ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between knee integrity and function in patients who have had a total knee replacement. Twenty-two patients were selected at the arthroplasty clinics at the Johannesburg Hospital and Chris Hani Baragwaneth Hospital. This occurred at six weeks following a primary total knee replacement. Twenty-two subjects who participated in the study underwent two tests. The first test measured the patients’ functional ability using the Iowa Level of Assistance (ILOA) Scale. Knee integrity was measured using the Knee Society Knee Score. The two examiners were blinded to each other’s results. The results indicate that there is no relationship between knee integrity measured using the Knee Society Knee Score and function measured using the ILOA Scale (p= 0.19).

No description available.

abstract: Falls are the leading cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries in the older adult population with more than 27,000 fall related deaths reported every year[1]. Adults suffering from lower extremity arthritis have more than twice the likelihood of experiencing multiple falls resulting in increased fall-related injuries compared to healthy adults. People with lower extremity end-stage osteoarthritis(KOA), experience a number of fall risk factors such as knee instability, poor mobility, and knee pain/stiffness. At end-stage knee OA, the space between the bones in the joint of the knee is significantly reduced, resulting in bone to bone frictional wearing causing bone deformation. In addition, an impaired stepping response during a postural perturbation is seen in people with OA related knee instability. The most common treatment for end-stage knee osteoarthritis is a surgical procedure called, total knee replacement (TKR). It is known that TKR significantly reduces pain, knee stiffness, and restores musculoskeletal functions such as range of motion. Despite studies concluding that knee OA increases fall-risk, it remains unknown if standard treatments, such as TKR, can effectively decrease fall-risk. Analyzing the compensatory step response during a fall is a significant indicator of whether a fall or a recovery will occur in the event of a postural disturbance and is key to determining fall risk among people. Studies have shown reduced trunk stability and step length, as well as increased trunk velocities, correspond to an impaired compensatory step. This study looks at these populations to determine whether TKR significantly enhances compensatory stepping response by analyzing trunk velocities and flexions among other kinematic/kinetic variable analysis during treadmill induced perturbations and clinical assessments. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Biomedical Engineering 2019

La Prothèse Totale de Hanche Double Mobilité (PTH-DM) a été inventée pour conjuguer l’usure faible du concept de low friction tout en proposant une solution au problème de la luxation. La Double Mobilité présente différentes composantes et ses indications sont diverses.Une étude clinique à long terme a permis de définir les avantages et échecs de ce concept. Une complication spécifique est la Luxation Intra Prothétique (LIP) ou usure de la collerette de rétention de l’insert en polyéthylène. Différentes formes peuvent être rencontrées.L’objectif principal de notre travail était de comprendre le fonctionnement de la Double Mobilité, c’est-à-dire le rôle respectif des 2 mobilités et de la collerette ainsi que leurs profils d’usure.Les objectifs secondaires étaient de comprendre les échecs, le descellement de cupule et la luxation intra-prothétique et de définir des pistes d’optimisation de l’usure.Plusieurs techniques d’analyse d’usure, à différentes échelles ont été élaborées. La profilométrie mécanique permet d’étudier la rugosité de surface, la microscopie électronique à balayage recherche les mécanismes d’usure. La cartographie CMM permet d’appréhender les paramètres de forme et d’ondulation. Nous proposons une nouvelle technique pour augmenter l’analyse qualitative de l’usure. L’analyse FE complète ces moyens, qui ont été appliquées sur des explants. 3 groupes d’explants, constitués par les inserts ayant fonctionnés plus de 15 ans sans LIP, les inserts issus de LIP et les inserts récents, le dessin et le matériau de l’insert ayant été modifiés.Les trois groupes ont été comparés. La LIP a pu être identifiée comme liée à l’usure de la collerette. Cette usure est majoritairement composée par l’usure externe de la collerette, elle-même liée aux propriétés du col de la tige fémorale.Les explants de plus de 15 ans ont présenté une usure d’environ 45 mm3/an, comparable aux implants métal-polyéthylène. Les méthodes standard d’analyse d’usure radiographique ne peuvent pas être appliquées à l’analyse des PTH-DM. Les dimensions de la cupule métallique et les caractéristiques du col fémoral prothétique étaient les seuls facteurs influant sur l’incidence de LIP. Une ébauche de modélisation de fonctionnement de la PTH-DM a pu être proposée en se basant sur les données des explants. La deuxième mobilité, par son rôle de réserve de mobilité, permet de diminuer l’usure globale et doit être encouragée. La collerette de rétention constitue également un point clé du concept et possède un rôle dans la survie. / Dual Mobility Total Hip Arthroplasty (DM-THA) was invented to combine the low wear of low friction while providing the solution to the problem of dislocation. Dual Mobility has different components and indications are diverse. A clinical long-term study of a PTH-DM first line has identified the benefits and failures of this concept. A specific complication is Intra Prosthetic Dislocation (IPD. Different types of IPD can be encountered. The main objective of our work was to understand the functioning of the Dual Mobility, the respective roles of the two mobilities and retention and their wear profiles. Secondary objectives were to understand the failures, loosening of the cup and intra-prosthetic dislocation and define an optimization of wear. Material and Methods: Several wear analysis techniques at different scales have been developed. Mechanical profilometry was used to study the surface roughness, the scanning electron microscopy researched the mechanisms of wear. CMM allowed us to understand the shape and waviness parameters. We suggested a new technique to increase the qualitative analysis of wear. The FE analysis would complete these means, which were applied to the explants. 3 groups of explants, formed by the liners having functioned for over 15 years without IPD, IPD and more recent liners, the design and material of the insert having been changed. Results: The three groups were compared. IPD has been identified as related to wear of the rim. This wear was mainly composed by the wear of the outer side of the rim, which was itself related to the properties of the neck of the femoral stem. Explants over 15 years showed wear about 45 mm3/year, which was at least comparable to standard metal on polyethylene implants. Standard wear analytical methods could not be applied to the analysis of DM-THA. The dimensions of the metal back and characteristics of the prosthetic femoral neck were the only factors affecting the incidence of IPD. Discussion: A schematic model of the functioning of DM-THA has been given based on the data of the explants. The second mobility, through its role as a reserve of mobility, reduces the overall wear and should be encouraged. The retentive rim is also a key point in the design and has a role in the implant survival. The wear data were still incomplete and there will be further work to improve our work at the statistical level.