Taking Chang Hua Irrigation Associations as a main object, the main issue of this paper is to research the political role the Irrigation Associations played. To examine the political role it played, qualitative analysis as well as cross-examination method are used. Not only from the view point of the organization, function and importance of the Irrigation Associations, but from the problems extend from internal elections of the Irrigation Associations and elections outside of the Irrigation Associations such as so-called ¡§black-gold,¡¨ local power struggle, party interruption, etc. to verify that the Irrigation Associations does play a active role in politics. In the beginning, the Irrigation Associations is hypothethized as politically active from a network viewpoint. To explain this hypothesis, this paper is categorized into six chapters. The title of Chapter Two through Chapter Five is listed as follows: Chapter Two: The structure of Irrigation Associations in Taiwan and their roles and functions Chapter Three: The structure of Chang Hua Irrigation Associations and it role and functions Chapter Four: The political function of Chang Hua Irrigation Associations Chapter Five: The election activities of Chang Hua Irrigation Associations After peeling all these infrastructures off sequentially, the evidences indicate that the polical role of the Irrigation Associations is related closely to governmental elections and ungovernmental elections. In addition to that, according to Mr. Che-Shen Chen, the election itself is already related to the ¡§Three Network.¡¨ Finally, the analysis above is matched with the proposal in this paper. During the researching process, I found that: 1. The formation of Irrigation Associations: In addition to historical factor, the main reason is that the leader had been called ¡§economical mayor.¡¨ Having the ability to influence elections, the election of the member of the Irrigation Associations is always coveted by every local powers. The election of the leader of the Irrigation Associations is another factor to make itself politically active. 2. The result of election system: The election system of Irrigation Associations is changed from indirect to direct election. The change also make the involvement of ¡§black-gold,¡¨ local power, party, etc. different. 3. Firm structure of the Irrigation Associations: The cooperation and involvement of the members of the Irrigation Associations are very high and strong. As a result, the influences on elections can not be overlooked or underestimated by any party.

Tesis de doctorado--Sociología--Granada--Universidad de Granada, 2005. / Bibliogr. p. 323-341.

Thèse, Fribourg.

Thesis--Münster i.W.

archives@tulane.edu / This dissertation centers on the study of Kaqchikel word associations and the social variation that exists within them. Theoretical and methodological considerations for this project stem from the fields of psycholinguistics, variationist sociolinguistics, and cognitive linguistics. Together, these form an approach that fits within a blossoming program of cognitive sociolinguistics that seeks to understand the social drivers and functions of linguistic knowledge. Word associations were gathered from bilingual Kaqchikel-Spanish participants in Guatemala through a free association task, then quantitatively analyzed to see how patterns of association responses correlate with social factors including town identity, age, gender, and language dominance as defined through social and habitual use. Three dependent variables of response language, distribution of shared and idiosyncratic responses, and distribution of response types across participants were targeted to observe whether these different aspects of association patterns significantly corresponded with culturally-relevant and meaningful Kaqchikel social groups. While most participants overall responded in Kaqchikel, there did appear to be an effect of language dominance on response language. Language dominance also seemed to have an effect on group consensus within broad association networks. Town identity, however, was more often a significant factor on whether participants shared specific links among stimulus words and responses. The findings from this dissertation research offer new insights into how associative knowledge of language can be tied to social and cultural factors as they specifically relate to speakers of an indigenous Mayan language that is Kaqchikel. / 1 / Rebecca J. Moore

No description available.

No description available.

Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Hist.--Lyon 2, 1991. Titre de soutenance : Le phénomène associatif, 1850-1914, Associations et groupements divers sans but lucratif dans l'arrondissement de Villefranche-sur-Saône. / Bibliogr. p. 135-139.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin, 1970. / Typescript (Photocopy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 162-167).

Diss.--Aachen. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.