Th. univ.--Pharm.--Montpellier 1, 1981.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Graduate Dentistry, 1983 (Dental Public Health). / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 27). / The American Dental Association has specified requirements for dental assisting students’ clinical experiences. Dental assisting programs which are not located within dental schooIs must utilize extramural clinical facilities to provide required clinical experience for their students. A survey of fifty five directors of dental assisting programs in the northeastern United States was conducted to gather information relevant to extramural clinical facilities. The results indicated that the majority of programs used extramural programs but there was a variation in the methods of clinical training. This study examined the type of extramural facilities utilized, the dental specialties practiced at each site, contractual and evaluation procedures, and clinical requirements of dental assistant students.

The primary focus of this thesis is to examine the utilization of paralegals in the job market. A summary and analysis of the paralegal role will include career development, level of academic education, and employment outlook.

Thesis (Ed.D.) -- University of Glasgow, 2009. / Ed.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Studies, University of Glasgow, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Graduate School of Education, Oral Roberts University, 2004. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-142).

The purpose of this study was to examine PA students’ perceptions of their professional training program in relation to stressors imparted by the hidden curriculum of the community of practice during the didactic and clinical years. The cross-sectional study design involved 50 in-person, semi-structured interviews (divided evenly between students in didactic and clinical cohorts) at one Physician Assistant training program in the New York City metropolitan region. Interviews sought to improve understanding about perceptions of stressors, particularly those imparted by the hidden curriculum, and examine mitigating factors within the community of practice. Highlights of results were that daunting stresses in the didactic year were mitigated by faculty support, camaraderie among students, and, at times, students accessing important student services such as psychological counseling. The stressors were exacerbated by disorganized teaching mainly by guest lecturers, including frequent absences, which was perceived by students that their time was not a priority. The stressors of heavy course loads dwindled during the clinical year but were replaced by others related to the hidden curriculum of the medical hierarchy, including occasional depersonalization of patients, teaching by humiliation, and favoritism shown to medical students. The community of practice for Physician Assistant students is highly stressful and psychologically precarious. The culture of PA education would do well to strongly encourage self-care and a greater balance between professional preparation of mental and physical well-being in order to encourage professionalism, improve patient care, and cultivate higher levels of job satisfaction and well-being among students.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 239-246).

Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 236 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-209).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eligibility, selection, assignment, and evaluation of high school students as cadet teachers in selected secondary schools in Indiana.More specific Interrelated purposes of the research were: (1) to provide knowledge about current practices and programs of cadet teachers; (2) to gain insights into the mechanics of the processes of eligibility, selection, assignment, and evaluation of cadet teachers; (3) to discover new methods for improvement of the existing cadet teacher program at the writer's school of employment; and, (4) to contribute significant data as to assist other secondary administrative personnel in implementing a cadet teacher program in their respective school.This study was delimited only to twelve secondary schools in Indiana which were selected as being representative of all public schools within the state.Instruments employed to collect the data included : (1) self-administered questionnaires which were completed by the principal or his delegated representative; and, (2) focus interviews which were held by the writer with the school principal or his delegatedrepresentative..The findings of this comparative study were based on data collected from questionnaires completed by secondary school principals and from focus interviews with selected school principals. Selected administrative and instructional factors included: scholastic requirements, scholastic grade level, experience or membership, application procedure, selection guidelines, selection responsibility, assignment procedure, evaluation procedure, and elimination process.The writer discovered essential differences in the organization and administration of the twelve secondary schools' cadet teacher programs. The organizational structure of the program of cadet teaching was recognized as beneficial and justifiable yet designed, for the most part, by the number of participants involved instead of overall philosophy.Respondents in all cases were in basic agreement that the cadet teacher program is only a relatively young idea and definitely undeveloped. The interviewed secondary school principals also agreed that they welcomed any recent investigations into the organization and administration of cadet teachers; most literature available relates not to the student as a cadet teacher but to the application of "teacher aides" and "paraprofessionals."The cadet teacher programs studied revealed the support of the use of senior level students as cadet teachers. Most agreed to the application of some form of scholastic eligibility. The principals encouraged the related background experiences or membership in a related organization as necessary for appropriate consideration as a cadet teacher. The utilization of official application procedure was also advocated in various formats.The findings of this study supported the selection of all eligible cadet teacher candidates for classroom assignment. The selection and assignment process was strongly evidenced in most cases to be the responsibility of an assigned cadet teacher sponsor. Acceptance was recognized but not encouraged for the classroom teacher to take an active role in selecting a specific cadet teacher. Also, similiar acknowledgement was provided the cadet teacher role in selecting a specific classroom teacher for assignment.The respondants provided support for a permanent assignment in cadet teaching. Also, they favored the program of assigning a cadet teacher to a classroom teacher for only a specific single period per school day. However, it was possible for the classroom teacher to be assigned more than one cadet teacher during the same period of instruction. Evidence was discovered that some type of course background or prerequisite for assignment was strongly encouraged.Evaluation of the cadet teacher was found to be of an individual procedure; lacking administrative guidelines or policies. It was strongly evidenced that the cadet teacher receive both a letter grade and credit for his experience. A procedure for elimination of an inadequate or incompetent cadet teacher was strongly spelled out and supported.

In today's society, there exists an ever-growing concern over the serious deficit in the primary physician services. With the high cost of health care consistently rising, increased demands are being made for better health care practices. The problems now facing the medical profession emphasize the lack of supply, distribution, organization, utilization, and financing of physician services.The problems of helath care are not mutually exclusive of one another; but rather, they are interrelated and dependent. The problems have manifest themselves in overburdened physicians, rapidly rising medical costs, lack of appropriate use of equipment and facilities, lack of any medical care and services in many rural areas, maldistribution of physicians in urban areas, and delays in seeking medical care by the population.During this time when medical schools are re-examining the objectives and potentialities of their programs, schools of allied health professions are developing and expanding their "non-physician" programs. One of these allied health professions receiving a great deal of attention is the physician assistant. The physician assistant, however, has not been readily accepted into established medical practice. Questions concerning minimum educational standards, licensing, legal responsibility, professional roles, and future professional goals have been raised.The present investigation was undertaken in order to determine the impressions of practicing, licensed physicians in the state of Indiana concerning the utilization, roles, and acceptance of the physician assistant concept. More specifically, this study was designed to determine what, if any, relationship between descriptive aspects of the physician and his practice and his impressions concerning the utilization of the physician assistant in medical practice. The descriptive aspects of the physician population included: medical specialty, age of physician, number of years in practice, type of practice, size of practice, the location of the practice, military experience, distance to urban areas, distance to nearest hospitals, and number of new patients seen each day.The population for this study consisted of a 10 per cent random sample of physicians practicing in Indiana during 1972. The questionnaire utilized was constructed and items selected on the basis of job descriptions, tasks, and functions presented or proposed, in some form, in clinical settings, physician assistant training programs, and to physician assistants throughout the country.The practice of quality medicine mandates that physicians be a conservative group and not take extreme positions. If confronted with a "rating-scale" type of answer, responses might tend to fall in the middle ranks. For this reason, a forced choice (yes or no) type of questionnaire was developed. Each item was designed to measure the impressions and opinions of the physician toward some aspect of the role concept for the physician assistant.A questionnaire was mailed to each of the sample members. Included with each questionnaire was: 1) an explanatory letter introducing the study, 2) an addressed, stamped envelope to be used in returning the survey form. At three week intervals, a follow-up survey form was sent to those sample members who had not returned the form. This was done for two follow-up periods to ensure maximum return.The data was handled in two ways. Initially, the data was handled in a descriptive manner; that is, a simple frequency count was done to see how physicians as a group answered each question or statement. Next, the physician population was categorized and each of the variables was measured. The statistical method used for this study was the chi square (x2) method.The mailing questionnaire was chosen as the method of data collection because it was inexpensive, successful with individuals of higher socioeconomic groups, larger sample size, and bias of the researcher minimum to results.The sample for this study consisted of a ten per cent random sample. The study was initiated in April, 1973, and terminated in September, 1973. A total of 451 questionnaires were mailed to the population sample. Of these, 225 were returned, accounting for a 51.3% questionnaire return.Of the physicians surveyed, 38.8% practiced general medicine. Genreal surgery accounted for 11.0% of the sample. The remainder was made up of various specialties. It was also observed that 32.0% of the physician sample were in the age range of 41-50 years and 28.4 were in the age range of 51-60 years. Only 2.7% of the physicians were under 30 years and 3.1% over 70 years.Of the physicians sampled, 34.4% had been practicing medicine for over 30 years and 53.9% of the physicians practiced alone. Only 1.4% of the physicians were retired.Of the physician sample, 49.8% saw from 26-50 patients each day and over 42% practiced in urban areas greater than 100,000 population. Only 8.1% of the physicians were practicing in areas of 5,000 or less population.With respect to military experience, 77.1% practiced medicine in the military.With a breakdown in regards to distance to nearest urbanarea (100,000 population), 45.4% were within 10 miles and 15.5% were located in areas greater than 50 miles from urban areas. Furthermore, 90.6% of the physicians were located within 10 miles of a hospital.It was observed that 72.1% of the physicians saw from 0-5 new patients each day; 6% saw more than 25 new patients each day.An analysis of the data revealed that physicians as a group agree with the philosophy of the physician assistant concept. The majority of physicians felt that the physician assistant should be trained through approved academic programs which were under the direction of recognized medical schools. In conjunction with this, the physicians felt that standardization in terms of quality and program content was desirable. It was interesting to note that only 79.7% of the physicians felt that standardization was necessary.Many felt they would rather train the physician assistant themselves for the specific needs of their own practice. Some physicians felt that the training programs could be offered through local hospital training schools and not only through medical schools.The next area of interest dealt with legal responsibility. Only 25% of the physicians responding felt that the physician assistant should be legally responsible for his performance.Almost 66 percent of the physicians said that the physician assistant should be permitted to write certain prescriptions. Also 41% said that the physician assistant should be able to write patient orders in the hospital.The majority of physicians felt that the physician assistant should be able to detect abnormal signs and symptoms and make preliminary diagnoses based on the results of such examinations and report these on patients' permanent records or charts. Nearly 52% of the physicians said that their patients would accept the physician assistant to take care of them when they were sick.Approximately 75% felt that the role of the physician assistant overlaps that of the registered nurse.Most of the sample did not feel that the widespread use of the physician assistant would reduce the present quality of health care. Related to this, almost 79% of the physician sample felt that present health care delivery services need to be restructured.The most quoted salary range for the physician assistant was in the 8 to 10 thousand dollar range.Most physicians stated that if they were to employ a physician assistant, they would devote more time to existing patients.Approximately 16% of the Indiana physicians, at present, employ a physician assistant and nearly 64% said they would consider employing a physician assistant in the future.On the basis of the data collected from this survey of physicians concerning the utilization of the physician assistant in Indiana, the following conclusions are made:(1) The majority of physicians feel that the physician assistant should be trained in approved programs.(2) Only 25% of the physicians feel that the physician assistant should be legally responsible for his performance.(3) The majority of physicians feel that the physician assistant should be permitted to write certain prescriptions.(4) The majority of physicians feel that the physician assistant would be accepted by their patients.(5) Nearly three-fourths of the physicians feel that the role of the physician assistant overlaps that of the registered nurse.(6) Nearly 70% of the physicians felt that health care delivery needs to be restructured in order to better meet patient needs.(7) Most physicians would utilize more time to existing patients if they were to employ a physician assistant.(8) The vast majority of physicians feel that the physician assistant is a valuable member of the health care team and will improve the quality of patient care.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306