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Estudio de educación sanitaria para mejorar el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna exclusiva en mujeres primíparas mediante el uso de areolas mamarias de cera de abejaPastor Pagés, Irene 10 July 2023 (has links)
Introducción. Las organizaciones y sociedades científicas recalcan que la lactancia materna genera beneficios a corto, medio y largo plazo, protegiendo al recién nacido de diversas enfermedades, la salud de la madre, la economía familiar, así como al planeta al no generar residuos. A pesar de ello, no llegamos a los objetivos de la OMS para 2025, que plantea que más del 50% de los recién nacidos se alimenten con lactancia materna al menos durante los primeros 6 meses de vida. Para la mujer no se trata de algo instintivo, se debe aprender y practicar y ha de constituir una experiencia agradable y placentera. Cualquier problema que aparezca, sobre todo al inicio de la lactancia, puede hacerla fracasar. Se ha demostrado la eficacia de la educación, información y apoyo ya desde la gestación, pero es necesario llevar a cabo más estudios sobre la protección y el tratamiento de las lesiones del pezón, ya que son unas de las principales causas de abandono de la lactancia materna. Por esta razón el objetivo a alcanzar con este estudio es determinar si el uso en la práctica clínica de areolas mamarias de cera de abeja junto con el programa de educación sanitaria de la OMS mejora el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna en mujeres primíparas en un periodo de seguimiento de seis meses con respecto al uso exclusivo del programa de educación sanitaria de la OMS. Material y métodos. Se trata de un estudio analítico experimental longitudinal prospectivo realizado en mujeres primíparas con deseo de amamantar a sus hijos/as. Se ha realizado una distribución aleatorizada de la muestra entre el grupo control (en el que solo se ha recibido el programa educativo de la OMS para el fomento de la lactancia materna) y el grupo intervención (en el que se aplicó una estrategia mixta, programa educativo y el uso de las areolas mamarias de cera de abeja). Los datos se obtuvieron a través de un cuestionario de salud preparto, en las primeras semanas postparto, a los tres meses y seis meses postparto. En el mismo momento, salvo a los seis meses, se les pasó el test de calidad de vida Eq-5D y el test EADG-18 de ansiedad y depresión de Golberg. La descripción y el análisis de los datos recogidos se realizaron en función de la naturaleza de los mismos mediante medias y desviaciones estándar o frecuencias absolutas y relativas y comparación entre grupos mediante los test t de student y chi cuadrado. También se ha realizado un análisis de regresión logística binaria en relación a si continuaban o no la lactancia a los 3 y 6 meses frente a las posibles variables implicadas. Todo el estudio estadístico se ha realizado con el programa IBM-SPSS versión 20, aceptándose un nivel de significación de p<0.05. Resultados. Los dos grupos previamente al uso de las areolas mamarias son idénticos en sus variables descriptivas cualitativas y cuantitativas. En el análisis de regresión logística binaria respecto al mantenimiento de la lactancia materna a los 3 y 6 meses, únicamente han entrado dos variables en el modelo, el tipo de parto (vaginal) no significativo, y la variable de mayor impacto, el uso de la areola mamaria. El 87,7% de las mujeres del grupo de intervención mantiene la lactancia materna a los tres meses postparto vs el 66,7% del grupo control. Del mismo modo, a los seis meses postparto, la lactancia materna continúa en un porcentaje mayor en el grupo de intervención frente al grupo control (76,3% vs 57,1%). Conclusión. Se confirma la hipótesis de que la utilización de las areolas mamarias de cera de abeja ecológica junto con el programa de educación sanitaria de la OMS mejora la instauración y el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna exclusiva en mujeres primíparas en comparación con abordar únicamente el programa de educación sanitaria.
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Geographic Variation in the Primary Burrowing Crayfish, Cambarus dubius Faxon and Cambarus carolinus (Erichson) (Decapoda: Astacidae) in Tennessee with Notes on Ecology and Life HistoryDewees, Joel P. 01 November 1972 (has links)
An investigation of Cambarus dubius and Cambarus carolinus was made in Tennessee to evaluate morphological Variation found in populations of these species and to determine aspects of life history and ecology. Taxonomic position and history of C. carolinus and C. dubius was reviewed and discussed. Three clines or possible subspecies in C. dubius were indicated in Tennessee based on both qualitative and quantitative evidence including: width and length of areola, shape and size of chelae, rostrum, central projection, mesial process, and color.
C. dubius populations from northern West Virginia and southern Pennsylvania were significantly different from populations to the south. C. carolinus could not be separated by quantitative measurements from C. dubius, but could be distinguished on the basis of the central projection and other qualitative characters. Color phases were discussed for both C. dubius and C. carolinus. The range for both species in Tennessee was discussed and the range limits for C. dubius delineated. Life history and ecological data were reported for C. dubius and indicated for C. carolinus.
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Geographic Variation in the Primary Burrowing Crayfish, Cambarus dubius Faxon and Cambarus carolinus (Erichson) (Decapoda: Astacidae) in Tennessee with Notes on Ecology and Life HistoryDewees, Joel P. 01 November 1972 (has links)
An investigation of Cambarus dubius and Cambarus carolinus was made in Tennessee to evaluate morphological Variation found in populations of these species and to determine aspects of life history and ecology. Taxonomic position and history of C. carolinus and C. dubius was reviewed and discussed. Three clines or possible subspecies in C. dubius were indicated in Tennessee based on both qualitative and quantitative evidence including: width and length of areola, shape and size of chelae, rostrum, central projection, mesial process, and color. C. dubius populations from northern West Virginia and southern Pennsylvania were significantly different from populations to the south. C. carolinus could not be separated by quantitative measurements from C. dubius, but could be distinguished on the basis of the central projection and other qualitative characters. Color phases were discussed for both C. dubius and C. carolinus. The range for both species in Tennessee was discussed and the range limits for C. dubius delineated. Life history and ecological data were reported for C. dubius and indicated for C. carolinus.
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Souvislost morfologie prsu a zahájení kojení / Effect of Breastfeeding Morphology on Breastfeeding InitiationKysilková, Lenka January 2020 (has links)
Lactogenesis II is critical stage of lactation and it is hindered by conditions like caesarean section, premature delivery, obesity, age, and parity. Previous studies have shown a connection between morphological characteristics of breast and nipple-areola complex and lactation onset. Higher number of areolar glands and their non-uniform distribution has been linked to earlier onset of lactation. Extremely large breasts and short nipples has been linked to breastfeeding difficulty. Aim of this study was to investigate relationship between morphological characteristics of breast and nipple-areola complex (number and distribution of areolar glands, nipple, areola, and breast area, protrusion of nipple and areola, and contrast of breast and areola) and lactation onset. For this purpose, we collected breasts and areolae photographs of 141 mothers one day postpartum in maternity ward in Prague and compared the morphological traits to lactogenesis II onset. We have found a non-uniform distribution of areolar glands with the highest abundance on upper lateral quadrant of areola. We found that right breast area tends to be bigger than left, and left nipple and areola tends to be longer than right. Parity had significant effect on lactation onset. No morphological characteristics have been linked to...
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Premonstrátský klášter a kostel sv. Jiljí v Milevsku / Premonstratensian Monastery and Saint Giles Church in MilevskoZelenková, Pavla January 2016 (has links)
This dissertation focuses on the constructing and architectonic development of Premonstratensian monastery and the church of St. Giles of Milevsko in the Middle Ages. The work is based on the older art historical literature and it evaluates the archaeological researches' findings in the locality as well as construction and historic researches of particular buildings, which were carried on with connection to the restitution of the site to the Premonstratensian order in the 1990s. The work demonstrates the Milevsko grounds picture and its construction as well as architectonic development from the establishment of the pre- monastery era in the eighth century until the Hussite's wars. The dissertation provides study of court with a church with apsis, stone Romanesque house and the basilica. It characterises the George of Milevsko personality as well as the significance of the abbot Jarloch. It analyses in detail the Roman architecture of St. Giles Church and attempts to interpret the procedure of its construction. Furthermore, it deals with the shape of the monastery's basilica and the description of Romanesque monastic buildings while comparing the premises to other monastic sites in this country. This dissertation also describes the architectonic boom of abbeys in the era of early Gothics as well as...
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