Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Novas exigÃncias de mercado sÃo estabelecidas e com estas, novos modelos produtivos, com menor impacto ambiental, devem ser adotados para atender as necessidades dos consumidores, sem que resulte em prejuÃzos à produtividade do sistema. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiÃncia da bioestimulaÃÃo (Efeito Macho) pela taxa de concepÃÃo e pariÃÃo de cabras inseminadas artificialmente com sÃmen fresco. Para tanto, foram avaliadas a taxa de fertilidade e pariÃÃo de 73 cabras, pertencentes ao grupo genÃtico Saanen e seus mestiÃos com Anglonubiano, submetidas à inseminaÃÃo artificial, que tiveram o estro induzido e sincronizado pelo efeito macho. O experimento ocorreu durante os perÃodos chuvoso (marÃo-abril) e seco (agosto-setembro) de 2012. Foram coletados dados referentes Ãs variÃveis climÃticas (TA: temperatura ambiente; e UR: umidade relativa do ar) para o cÃlculo do ITU (Ãndice de temperatura e umidade). Os dados foram submetidos à anÃlise estatÃstica a 5% de probabilidade. O ITU foi mais elevado (P<0,05) para o perÃodo chuvoso, e assumiu valores acima dos ideais para caprinos, apresentando situaÃÃo de emergÃncia para o perÃodo chuvoso, e de perigo para o perÃodo seco. O efeito macho mostrou-se eficiente independente da Ãpoca do ano, resultando em 94,5% cabras em estro. A duraÃÃo do primeiro estro foi semelhante entre o perÃodo chuvoso e seco, com mÃdia geral de 23,4 horas. O intervalo entre inÃcio do efeito macho e manifestaÃÃo do estro de 11 dias, havendo uma maior manifestaÃÃo de estro (primeiro estro) logo na primeira semana para ambos os perÃodos. Em geral, 65% das cabras retornaram em estro, sendo o intervalo entre o inÃcio do efeito macho e a manifestaÃÃo do segundo estro foi maior (P<0,05) para o perÃodo chuvoso (27,8 dias), isto està relacionado ao tipo de ciclo estral, onde houve um maior (P<0,05) nÃmero de ciclos normais (20) para este perÃodo, e um elevado (P<0,05) nÃmero de ciclos curtos (15) para o perÃodo seco. A fertilidade para o perÃodo seco (57,6%) foi proporcionalmente superior ao perÃodo chuvoso (44,4%). No entanto, a taxa de pariÃÃo mostrou uma tendÃncia (P=0,57) a ser superior para o perÃodo seco. Esta menor taxa para o perÃodo chuvoso pode estar relacionado à alta variaÃÃo climÃtica observada durante o perÃodo experimental. Em geral, o segundo estro foi mais propÃcio à resultar em fertilidade, seja para o perÃodo chuvoso ou seco. Com isso, conclui-se que a inseminaÃÃo artificial de cabras com estro induzido e sincronizado pelo uso do efeito macho à um manejo que pode ser empregado para a produÃÃo de caprinos resultando em Ãndices reprodutivos satisfatÃrios. / New market requirements are established and with them, new production models it should be adopted to meet the consumers demands, without resulting in damage to system productivity, with less environmental impact. The aim this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Male Effect by fertility rate of goats inseminated artificially. Thus, we evaluated the fertility and calving rates of 73 goats belonging to genetic group Saanen and its crossbred. This does had their estrus induced and synchronized by the male effect and it were artificially inseminated with fresh semen. The experiment took place during the rainy (March-April) and dry (August-September) seasons of 2012. We collected data on climatic variables (RT: room temperature; and RH: relative humidity) for calculating the THI (temperature and humidity index). Data were analyzed statistically at 5% probability. The THI was higher (P<0.05) in the rainy season, and it assumed values above ideal for goats, with an emergency situation to the rainy season, and dangerous situation to the dry season. The male effect was effective regardless of season, it resulting in 94.5% of estrus. The duration of the first estrus was same between the rainy and dry season, it had a mean duration of 23.4 hours. The interval between the onset of the male effect and estrus was 11 days, and there was a greater manifestation of estrus (first heat) in the first week for both seasons. Overall, 65 % of goats returned in estrus, it been the interval between the onset of the male effect and second estrus manifestation was greater (P<0.05) during the rainy season (27.8 days). This is related to the estrous cycle length, where there was a greater (P <0.05) number of normal estrus cycles (20) during rainy season, and high (P <0.05) number of short estrus cycles (15) during dry season. The fertility during the dry season (57.6 %) was proportionally greater than rainy season (44.4 %). However, the calving rate showed a trend (P = 0.57) to be higher the dry season. This lower rate during rainy season may be related to high climate variability observed during this experimental period. The second estrus was more like to result in fertility, during rainy or dry season. This indicates that the artificial insemination of goats with induced and synchronized estrus by male effect is a management can be utilized in goat production systems resulting in satisfactory reproductive rates.

O presente trabalho foi delineado com o intuito de identificar os efeitos da inclusão da Gonadotrofina Coriônica Equina (eCG) antes e após a IA em vacas de corte submetidas a protocolos de IATF e conduzido na Fazenda Rancho 60, pertencente ao Grupo Agropecuária Fazenda Brasil (Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil). Para tanto, 901 vacas Nelores multíparas com média de 44 dias pós-parto foram sincronizadas, inseminadas em tempo fixo utilizando-se três touros (Aberdeen Angus) e nove inseminadores. Além disso, as vacas foram monitoradas por exames ultrassonográficos e/ou colheitas de sangue até os 30 dias após a IA. Taxas de sincronização, prenhez aos 30 e 60 dias foram mensuradas e as amostras de sangue foram avaliadas quanto à concentração de progesterona sérica. Foram avaliados os efeitos da inclusão de 300 UI de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) 2 dias antes e/ou 14 dias depois da IA e posteriormente avaliou-se também a influência do grupo genético e sexo dos bezerros no desempenho reprodutivo. Em suma, o tratamento com eCG após a IA não melhorou a fertilidade em vacas Nelore pós-parto, entretanto pode-se observar um incremento nas taxas de ovulação, prenhez aos 60 dias e aumento nas concentrações séricas de P4 nos animais que receberam eCG no D8. Quanto à influência da progênie na fertilidade das mães conclui-se que pode haver uma relação entre o sexo e raça dos bezerros na concentração circulante de P4 das progenitoras, entretanto estas variáveis não influenciaram na fertilidade da vaca submetida à IATF no período pós-parto. / The present work was designed to identify the effects of a treatment with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) before and post-AI in beef cows submitted to TAI protocols. The experiment was conducted at Rancho 60 Farm, belonging to Grupo Agropecuaria Fazenda Brasil (Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil). For this, 901 multiparous Nellore cows with 44 days post-partum were synchronized, inseminated at fixed time using semen of three bulls (Angus). In addition, cows were monitored by ovarian ultrasonography and/or blood sampling until 30 days post AI. Ovulation rate, and pregnancy rates at 30 and 60 days were evaluated and blood samples were analyzed for serum progesterone concentration. The effects of treatment with 300 IU of eCG 2 days before and/or 14 days after AI were evaluated, as well as the influence of the breed and gender of their calves in the reproductive performance. In general, treatment with eCG after AI did not improve fertility in post-partum Nelore cows, however, it was detected an improvement in ovulation rate and pregnancy rate at 60 days and an increase in serum progesterone concentrations in cows that received eCG at Day 8. There was no effect of gender and breed of calves on fertility of the dams; however these variables influenced circulating progesterone post AI.

Em experimento conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da concentração da dose de sêmen e o horário da inseminação artificial a tempo pré-fixado, foram utilizadas 516 fêmeas bovinas. Os animais, das raças Aberdeen Angus (Bos taurus) e Braford (Bos taurus 5/8 x Bos indicus 3/8) eram constituídos de 270 novilhas e 246 vacas multíparas. Os animais foram submetidos a um protocolo de sincronização de estros e ovulação através de implante vaginal contendo 250 mg de Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona (MAP) associado a duas aplicações de Benzoato de Estradiol (BE), sendo a primeira de 2 mg IM por ocasião da inserção do implante e a segunda de 1 mg IM vinte e quatro horas após a retirada do mesmo. Quando da remoção do implante foram administrados 500 mcg de Cloprostenol Sódico. As inseminações foram efetuadas às 48, 54 ou 60 horas após a retirada do implante, utilizando para cada momento duas concentrações distintas de espermatozóides viáveis, 10 e 20 milhões por dose. Verificou-se que as fêmeas (em especial as novilhas) inseminadas às 48 horas com 20 milhões de sptz/dose apresentaram índice de prenhez significativamente maior do que as inseminadas no mesmo momento com 10 milhões sptz/dose. As vacas inseminadas com 10 milhões de sptz às 60h apresentaram melhor taxa de prenhez (p<0,05) quando comparadas às inseminadas com 10 milhões de sptz às 48h. O percentual de prenhez encontrado nas vacas foi significativamente maior que o das novilhas, assim como o verificado nas fêmeas Aberdeen Angus, comparadas às Braford. A taxa de prenhez de novilhas inseminadas a tempo fixo pode ser incrementada utilizando-se maior número de espermatozóides viáveis por dose inseminante. / The objective of this study was to analyse the effects of semen concentration and moment of fixed timed insemination on pregnancy rates in 516 beef cattle females of the Aberdeen Angus (Bos taurus) and Braford (Bos taurus 5/8 x Bos indicus 3/8) breeds. The females were constituted of 270 heifers and 246 multiparous cows. The animals were all submitted to a synchronization program consisting of vaginal implants of 250mg of medroxiprogesterone acetate (MPA) associated to application of 2mg IM of estradiol benzoate (EB).After 7 days the implants were removed and 500 mg of cloprostenol were injected at the time. After 24hs of implant removal 1mg IM of EB was injected. The inseminations were done 48, 54 and 60 hours after the removal of the implants and semen with 10 and 20 million viable spermatozoa per dosis was used. The females (specially the heifers) of the group inseminated 48 hours after implant removal and using semen with 20 million viable sptz showed a significant higher percentage of pregnancy than the inseminated 48 hours using 10 million viable sptz. The cows inseminated at 60 hours with 10 million sptz showed higher pregnancy rates (p<0,05) than cows inseminated at 48 hours with 10 million sptz. The total pregnancy rate achieved on the cows was significantly higher than on the heifers. The females of the A. Angus group had higher pregnancy rates than the females of the Braford breed. The pregnancy rate of heifers fixed-timed inseminated can be increased using a higher semen concentration.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-06T12:44:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ellen Cordeiro Bento Silva.pdf: 751581 bytes, checksum: b7e4f33697071f1105ffa3e9cf312bdc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T12:44:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ellen Cordeiro Bento Silva.pdf: 751581 bytes, checksum: b7e4f33697071f1105ffa3e9cf312bdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Aiming to evaluate the effect of adding different cryoprotectants (glycerol, ethylene glycol or acetamide) and antioxidants (resveratrol and quercetin) on in vitro viability of ram thawed semen samples, four adult males, Santa Ines crossbred, were used. After collect semen using an artificial vagina, aliquots of semen were evaluated macroscopic and microscopically and the pool of semen was divided and diluted in Tris-yolk medium, according to experiments and experimental groups. For the Experiment I, which evaluated the cryoprotectants addition, the experimental groups were classified as: G1 = Tris-yolk egg + 5% glycerol, G2 = Tris-yolk egg + 3% ethylene glycol, G3 = Tris-yolk egg + 5% ethylene glycol; G4 = Tris-yolk egg + 2% acetamide, G5 = Tris-yolk egg + 7% acetamide. However, the Experiment II, which were used the antioxidant treatments, was divided in three sub experiments: Exp 1 [resveratrol (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μg/mL, respectively, R0, R5, R10, R15 and R20)]; Exp 2 [quercetin (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μg/mL, respectively, Q0, Q5, Q10, Q15 and Q20)], and Exp 3 [without antioxidant (RQ0), 10 μg/mL of resveratrol (R10), 5 μg/mL of quercetin (Q5), and 10 μg/mL of resveratrol + 5 μg/mL of quercetin (R10Q5)]. After dilution, aliquots of semen were packed in straws (0.25 mL), frozen (-196 °C) and evaluated after thawing (37 oC/30 seconds) for progressive motility (PM), vigor, plasma membrane integrity (PMi), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and acrosome integrity (ACi). It was found that in Experiment I, G1 showed higher PM (P<0.05) than G3, G4 and G5; vigor was higher (P<0.05) than G4 and G5; and PMi higher (P<0.05) than G2, G3, G4 and G5. However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) among groups on the MMP and ACi parameters. In Experiment II, there was no difference among groups on the PM, vigor, PMi and ACi. MMP had significant difference (P<0.05) among experimental groups of their three sub experiments. So, in Exp 1, R0 group (36.67±8.01%) was higher than R20 (22.33±6.16%); in Exp 2, Q0 group (36.25±8.12%) was higher (P<0.05) than Q10 (9.33±6.54%), Q15 (6.25±5.98%) and Q20 (5.17±5.08%), and the Q5 (20.58±12.05%) was higher (P<0.05) than Q15 (6.25±5.98%) and Q20(5.17±5.08%) groups; and in Exp 3, RQ0 group (39.00±16.79%) was higher (P<0.05) than Q5 (18.00±13.76%) and R10Q5 (14.42±7.47%) groups. It can be concluded that glycerol (5%) is more effective in protecting ram spermatozoa submitted to deleterious effects of freezing than ethylene glycol (3 and 5%) and acetamide (2 and 7%); the addition of resveratrol and quercetin phenolic antioxidants, alone or in combination, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential of sperm frozen ram; and other studies should be performed to evaluate different concentrations and the effect of the addition on the fertility rate of ewes inseminated artificially. / Objetivando-se avaliar o efeito da adição de diferentes crioprotetores (glicerol, etileno glicol ou acetamida) e antioxidantes (resveratrol – R e quercetina – Q) na viabilidade in vitro de amostras congeladas de sêmen ovino, foram utilizados quatro reprodutores adultos, mestiços da raça Santa Inês. Após colheita com vagina artificial, alíquotas de sêmen foram avaliadas macroscópica e microscopicamente e o pool de sêmen foi subdividido e diluído em Tris-gema, de acordo com os experimentos e grupos experimentais. No Experimento I, no qual foram avaliados os crioprotetores, os grupos experimentais foram classificados como: G1 = Tris-gema + 5% de glicerol; G2 = Tris-gema + 3% de etileno glicol; G3 = Tris-gema + 5% etileno glicol; G4 = Tris-gema + 2% de acetamida; e G5 = Tris-gema + 7% de acetamida. Em contrapartida, o Experimento II, no qual foram utilizados os tratamentos com antioxidantes, foi dividido em três subexperimentos: Exp. 1 [resveratrol (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 μg/mL, respectivamente, R0, R5, R10, R15 e R20)]; Exp. 2 [quercetina (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 μg/mL, respectivamente, Q0, Q5, Q10, Q15 e Q20)]; e Exp. 3 [sem antioxidante (RQ0), 10 μg/mL de resveratrol (R10), 5 μg de quercetina/mL (Q5), e 10 μg/mL de resveratrol + 5 μg/mL de quercetina (R10Q5)]. As alíquotas de sêmen, devidamente diluidas, foram então envasadas em palhetas (0,25 mL) e congeladas (-196 oC), sendo avaliadas após descongelação (37 oC/30 segundos) quanto a motilidade progressiva (MP), vigor, integridade de membrana plasmática (iMP), potencial de membrana mitocondrial (PMM) e integridade do acrossoma (iAC). Constatou-se que no Experimento I, o G1 apresentou MP superior (P<0,05) a G3, G4 e G5; vigor superior (P<0,05) a G4 e G5 e iMP superior (P<0,05) a G2, G3, G4 e G5, sem evidenciar diferença significativa (P>0,05) para PMM e iAC. No Experimento II, não se verificou diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os grupos para os parâmetros MP, vigor, iMP e iAC. O PMM apresentou diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre os grupos experimentais de seus três subexperimentos, de modo que no Exp. 1, o grupo R0 (36,67±8,01%) foi superior ao R20 (22,33±6,16%); no Exp. 2, o grupo Q0 (36,25±8,12%) foi superior (P<0,05) ao Q10 (9,33±6,54%), Q15 (6,25±5,98%) e Q20(5,17±5,08%), assim como o Q5 (20,58±12,05%) foi superior (P<0,05) ao Q15 (6,25±5,98%) e Q20 (5,17±5,08%); e no Exp. 3, o grupo RQ0 (39,00±16,79%) foi superior (P<0,05) ao Q5 (18,00±13,76%) e R10Q5 (14,42±7,47%). Conclui-se que o glicerol (5%) é mais eficaz na proteção dos espermatozoides ovinos submetidos aos efeitos deletérios da congelação do que o etileno glicol (3 e 5%) e a acetamida (2 e 7%), e que a adição dos antioxidantes fenólicos resveratrol e quercetina, isolados ou em associação, reduz o potencial de membrana mitocondrial de espermatozoides ovinos submetidos à congelação, devendo outros estudos serem realizados visando avaliar diferentes concentrações, bem como o efeito da adição na taxa de fertilidade de ovelhas inseminadas artificialmente.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-06T14:22:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Espedito Vieira do Nascimento FIlho.pdf: 496869 bytes, checksum: 403721a22853dfcd934160ced2fc9b81 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T14:22:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Espedito Vieira do Nascimento FIlho.pdf: 496869 bytes, checksum: 403721a22853dfcd934160ced2fc9b81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-26 / Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of Eazi-Breed CIDR® new and reused in long and short protocols in synchronization of estrus and ovulation in ewes. The first study evaluated the reproductive performance of ewes in the program of fixed-time artificial insemination protocol with progesterone protocol on short (five days) and long (twelve days) of progesterone in the synchronization of estrus and ovulation. 48 sheep were used randomly in two experimental groups and GC GL. Ewes were treated with Eazi- Breed CIDR®, for twelve days in the CG (n = 24) and five days in GL (n = 24). Upon removal of the device all the females of the groups received, by intramuscular 12.5 mg dinoprost tromethamine and 300 IU of eCG. All females were inseminated at fixed time by transcervical 50 hours after removal of the device. The synchronization of estrus occurred in 100% of the sheep and the diagnosis of pregnancy was performed at 30 days after insemination, however, the pregnancy rate was 33.3% and 41.7% in the GC% in the GL, not being observed statistical difference (P> 0.05). The results show that the protocols using short-and long Eazi-Breed CIDR® are satisfactory in synchronization of estrus inewes for artificial insemination in fixed time, but low rate of pregnancy. the second experiment, has been to evaluate the effect of re-use of intravaginal implants on the pregnancy of sheep. 55 sheep were used in Santa Inês breed. These were distributed randomly into three experimental groups and GI (Eazi-Breed CIDR® in the first use) and GII (Eazi-Breed CIDR® in the second use) for five and 12 days and GIII (Eazi-Breed CIDR® in the third use) for five days. Ewes were treated with an progesterone Eazi Breed CIDR® inserted in the anterior portion of the vagina and after implant removal was applied 300UI of equine chorionic gonadotropin, and 12.5 mg of tromethamine dinoprost, both through intramuscularly. Synchronization of estrus occurred in 100% of ewes in all groups GI, GII and GIII. The diagnosis of pregnancy by ultrasound was performed at 30 days after the coverage and rate of pregnancy of the GI was 82 and 91%, GII 91% for both treatments and in GIII 82% not being observed differences statistics (P> 0.05). The results show thatthe protocols with short and long Eazi-Breed CIDR® reused is satisfactory in the reproductive performance of crossbred sheep of Santa Inês. / Foram conduzidos dois experimentos para avaliar a utilização do Eazi-Breed CIDR® novo e reutilizado em protocolos longos e curtos na sincronização do estro e da ovulação em ovelhas. No primeiro estudo avaliou-se o desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas em programa de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo com protocolo curto (cinco dias) e longo (doze dias) de progesterona na sincronização do estro e da ovulação. Foram utilizadas 48 ovelhas distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais GC e GL. As ovelhas foram tratadas com Eazi-Breed CIDR®, por cinco dias no GC (n=24) e por 12 dias no GL (n=24). No momento da retirada do dispositivo todas as fêmeas dos grupos receberam, por via intramuscular 12,5 mg Dinoprost Trometamina e 300 UI de eCG. Todas as fêmeas foram inseminadas em tempo fixo por via transcervical 50 horas após a retirada do dispositivo. As sincronizações do estro ocorreram em 100,0% das ovelhas e o diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado no 30º dia após a inseminação, no entanto, a taxa de prenhez foi de 33,30% no GC e 41,70%% no GL, não sendo observado diferença estatística (P>0,05). Os resultados permitem concluir que os protocolos curtos e longos utilizando Eazi-BreedCIDR® são satisfatórios na sincronização do estro em ovelhas para inseminação artificial em tempo fixo, porém, baixa taxa de prenhez. No segundo experimento, teve-se o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da reutilização de implantes intravaginais sobre a prenhez de ovelhas. Foram utilizadas 55 ovelhas da raça Santa Inês. Estas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais sendo GI (Eazi-Breed CIDR® em primeiro uso) e GII (Eazi- Breed CIDR® em segundo uso) por um período de cinco e 12 dias e GIII (Eazi-Breed CIDR® em terceiro uso), durante cinco dias. As ovelhas foram tratadas com um dispositivo de progesterona Eazi Breed CIDR® inserido na porção anterior da vagina e após a retirada do implante, aplicou-se Gonadotrofina Coriônica Eqüina, na dose de 300UI e 12,5 mg de Dinoprost Trometamina, ambos pela via intramuscular. A sincronização do estro ocorreu em 100,0% das ovelhas em todos os grupos GI, GII e GIII. O diagnóstico de gestação através da ultra-sonografia foi realizado aos 30 dias após a cobertura e a taxa de prenhezdos grupos GI foi de 82,0 e 91,0%, GII 91,00% para os dois tratamentos e no GIII de 82,00% não sendo observado diferenças estatísticas (P>0,05). Os resultados permitem concluir que os protocolos curtos e longo com Eazi-Breed CIDR® reutilizado é satisfatório no desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas mestiças da raça Santa Inês.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2017-04-26T14:22:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco da Silva Alves Pinheiro Neto.pdf: 921233 bytes, checksum: b1c400716d08c4c8eda9b498ec02ec89 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-26T14:22:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco da Silva Alves Pinheiro Neto.pdf: 921233 bytes, checksum: b1c400716d08c4c8eda9b498ec02ec89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aim of this study was to compare the results of different protocols of Timed Artificial Insemination (TAI) using sexed semen on reproductive effciency in Girolando cattle. Sixty two heifers were used, being clinically health with a body condition between 2,5 and 3,5, divided randomly into 03 groups: control (n = 21), FSH / LH (n = 21) and eCG (n = 20). All animals received the same hormonal treatment to synchronize estrus, consisting in placing on D0 (5:00 PM) intra-vaginal device with 750 mg progesterone (P4), and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB). In D8 (5:00 PM) device were removed and 2 mL of prostaglandin (0.500 mg cloprostenol) was administered. On D9 all animals received 1 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) (5:00 PM), and were inseminated on D11 at 5:00 PM, 60 hours after device removal. On D8, heifers were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Control group without FSH / LH and eCG; Group FSH / LH - 25 IU FSH and LH administered after device removal, Group eCG - 300 IU eCG administered after device removal. Heifers were examined by ultrasonography 35 days after AI for pregnancy diagnosis and 45 days or evaluation of embryonic death. The pregnancy rate for control groups, FSH / LH and eCG were respectively 19%, 28% and 35%. Data were analyzed by chi-square, with 5% significance level. No signicant difference was seen between-groups. When it was compared control group and eCG Group in heifers that were not cycling there was a significant difference in pregnancy rate. It is concluded that in cycling animals, eCG and FSH / LH does not interfere with pregnancy rates, however in those heifers that were not cycling or had smaller than 8 mm follicles, eCG had a favorable effect thereby increasing substantially the results. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o resultado de diferentes protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF), utilizando-se sêmen sexado sobre a eficiência reprodutiva em novilhas Girolando. Foram utilizadas 62 novilhas clinicamente hígidas e com escore corporal entre 2,5 e 3,5 , divididas aleatoriamente em 03 grupos: controle (n=21), FSH/LH (n=21) e eCG (n=20). Todos os animais receberam o mesmo tratamento hormonal para sincronização do estro, consistindo na colocação de dispositivo intra-vaginal com 750 mg de progesterona (P4) no D0 às 17:00 horas e aplicação de 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE). No D8 às 17:00 horas foram retirados os implantes e aplicado 2 ml de prostaglandina (0,500 mg cloprostenol). No D9 todos os animais receberam 1 mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE) ás 17:00 horas. E foram inseminadas no D11 às 5:00 horas, isto é 60 horas após retirada do implante. No D8, as novilhas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em 3 Grupos. Grupo controle sem FSH/LH e eCG, Grupo FSH/LH – 25 UI de FSH e LH aplicados na retirada do implante, Grupo eCG – 300 UI de eCG aplicados na retirada do implante. As novilhas foram examinadas por ultrassonografia 35 dias após a IA para diagnóstico de gestação e aos 45 dias para avaliação de perda embrionária. O percentual de prenhez para os grupos Controle, FSH/LH e eCG foram respectivamente 19%, 28% e 35%. Os dados foram avaliados pelo teste do Qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Ao avaliarmos a taxa de prenhez entre o Grupo Controle e o Grupo eCG em novilhas que não estavam ciclando houve uma diferença significativa. Conclui-se que em animais cíclicos, a eCG e o FSH/LH não interferiram nas taxas de prenhez. Entretanto quando comparado com os animais acíclicos ou que tinham folículos menores que 8 mm, a eCG teve um efeito favorável melhorando substancialmente os resultados.

Ph.D. (Zoology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

This thesis deals with legal and ethical aspects of assisted reproduction. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the current legal regulation of assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic, in comparison with the legal system of selected countries. Further aim is to expose the legal regulation's deficits and suggest possible solutions de lege ferenda, particularly with regard to scientific developments and ethical attitudes of the current society. The thesis is divided into six chapters, including the introduction and conclusion. The introductory chapter outlines the issue of assisted reproduction and denotes individual areas on which the thesis will focus. The first chapter deals with the various methods of assisted reproduction and with the term of infertility from the perspective of medical and historical perspective. The second chapter focuses on the legal regulation of individual areas of assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic. Among others, these areas consist of the constitutional protection of the human embryo, the determination of parenthood, the issue of surrogacy, gamete donation and disposition of embryos. The third chapter deals with a comparison of legal framework in selected states. As a representative of the Anglo-American system was chosen United Kingdom of Great Britain and...

Summary: The goal of this thesis is to monitor legal rights available to homosexual couples in order to establish a family. In the first part, I am trying to clarify what kind of social unit is currently considered to be called a family. Further in the first part I am analysing the most common means of getting an offspring available for homosexual couples. I also analyse the way those means are regulated in Czech Republic, prospectively I am presenting influence of the Strasbourg court on the evolution of subject legal frame in Europe. The main mean of gay couples to obtain a descendant, for the purpose of this thesis, is the artificial insemination method, which is analyzed in detail in the second part. I am both concerned about the historical evolution of it and its social picture and acceptation. Further I narrow my focus to application of this method for lesbian couples and I present studies to show how families with two mothers are working. Presented studies are held in both psychological and sociological point of view and they show, if and how the child is affected with growing up with homosexually oriented parents. In the third part I analyze artificial insemination from the legal point of view. First I introduce legal regulation in liberal European countries which I consequently compare with the...

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most widespread parasitic protozoa in humans in developed countries. It has a wide range of hosts including various warm-blooded animals and humans. Recent studies suggest that it could influence the fertility of humans. The aim of this work was to find out, what is the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in groups of women and men with fertility problems and whether Toxoplasma gondii has an effect on specific fertility parameters. In women, Significant positive correlation between toxoplasmosis and the percentage of oocytes in the follicles was found among women. Group of men with semen pathology diagnosis revealed a statistically significant negative association between toxoplasmosis and the percentage of morphologically normal sperm. It seems that latent toxoplasmosis in men can also worsen the negative effect of tobacco smoking on fertility. The impairment of fertility in men could be the result of the manipulation activity of Toxoplasma gondii, which leads to more frequent sexual intercourse due to decreased ability to conceive. This could increase the likelihood of sexual transmission, which is currently suggested as one of the possible ways of transmission of toxoplasmosis.