The value of secondary brand associations has been discussed in the literature for decades. Companies are transferring their brand building to retailers (Bruwer, Li et al. 2002 ), therefore, it is very important to understand the impact of retailers on the product brand and consumers’ decision making processes when considering other relevant sources of brand associations. However, in the wine environment, few published studies have been carried out to examine the association with retailers. Thus, the primary aim of this study is to examine whether this association transfers value to the image of wine brand and influences consumers’ behaviour. Also, the impact of ethnicity on the consumer’s decision making process will be taken into account. This research specifically provides insight into Christchurch’s wine retailing industry. Owing to the limited time and resources, the wine drinking community in Christchurch has been divided into two groups (European and Non-European). Europeans (150) and Non-Europeans (50) were recruited for the sample. Two research models and six main hypotheses were established to analyze the relationships between brand associations, perceived brand image and consumer behaviour. Research was conducted to collect quantitative data by using questionnaires, including rating scales and multiple choice questions. Face to face interviews and self-administered methods were employed. Participants were recruited by using a combination of convenience sampling, quota sampling and random sampling. A statistical programme called the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. From the results it was found that associations including the packaging, characteristics, quality, country of origin, producer of the wine, retailer or staff qualities have a positive impact on the spending on wine. In particular, the kinds of retailers make differences to consumers’ expected wine budgets. The results also suggested that the evaluation patterns and perceptions of wine are different in the two ethnic groups.

Doctor of Philosophy / Division of Biology / Keith B. Gido / This dissertation consists of three research-based chapters which focus on habitat association of prairie stream fishes and how these fish communities influence stream ecosystem properties. Chapter one introduces important concepts used throughout the chapters, and describes my study streams. In chapter two, I identify local habitat factors associated with the diversity and density of fishes in two protected prairie watersheds. Specifically, the relative importance of habitat factors associated with fish communities were evaluated along a stream-size gradient and across multiple seasons and years. I found that species richness was positively associated with pool area and discharge. Redundancy analyses showed common prairie fish species exhibit ontogenetic habitat associations, with adults in deep and juveniles in shallow pools. Chapter 3 addresses how fish species richness in small prairie streams affects whole-stream metabolism and biomass distribution of benthic organic matter, algal and macroinvertebrates. This study was conducted by stocking experimental stream mesocosms that included pool-riffle habitats with three different communities that represent a gradient of species richness of headwater prairie streams from one to three common prairie stream fish species. I illustrated how species influence ecosystems across multiple spatial scales and found that different communities altered the distribution of algal biomass from benthic surfaces to floating mats and from pools to riffles. The objective of the fourth chapter was to quantify how two size classes of herbivorous prairie stream fish species, central stoneroller Campostoma anamolum and southern redbelly dace Chrosomus erythrogaster differentially affect stream ecosystem properties. This study was also conducted in experimental stream mesocosms, where each unit consisted of one riffle and one pool. Using ANOVAs, I found large dace were associated with longer filaments (F = 7.5, P = 0.002, df = 4) and small fishes with less benthic organic matter (F = 4.2, P = 0.02, df = 4). There was no evidence for ontogenetic shifts in diet and likely differences in energetic requirements and behavior drove the differences among treatments. My research finds that small-bodied prairie stream fishes have predictable habitat preferences and effects on stream properties are dependent on species identity, richness and size structure.

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1958 T38

LD2668 .T4 1962 K78

Background: The authors tentatively believe they have identified a new trend within branding, where an established brand launches a new and innovative product that is somehow related to the brand’s core values, interactively through a complementary marketing communication video. Support for the relevance to further investigate the identified trend can be found in academic literature. Due to today’s competitive marketplace, several researchers emphasize the importance to further explore and evaluate creative customer-based brand equity-building strategies. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the identified trend and whether this identified trend can assist in building customer- based brand equity. The authors of this thesis use the Volvo LifePaint campaign as a case for the study. The research questions concerns what associations consumers make to the launched product when being exposed to its complementary marketing communication video, and whether these associations are transferable to the brand. Method: The method of this research was qualitative and the primary data collection was collected through 10 semi-structured interviews, as well as observations through netnography. Conclusion: Based on the findings from the case study, the authors conclude that the identified trend may serve as a creative branding strategy for an established brand, to assist in building customer-based brand equity. However, the authors noticed that unfavorable associations also may be created and transferred, which potentially can harm the brand.

Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / Union Régionale des Coopèratives d’Epargne et de Crédit (URCOOPEC) is a network of 10 savings and credit cooperatives, established in 1990 by UNDP in Chad to support the government’s strategy of strengthening and improving access to financial services to the population. All the cooperatives are located in and around N’djaména the capital city of Chad. URCOOPEC has developed as a microfinance model owned by the community that is able to help the poor population that is excluded from the formal financial services accessing these services. Despite its potential of reaching people even in remote areas, literature about previous studies in other countries has indicated that sustainability of savings and credit cooperatives is hampered by the issues in corporate governance, management, skills, product development amongst others. This study examines the viability of this model in the context of Chad; particularly it examines the conditions for which this model can better contribute to financial sector development in Chad. The findings reveal that the model was helpful and accepted by many users at its earlier stage. However, weaknesses in corporate governance, credit management and shortage of skills have led this URCOOPEC into difficulties. There is a need for training of technical staff and for the board to develop more products, sensitize the members about their rights and duties. URCOOPEC also needs financial support from government and donors as well as linkage with commercial banks to better contribute to the provision of financial services to the population.

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

Social conflict is common in many nations around the world. Tensions often arise from cultural misunderstandings and disagreements over national and group membership in multicultural populations. France offers a particularly clear example of such unrest. As a contemporary multi-ethnic, multicultural nation, France advocates both the belief in universal human rights as well as assimilationist policies designed to create a singular majority culture. North African immigrants and Pied-Noir repatriates are two groups at the center of recent debate in France. Both have historical ties to colonial French North Africa, but now reside within the modern French state. Each offers a unique case study of alternative strategies related to cultural negotiation and social tension as both groups currently demand recognition as French citizens and minorities. This dissertation analyses how North African and Pied-Noir minority communities in France engage discourses of history, culture, and identity to create a hospitable place for themselves in the French nation by redefining themselves both as minorities and as active citizens. One primary mechanism through which these groups achieve these goals is cultural associations, or social clubs. Cultural associations were legalized in 1901 and have not yet found a well-established role in France. Minorities use this institutional fluidity to develop concurrently their national and minority identities. Within such associations, they develop performances for both minority and outside audiences, engage contemporary French understandings of "culture," and acquire attention and resources needed to enact social change. One of the recurring tropes in such performances is the display of minority history and the role minorities play in French history. Through analysis of such activities this dissertation argues that these groups create new conceptions of national membership through their assertion of their right to be members in the French nation while retaining their cultural difference.

Research suggests that optimising affect during exercise may be key to exercise adherence (Van Landuyt, Ekkekakis, Hall & Petruzzello, 2000; Williams et al. 2008; 2012). Recent advances in this area have explored factors that contribute to affective responses in adult populations (Ekkekakis, 2003), but whilst it has been hypothesised that these factors are the same for children and adolescents they have not been explored systematically in the same way. As such, one aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationships between affect and physical activity in child and adolescent populations. Following on from this, a further aim was to explore the factors that contribute to affective responses. Given the research that suggests positive affect experienced during exercise may result in enhanced adherence to physical activity (Williams et al. 2012), the final aim of this study was to determine how to elicit the most positive affective responses during an acute exercise session. This thesis comprises a review of relevant literature, and six study chapters which were the result of three empirical studies; two acute exercise studies and one questionnaire based study. The findings of Study 1 demonstrated that, as with adults, affective responses declined after the onset of ventilatory threshold in both children and adolescents, indicating that to achieve optimum affective responses, particularly with younger children, exercise needs to be prescribed at an intensity below the ventilatory threshold. The findings from studies 2 - 4 highlighted specific factors that contribute to affective responses, reporting that preference for, and tolerance of, different exercise intensities may be an important factor to consider when prescribing exercise (studies 2 & 4). Results also showed that affective associations with physical activity played a significant role in determining overall physical activity behaviour (study 3). The findings from studies 4 and 5a and b revealed that encouraging adolescents to self-select their own exercise intensity may elicit a more positive affective response during the exercise session compared to the affective responses elicited during a prescribed exercise session. This thesis provides substantial evidence to support the link between affect and physical activity in children and adolescents. More specifically, it highlights several important factors that should be considered when attempting to enhance affective responses during an acute exercise session.