No description available.

No description available.

Older individuals are known to adopt a less efficient breathing strategy than young adults during exercise. Whether different strategies are adopted by young and master athletes matched for height, weight and training volume during incremental and constant running is unclear.  In the first part of this thesis, it was demonstrated that during an incremental run to exhaustion and an 8 minute constant intensity run at 90% maximal aerobic speed, master athletes regulate their breathing less efficiently than young athletes.  Major differences in breathing regulation were also observed within the young athletic group (between individuals and between tests) indicating a heterogeneity of response in this population that was, at least partly, linked to baseline expiratory flow rates. An original approach (<i>i.e. </i>using urinary levels of the lung specific protein CC16 to detect a possible disruption of the airway epithelium during exercise in young athletes) was used in the second part of the thesis.  In the first instance, an increase in urinary CC16 after a short period of hyperpnoea of dry air in all the individuals studied (<i>i.e.</i> trained and untrained subjects with and without asthma) was demonstrated.  By comparing the response of summer and winter athletes it was then established that the rise of CC16 post-challenge was independent from the usual environment in which athletes train.  Finally, it was shown that the rise of urinary CC16 is more severe after a short exercise bout performed in cold dry than hot humid air.  Together these results confirm that exercise-induced hyperventilation can have a noxious effect on the fragile airway epithelium of healthy young athletes.

No description available.

With the increasing popularity all over the world of Ironman triathlon events, the need to determine the type, timing and number of injuries sustained by these triathletes on race day is evident. Also to determine the optimum medical staffing requirements and knowledge during these events is of importance. The Ironman South Africa 2011 (IMSA) took place on the 10 of April of that year. On that day 1742 triathletes started the event and a total of 1477 where able to complete the entire race distance in the time period allowed, (completion rate of 84.8%). Of those athletes competing, a total of 183 (male 155)(87.4%) and 28 (female)(11.3%) presented to the medical facility for treatment. The mean age of the triathletes presenting was 38.73(SD±9.82) years and the mean time of presentation to the facility was 12.35(SD±2.33) hours after the start of the event. Injury prevalence showed exercise associated collapse (EAC) to be the most common presentation at 44.8%. The medical support and staffing was established to fit the temporal model of injuries sustained by non elite Ironman triathletes. This allowed increasing medical staffing in the latter stages of the race when a greater number of athletes were expected to present for medical assistance.

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Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Specialist degree in education, Eastern Illinois University. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 23).

Framed as an instrumental case study, the purpose of this investigation was to understand how a select group of women, Black female athletic directors, define and negotiate their race, gender, and class identities. Data was collected via a qualitative indepth semi-structured interview methodology. The women who were chosen for this research are Black female athletic directors of NCAA Division I, II, and III intercollegiate athletic departments. The data analysis consisted of coding the data at two levels: first-level coding and pattern coding, and following the coding process, the emergent findings were compared with the identity negotiation theory (i.e. selfverification and behavioral confirmation processes) in order to understand how the Black female athletic directors negotiated their race, gender, and class identities. This investigation found that Black women athletic directors used two different denotations (i.e. African American and Black) to reference their racial identity, and race was the most salient identity because of their upbringings, childhood experiences, and dealings with racism. All of the women are heterosexual, but insufficient data did not allow a full understanding how they define their gender identity. In describing their class status, the majority of the women came from a traditionally defined lower socioeconomic class background, but as a result of their athletic director appointment they now reside in the middle or upper middle economic class status. In understanding how Black female athletic directors negotiate their identities within and outside the athletic department, and what factors are associated with the negotiation of their identities, this investigation found that the Black women athletic directors had to establish, maintain, and change their race, gender, and class identities with the utilization of various self-verification and behavioral confirmation strategies. These negotiations were conducted in response to the expectations that ensued as a result of their role in a leadership position, lesbian, intra- and inter-racial interactions, and exposure to lesbian, Mammy, and Sapphire stereotypes.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1971. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 367-381). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.