• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Diferen?as de g?nero na produ??o de associa??es livres de palavras atrav?s do ciclo sono-vig?lia

Pegado, Jo?o Felipe de Souza 20 April 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoFSP_DISSERT.pdf: 3447270 bytes, checksum: 39c94faa709bc806d9f8e00564df8952 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Although several studies, have shown differences in cognitive performance between men and women, it not yet known whether these differences occur in tasks involving free association of words (WA). Studies across the sleep-wake cycle (SWC) suggest that rapid eye movement sleep (REM) favors semantic flexibility, in comparison with pre-sleep waking (Pre-WK), slow-wave sleep (SWS) and post-sleep waking (Post-WK). The present work has two aims: (1) to evaluate the semantic distances of word pairs produced by AP, comparing men and women, (2) to evaluate semantic distance in word pairs produced by free association across the SWC in young adults of both sexes. To achieve aim (1), we applied a task of WA in 68 adult volunteers during waking (52 women and 16 men). The WA task consisted of writing the first word that came to mind after viewing another word offered as a stimulus (root Word). To achieve aim (2), we performed polysomnography to identify specific stages of the SWC. The experimental subjects were then awakened (if they were asleep) and were immediately given a WA task. The task was administered to 2 groups of 10 subjects each (G1 and G2). G1 subjects were stimulated with the same set of root words after waking from various states of SWC, while G2 subjects received sets of different root words at each state of the SWC. In the absence of a Portuguese corpus suitable for the measurement of semantic distances, the words collected in our experiments were translated to English, and semantically quantified within a systematic and representative corpus of that language (Wordnet). This procedure removed the polysemies typical of Portuguese, but preserved the semantic macrostructure common to both languages. During waking, we found that semantic distances are significantly lower in WA produced by women, in comparison with the distances observed in men. Through the SWC, there were no statistically significant differences in G1. In G2 women, we detected a significant increase of semantic distances upon being awakened from SWS. In contrast, G2 men showed a significant increase in semantic distances upon being awakened from REM. The results of the first experiment are consistent with the notion that women have a more concrete reasoning than men. The results of the second experiment indicate that men awakened from REM present more flexibility in word association than when being awakened from other states. In contrast, women showed more flexible word association after being awakened from SWS, in compared with other states. The results indicate that the cognitive flexibility attributed to different states of the SWC shows gender dependency / Embora diversos estudos demonstrem diferen?as no desempenho cognitivo, entre homens e mulheres, ainda n?o se sabe se essas diferen?as ocorrem em tarefas que envolvam associa??o livre de palavras (AP). Estudos atrav?s do ciclo sono-vig?lia (CSV) sugerem que o sono de movimento r?pido dos olhos (MRO) favore?a a flexibilidade sem?ntica, em compara??o com a vig?lia pr?sono (V-Pr?), o sono de ondas lentas (SOL) e a vig?lia p?s-sono (V-P?s). O presente trabalho teve 2 objetivos: (1) Avaliar as dist?ncias sem?nticas de pares de palavras produzidas por AP, comparando homens e mulheres; (2) Avaliar dist?ncias sem?nticas em palavras produzidas por associa??o livre, atrav?s do CSV em adultos jovens de ambos os sexos. Para alcan?ar o objetivo (1), aplicamos uma tarefa de AP em 68 volunt?rios adultos durante a vig?lia (52 mulheres e 16 homens). A tarefa de AP consistiu em listar por escrito a primeira palavra pensada ap?s visualizar outra palavra oferecida como est?mulo. Para alcan?ar o objetivo (2), realizamos registro polissonogr?fico para identificar fases espec?ficas do CSV. Os sujeitos experimentais foram ent?o despertados (caso estivessem em sono) e foram imediatamente submetidos a uma tarefa de AP. Administrou-se a tarefa de AP a 2 grupos de 10 pessoas cada (G1 e G2). Sujeitos de G1 foram estimulados com o mesmo conjunto de palavras-raiz ap?s despertar dos diversos estados do CSV, enquanto que sujeitos de G2 receberam conjuntos de palavras-raiz diferentes a cada estado do CSV. Na aus?ncia de um corpus em portugu?s adequado para ? mensura??o de distancias sem?nticas, as palavras coletadas foram traduzidas para o idioma ingl?s, e semanticamente quantificadas em um corpus representativo e sistem?tico desse idioma (Wordnet). Esse procedimento retirou as polissemias t?picas do portugu?s, mas preservou a macroestrutura sem?ntica comum ?s duas l?nguas. Na vig?lia, verificamos que as dist?ncias sem?nticas s?o significativamente menores nas AP produzidas por mulheres, em compara??o com as dist?ncias sem?nticas verificadas em AP realizadas por homens. Atrav?s do CSV, n?o foram detectadas diferen?as estatisticamente significativas em G1. Em mulheres de G2, detectamos um aumento significativo das dist?ncias sem?nticas ap?s despertar de SOL. Em contraste, homens de G2 apresentaram um aumento significativo das dist?ncias sem?nticas ap?s despertar de MRO. Os resultados do primeiro experimento s?o compat?veis com a no??o de que as mulheres possuem um racioc?nio mais concreto do que homens. Os resultados do experimento 2 indicam que homens despertados durante o MRO apresentam AP mais flex?veis em compara??o com as AP produzidas ap?s vig?lia ou ap?s despertar de SOL. Mulheres apresentaram resultados distintos, com AP mais flex?vel ap?s despertar de SOL, em compara??o com os outros estados. Os resultados indicam que a flexibilidade cognitiva atribu?da a diferentes estados do CSV apresenta depend?ncia de g?nero

Page generated in 0.0814 seconds