable tool that allows the teacher to work a different method where he can relate the theoretical part to the practical part, allowing the kit to work the contents of resistors and capacitors completely, so that the student will be more interested. The technology used for the development of the kit was the Arduino development platform which is composed of a microcontroller and peripherals, due to the easy access to available didactic material, allowing the easy reproduction of the prototype in the future by people with little knowledge in the area and being a open-source platform. This developed product is in line with the inclusion policies proposed by governments, which aims to include people with special educational needs in society. With this in mind, this idea contributes to and supports students with hearing or visual impairments, as well as other students of regular or even higher education, who need to study the content covered here.

Renewable power systems are becoming more affordable and provide better options than fossil-fuel generation, for not only the environment, but a benefit of a reduced cost of operation. Methods to optimize charging batteries from renewable technologies is an important subject for off-grid and micro-grids, and is becoming more relevant for larger installations. Overcharging or undercharging the battery can result in failure and reduction of battery life. The Arduino hybrid MPPT controller takes the advantage of solar and wind energy sources by controlling two systems simultaneously. The ability to manage two systems with one controller is better for an overall production of energy, cost, and manageability, at a minor expense of efficiency. The hybrid MPPT uses two synchronous buck DC-DC converters to control both wind and solar. The hybrid MPPT performed at a maximum of 93.6% efficiency, while the individual controller operated at a maximum 97.1% efficiency when working on the bench test. When designing the controller to manage power production from a larger generator, the inductor size was too large due to the frequency provided by the Arduino. A larger inductor means less allowable current to flow before the inductor becomes over saturated, reducing the efficiency of the controller. Utilizing a different microcontroller like the PIC16C63A produces a much faster frequency, which will reduce the inductor size needed and allow more current before over saturation.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Physical activity monitoring using wearable sensors give valuable information about patient's neuro activities. Fall among ages of 60 and older in US is a leading cause for injury-related health issues and present serious concern in the public health care sector. If the emergency treatments are not on time, these injuries may result in disability, paralysis, or even death. In this work, we present an approach that early detect fall occurrences. Low power capacitive accelerometers incorporated with microcontroller processing units were utilized to early detect accurate information about fall events. Decision tree algorithms were implemented to set thresholds for data acquired from accelerometers. Data is then verified against their thresholds and the data acquisition decision unit makes the decision to save patients from fall occurrences. Daily activities are logged on an onboard memory chip with Bluetooth option to transfer the data wirelessly to mobile devices. In this work, a system prototype based on neurosignal activities was built and tested against seven different daily human activities for the sake of differentiating between fall and non-fall detection. The developed system features low power, high speed, and high reliability. Eventually, this study will lead to wearable fall detection system that serves important need within the health care sector. In this work Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol is used to communicate between the accelerometers and the embedded control system. The data transfer from the Microcontroller unit to the mobile device or laptop is done using Bluetooth technology.