The work undertaken explored the potential for discovery of new bioactive metabolites from soil fungi. The research developed selective mycological isolation techniques and maximised metabolite production from active selected fungi by application of the OSMAC approach and concept of hormesis. Novel active compounds were discovered and many other known compounds characterised.

The work undertaken explored the potential for discovery of new bioactive metabolites from soil fungi. The research developed selective mycological isolation techniques and maximised metabolite production from active selected fungi by application of the OSMAC approach and concept of hormesis. Novel active compounds were discovered and many other known compounds characterised.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1964. / Typescript. Vita. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 25 (1965) no. 7, p. 3812. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 262-270).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:04:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4459_1.pdf: 457353 bytes, checksum: 7adc150c92f13c1019d6807e0b555e96 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Folhas sadias de Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa e Rhizophora mangle, foram coletadas nos períodos de estiagem (novembro/01 e fevereiro/02) e chuvoso (junho/02 e julho/02), no manguezal do Rio Paripe, na Ilha de Itamaracá, Pernambuco, Brasil, a fim de se verificar a micota endofítica presente nesses vegetais. Segmentos das folhas foram superficialmente esterilizados e semeados em placas de Petri com Batata- Dextrose-Ágar acrescido de cloranfenicol, sendo mantidas em temperatura ambiente (28º±2ºC). Foram isolados 24 táxons pertencentes a 19 gêneros, sendo também isoladas 15 amostras de Mycelia sterilia de coloração clara e escura. Guignardia sp. e Colletotrichum gloeosporioides predominaram, apresentando elevado número de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC). O percentual de assinalamento de fungos no período de estiagem (59%) diferiu significativamente daquele no período chuvoso (41%). Maior número de espécies endofíticas foi isolado em L. racemosa. Provavelmente Hormonema, Scopulariopsis e Sphaerosporium estão sendo citados pela primeira vez como endofíticos em regiões tropicais. Chloridium virescens var. virescens, Microsphaeropsis arundinis, Penicillium pinophilum, Periconia cambrensis, Phoma herbarum, Phomopsis archeri, P. diachenii, P. obscurans, Sordaria prolifica e Torula elisii provavelmente estão sendo mencionados pela primeira vez em regiões tropicais. Guignardia sp. constitui uma nova espécie para a ciência

From General Introduction: Toward the last half of the nineteenth century, the structure and mode of development of the ascocarp has aroused much interest. De Bary (1887) recognised the fruiting bodies of the Ascomycetes as 'compound sporophores' made up of interwoven hyphae or of pseudoparenchyma consisting of a peripheral layer separate from an inner tissue. These fruiting bodies included the discocarp or apothecium, the pyrenocarp or perithecium and the cleistocarp or cleistothecium. The name, Pyrenomycetes, has been variously applied to a group of Ascomycetes but mainly to the perithecial types, inclusive of the true perithecia and the loculate forms. The perithecium itself was described as a 'cup-shaped discomycetous' sporocarp with margins incurved to form a pyriform structure (de Bary, 1887). The presence or absence of a stroma had been long considered as a basis for the separation of the major groups of the Ascomycetes. Separation on these grounds was found unacceptable as it grouped together clearly unrelated species or separated related ones. As the subdivisions of the pyrenomycetous Ascomycetes are dependent upon the morphological features of the ascocarp, it would be pertinent to discuss the following: a) The Stroma. b) The various forms of ascocarp which mayor may not be associated with such a stroma. i) Perithecia: free or immersed in a stroma. ii) Uni- or multiloculate stromata. c) The centrum, the details associated with the centrum and the use of these details in the taxonomy of the pyrenomycetes.

Syftet med studien var att etablera Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS) och onlinedatabasen Mass Spectrometry identification platform(MSI) som metod för identifiering av dermatofyter och mögelsvamp. Svamparna inkuberades 3 eller 6 dagar aerobt i 30°C på Sabouraud dextros agar. Två olika extraktionsmetoder användes innan analys med MALDI-TOF MS. Spektra analyserades med Flexcontrol version 3.4 och resulterade i scorevärde. De spektra som framkom skickades även till MSI för ytterligare analys där resultat erhölls som sannolikhet i procent. Av de ursprungliga 23 st prov identifierades totalt 22st(95,6%) efter 3 eller 6 dagars inkubation och med extraktionsmetod 1 eller 2. MSI databasen var mer omfattande än den interna databasen, men använde sig inte av de aktuella namnen. Behovet av artidentifiering kan ifrågasättas, då många dermatofyter och mögel inom samma släkte behandlas på samma sätt. Artbestämning för immunsupprimerade patienter kan däremot vara viktigt. Studien var lyckad och metoderna kommer tillämpas inom en snar framtid på Klinisk Mikrobiologi i Halmstad. / The purpose of this study was to establish Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS) and the online database Mass Spectrometry identification platform(MSI) as a method for identification of dermatophytes and molds. The fungi were incubated 3 or 6 days aerobic in 30°C on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Two different extraction methods were used before analysis with MALDI-TOF MS. Spectra analyzed with Flexcontrol version 3.4 resulted in score values. The same spectra was later sent for analysis with MSI and the result obtained was seen as probability in percent. Of the original 23 samples a total of 22(95,6%) samples were identified after 3 or 6 days of incubation and by extraction method 1 or 2.  The MSI database was more comprehensive than the internal database, but did not use the current fungi names. The necessity of species identification can be questioned, since dermatophytes and molds within the same genera is treated the same way. Species identification for immunosuppressed patients could however be significant. The study was successful and the methods will be applied within a near future in the Clinical Microbiology laboratory in Halmstad.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-08-18T12:46:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação_Mayra_UFPE.pdf: 2413612 bytes, checksum: 9f70369a6f1003763649d91e64aaee5d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-18T12:46:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação_Mayra_UFPE.pdf: 2413612 bytes, checksum: 9f70369a6f1003763649d91e64aaee5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / CAPES / A mata ciliar desempenha importante papel para manutenção da qualidade da água, mas o monitoramento da água de uma bacia hidrográfica é essencial para prever possíveis impactos causados nos corpos hídricos. Nos ecossistemas aquáticos, os hifomicetos desempenham um papel importante na cadeia alimentar, pois são capazes de decompor a matéria orgânica e, consequentemente, contribuem com a ciclagem de nutrientes. As áreas de Mata Atlântica abrigam alta riqueza e diversidade de hifomicetos em ambiente aquático e as comunidades desses fungos são influenciadas pelos parâmetros abióticos da qualidade da água. Visando determinar a diversidade e composição da comunidade de hifomicetos aquáticos em duas áreas de Mata Atlântica no estado de Pernambuco e correlacionar essas comunidades com os fatores abióticos da água, foram realizadas cinco coletas de água e folhas submersas no período de agosto/2014 a maio/2015 (REBIO Saltinho e RVS Gurjaú), em seis locais de cada área. Amostras de folhas foram lavadas, cortadas (1cm2) e incubadas em temperatura ambiente, em placas de Petri contendo água destilada esterilizada. Amostras de água foram analisadas para caracterizar a qualidade da água através dos parâmetros: temperatura, pH, concentração de oxigênio dissolvido e condutividade elétrica. A inspeção diária de fragmentos foliares, ao microscópio, permitiu o registro de 46 táxons de hifomicetos com 3.351 ocorrências em 2.400 fragmentos, sendo 38 táxons e 2.221 ocorrências em 1.200 fragmentos para a REBIO Saltinho e 37 táxons e 1.130 ocorrências em 1.200 fragmentos para o RVS Gurjaú. Houve predomínio de Endophragmiella sp., Monotosporella sp. e Triscelophorus monosporus em ambas as áreas. As áreas são similares em número de táxons, diversidade e equitabilidade, porém, são diferentes quando é levada em consideração a composição da comunidade de hifomicetos e também a dominância de espécies. De modo geral, as áreas apresentaram valores adequados para as variáveis indicativas da qualidade da água e foi observado, com base na análise Bio-Env (r= 0,40; p= 0,001), que a estrutura da comunidade de hifomicetos apresentou correlação com a temperatura, pH e oxigênio dissolvido. No presente estudo foram descritas três novas espécies de hifomicetos de material submerso: Xylomyces acerosisporus, Pyramidospora quadricellularis e Codinaea aquatica. Pyramidospora fluminea e Verticicladus hainanensis são citadas pela primeira vez para o Brasil. Há maior ocorrência de hifomicetos em ambientes aquáticos com leve turbulência das águas e a estrutura da comunidade de hifomicetos aquáticos é influenciada pela qualidade da água. Áreas de Mata Atlântica sob proteção ambiental abrigam alta diversidade de hifomicetos colonizadores do folhedo submerso, reforçando a importância da preservação das matas ciliares para manutenção dos corpos hídricos e da comunidade de fungos. / The riparian vegetation performs an important role to the maintenance of water quality, but monitoring of the water in a watershed is essential to predict potential impacts in the water bodies. In aquatic ecosystems, hyphomycetes carry out an important role in the food chain as they are capable of decomposing organic matter and therefore contribute to the nutrient cycling. The areas of rainforest are home to high hyphomycetes richness and diversity in aquatic environments and the communities of these fungi are influenced by abiotic parameters of water quality. Aiming to determine the diversity and community composition of aquatic hyphomycetes in two areas of Atlantic Forest in the state of Pernambuco and to correlate these communities with the abiotic characteristics of the water, five collections of water and submerged leaves were carried out from August/2014 to May/2015 (REBIO Saltinho and RVS Gurjaú) in six locations in each area. Leaf samples were washed, cut (1cm2) and incubated at room temperature, in petri dishes containing sterile distilled water. Water samples were analyzed to characterize the quality of the water through the parameters: temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity. The daily inspection of leaf fragments in the microscope allowed the registration of 46 taxa and 3.351 occurrences of hyphomycetes in 2.400 fragments, 38 taxa and 2.221 occurrences in 1.200 fragments for REBIO Saltinho and 37 taxa and 1.130 occurrences in 1.200 fragments for RVS Gurjaú. There was a predominance of Endophragmiella sp., Monotosporella sp. and Triscelophorus monosporus for both areas. The areas are similar considering number of taxa, diversity and evenness, however, they are different when the composition of the hyphomycetes community is taken into account and also when the dominance of species is regarded. In general, the areas had adequate values for the variables indicative of water quality and it has been observed, based on the Bio-Env analysis (r = 0.40; p = 0,001), that the hyphomycetes community structure presented correlation with temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. In the present study, three new species of hyphomycetes were described from submerged material: Xylomyces acerosisporus, Pyramidospora quadricellularis and Codinaea aquatic. Pyramidospora fluminea and Verticicladus hainanensis are cited for the first time to Brazil. There is a higher occurrence of hyphomycetes in aquatic environments with mild turbulence of the water. The structure of the aquatic hyphomycetes community is influenced by water quality. Atlantic Forest areas under environmental protection house a high diversity of hyphomycetes that colonizes submerged leaf litter, reinforcing the importance of preserving riparian forests for the quality of water bodies and the fungal community.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Ecology and Biodiversity / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

In this investigation an analytical study of the distribution and characteristics of the lipids and fatty acids of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum was made utilizing gas-liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and periodate-permanganate degradation.Triglycerides and free fatty acids were the most abundant lipid classes in 32 hour cultures of both species. In A. niger, total lipid of dry weight varied from 2.7% to 6,1% while P. chrysogenum ranged from 1.1% to 2,2%. The per cent water in the wet mycelium varied from 97.1% to 97.7i% for A. niger and ranged from 94.4% to 95,1% in P. chrysogenum.In A. niger, saturated fatty acids from octanoic (C8) to behenic (C22) were found with palmitic (C16) being the most abundant. No cyclopropane structures were found on the saturated acids present, Monoenoic acids from dodecenoic acid (C12:1) through oleic acid (C18:1) were found. Linoleic and linolenic acids were the only dienoic and trienoic acids present. Similar patterns were found in h. chrysogenum. In all cultures linoleic (Cl8:2) was more abundant than either oleic (C18:1) or linolenic (C18:3)Periodate-permanganate oxidation of oleic acid extracted from A. niger gave products indicating that the double bond was in the 9 position, Linoleic acid appeared to have double bonds in the 9 and 12 positions while double bonds in linolenic acid occupied the 6, 9 and 12 positions.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2010. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-255). Also available via the World Wide Web.