Diss. (sammanfattning) : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2008. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

The thesis goal was to evaluate the effect of selected breeding methods in Simmental cattle herd on chosen indicators calf birth weight, weight in the age of 120 and 210 days. The thesis deals with the evaluation of differences between sex and the comparison of calving seasons 2014 and 2015 and also shortly focus on the comparison of chosen sires and the evaluation of its effect on selected indicators. Proposal of measures in specific breeding based collected and statistically evaluated data in part of this thesis. As the first, using a linear model, analysed the effect of individual factors which can affect observed indicators was analysed. Afterwards the evaluation of difference between each factors category was done. Within first observed factor which was breeding method was found, that the best results are reached by embryotransfered calves with birth weight 46.81 kg, weight at 120 days 201.11 kg and weight at 210 days 318 kg. The weight at 210 days within artificial insemination group was only 304.33 kg and within natural breeding group 297.68 kg. Furthermore it was found that bulls reach better results in all observed indicators in comparison with heifers. In the light of birth difficultness is important birth weight which was 46.66 kg within group of bulls and 43.45 kg within group of heifers. Weight at 210 days was 321.59 kg, respectively 294.21 kg in case of heifers. It was also found that in 2015 the studied group of calves reached better results than in year 2014 in all observed indicators. Live weight in 210 days was 326 kg and 295.63 kg respectively. The evaluation of observed indicators according to sires showed that a sire significantly affects birth weight; however the effect was not significant on weight at 210 days. The best of compared sires was ZSI 478, birth weight of calves was 48.8 kg.

One of the requirements for a successful insemination in horse breeding is the selection of quality stallions which produced ejaculate in enough quantities and of good quality. For this purpose were discovered methods of dealing with the evaluation of semen quality. In this dissertation was ejaculate evaluated by using an objective computerized method CASA, system SCA. Monitoring the quality of sperm was performed on 11 breeding stallions involved in artificial insemination fresh sperm in ZH Písek. 53 samples of ejaculate were evaluated. Volume, sperm concentration, total and progressive motility and sperm vitality were monitored. Volume of ejaculate was from 20 to 127.5 ml. Average values of sperm concentration for individual stallions were from 104.18 to 384.4 M/ml. Average values of total motility were moving by interval from 51.23 to 89.54 %. Average progressive motility was move from 12.99 to 47.12 %. At sperm vitality were discovered average results from 35.16 to 71.21 %. The average value of individual stallions was identical to the Decree of the Ministry of Agriculture, which sets minimum requirements for quality indicators for short-term preservation of semen. Also the quality of the semen of stallions was compared by age. The first group was made by stallions to 10 years old and the second group were older stallions. It was found that the younger stallions to 10 years had higher semen volume and greater sperm concentration. Stallions older over 10 years had higher levels of total and progressive motility and sperm vitality. Next ejaculate quality was evaluate by the time interval between samples. Regular taken from stallions is doing better ejaculate quality but the time interval between samples is important. The best values were found in samples with interval between the sampling 4 or more days. The worst quality of sperm was in the samples with the interval between 1-2 days.

A inseminação artificial em caninos representa uma atividade importante no manejo reprodutivo desta espécie. O uso de sêmen resfriado, preservado por um determinado espaço de tempo, com a conservação da viabilidade espermática torna-se indispensável. Para a preservação a 4ºC torna-se necessário o conhecimento de curvas de resfriamento mais adequadas para um determinado diluente a ser utilizado. No presente experimento foram utilizados 11 cães adultos, dos quais foram colhidos 5 ejaculados de cada e que após exame imediato avaliando aspecto, volume, motilidade, vigor, concentração, HOST (teste hiposmótico), IME (integridade de membrana) e formas patológicas, foram submetidos a diluição com tris-gema. Após a diluição os ejaculados foram novamente avaliados quanto à motilidade, vigor, HOST e IME. Foram iniciados dois procedimentos de refrigeração dos ejaculados fracionados, um a uma velocidade de -0,1ºC/minuto e outro a -0,3ºC/minuto. Vinte quatro e quarenta e oito horas após foram avaliados motilidade e vigor nas duas amostras. Os exames de HOST e IME foram realizados após quarenta e oito horas de resfriamento. Diferenças quanto à qualidade do sêmen dos diferentes cães foram encontradas. Quanto as diferentes velocidade de resfriamento não foram observadas diferenças. Foram constatadas diferenças na qualidade do sêmen recém diluído e após o resfriamento, porém a qualidade do sêmen se manteve inalterada entre vinte e quatro e quarenta e oito horas após o resfriamento. / The artificial insemination in canines represents an important activity in reproductive management of this species. The use of chilled semen, preserved for a determined amount of time, with conserved spermatic viability has become a necessity. For the preservation at 4o C it has become necessary to know the most adequate chilling curve for the chosen extender. In this experiment, 11 adult dogs were used, who each contributed 5 ejaculates which were immediately examined for volume, motility, vigor, concentration, HOST (hyposmotic test), IME (membrane integrity) and pathological forms, and then diluted with tris-egg yolk. The ejaculates were mixed with extender then evaluated for motility, vigor, HOST and IME. Two cooling procedures were started on the fractionate ejaculates, one at a velocity of -0.1oC per minute and the other at -0.3oC per minute. Twenty-four and fortyeight hours later the two samples were evaluated for motility and vigor. The HOST and IME exams were performed forty-eight hours after chilling. Differences in semen quality were found between the different dogs. There were no differences with the two cooling rates. Differences were found in semen quality right after dilution and after the colling process; however semen quality shows no difference between twenty-four and forty-eight hours after chilling.

Em experimento conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da concentração da dose de sêmen e o horário da inseminação artificial a tempo pré-fixado, foram utilizadas 516 fêmeas bovinas. Os animais, das raças Aberdeen Angus (Bos taurus) e Braford (Bos taurus 5/8 x Bos indicus 3/8) eram constituídos de 270 novilhas e 246 vacas multíparas. Os animais foram submetidos a um protocolo de sincronização de estros e ovulação através de implante vaginal contendo 250 mg de Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona (MAP) associado a duas aplicações de Benzoato de Estradiol (BE), sendo a primeira de 2 mg IM por ocasião da inserção do implante e a segunda de 1 mg IM vinte e quatro horas após a retirada do mesmo. Quando da remoção do implante foram administrados 500 mcg de Cloprostenol Sódico. As inseminações foram efetuadas às 48, 54 ou 60 horas após a retirada do implante, utilizando para cada momento duas concentrações distintas de espermatozóides viáveis, 10 e 20 milhões por dose. Verificou-se que as fêmeas (em especial as novilhas) inseminadas às 48 horas com 20 milhões de sptz/dose apresentaram índice de prenhez significativamente maior do que as inseminadas no mesmo momento com 10 milhões sptz/dose. As vacas inseminadas com 10 milhões de sptz às 60h apresentaram melhor taxa de prenhez (p<0,05) quando comparadas às inseminadas com 10 milhões de sptz às 48h. O percentual de prenhez encontrado nas vacas foi significativamente maior que o das novilhas, assim como o verificado nas fêmeas Aberdeen Angus, comparadas às Braford. A taxa de prenhez de novilhas inseminadas a tempo fixo pode ser incrementada utilizando-se maior número de espermatozóides viáveis por dose inseminante. / The objective of this study was to analyse the effects of semen concentration and moment of fixed timed insemination on pregnancy rates in 516 beef cattle females of the Aberdeen Angus (Bos taurus) and Braford (Bos taurus 5/8 x Bos indicus 3/8) breeds. The females were constituted of 270 heifers and 246 multiparous cows. The animals were all submitted to a synchronization program consisting of vaginal implants of 250mg of medroxiprogesterone acetate (MPA) associated to application of 2mg IM of estradiol benzoate (EB).After 7 days the implants were removed and 500 mg of cloprostenol were injected at the time. After 24hs of implant removal 1mg IM of EB was injected. The inseminations were done 48, 54 and 60 hours after the removal of the implants and semen with 10 and 20 million viable spermatozoa per dosis was used. The females (specially the heifers) of the group inseminated 48 hours after implant removal and using semen with 20 million viable sptz showed a significant higher percentage of pregnancy than the inseminated 48 hours using 10 million viable sptz. The cows inseminated at 60 hours with 10 million sptz showed higher pregnancy rates (p<0,05) than cows inseminated at 48 hours with 10 million sptz. The total pregnancy rate achieved on the cows was significantly higher than on the heifers. The females of the A. Angus group had higher pregnancy rates than the females of the Braford breed. The pregnancy rate of heifers fixed-timed inseminated can be increased using a higher semen concentration.