Two non-traditional picture related methods of instruction were developed for this study: a picture-oriented method and an altered-pictures method. They were designed to determine whether either method was more effective than traditional content area instruction in helping students to remember and understand social studies text. In addition to the immediate effects on text comprehension and recall, the delayed effects of these two pictorial methods were examined. Also investigated were the effects of individual imagery ability and gender on a student's potential to profit from such methods. The teachers giving conventional instruction focused students' attention on the text passages only, although pictures did accompany the text. In the picture-oriented method of instruction teachers directed attention to both pictures and text, developing picture/text integration. Finally, teachers using the altered-pictures method of instruction discussed the meaning of mnemonically recodable elements which had been added to the pictures. In both the grade 8 and 11 samples the two experimental groups outperformed the conventional groups on measures of immediate and delayed recall. For the grade 8 sample, it was found that the altered-pictures method of instruction resulted in superior recall compared not only to that level of recall produced by the conventional method but also to that produced by the other experimental method (picture-oriented). In addition, when considering immediate with delayed performance two weeks after instruction, the grade 11 students who received the altered-pictures instruction outperformed the conventional group. For both grade samples, an additional finding was that males outperformed females in their overall recall (both immediate and delayed measures) regardless of imagery ability or type of instruction received. At both grade levels, no particular type of instruction was of benefit to one gender more than to the other, and students of high or low imagery ability were able to profit similarly from all forms of instruction. / Education, Faculty of / Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of / Graduate

Social (public speaking) anxiety disorder is the most prevalent of all anxiety disorders, and it often impairs social and occupational functioning. Intervention studies indicate that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious treatment for social anxiety. However, access to therapists skilled in CBT for social anxiety is often difficult. In order to respond to the problem of access, the use of videoconferencing for mental health care has developed. No published study has investigated the efficacy of CBT for social anxiety when provided via videoconferencing. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine the efficacy of CBT for social anxiety when provided via videoconferencing. A single-case replication design was employed that included a baseline period of 3 weeks, followed by 12 weeks of . treatment, 1-week post-intervention period, and 3-month follow-up. Five participants completed treatment. It was hypothesized that participants would reduce their social anxiety symptoms (i.e., decrease anxiety during speech task, increase duration of speech task, and decrease public speaking anxiety) assessed on standardized measures of social anxiety. Exploratory analyses of changes in self-monitored social anxiety, negative cognitions (public self-consciousness, fear of negative evaluation, internal attributions), working alliance, client satisfaction with treatment, and client comfort with videoconferencing were also performed. Analyses included visual and statistical significance, as well as clinical significance (i.e., endstate functioning, social phobia diagnostic status). The results indicated that two of three hypotheses were supported (i.e., anxiety during speech task reduced and duration of speech task increased over time). At 3-month follow-up, treatment gains were maintained or improved further; 3 participants no longer met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for social anxiety disorder, and 4 participants met criteria for moderate or high level of endstate functioning (i.e., clinical significance). Exploratory analyses revealed that self-monitored social anxiety decreased for 3 of 5 participants, and that a decrease in negative cognitions was associated with a decrease in social anxiety. Working alliance ratings remained high throughout treatment. Satisfaction with videoconferencing decreased over treatment for the participant who did not improve. Generally, comfort with videoconferencing increased over time. The results offer preliminary support for further research about the efficacy of the intervention. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

In order to create a motivational device to help students become more aware of their surroundings, an audio-visual project was chosen as the most effective means of reaching intermediate grade children in a low socio-ecomonic area. Developing an effective sett of motivational experiences for enriching learning through seeing in the art education program was the task undertaken in this study.

During my brief career as an instructor in the Quartermaster School, Camp Lee, Va., in 1945-46, I became interested in the use of audio-visual aids by the Army in teaching soldiers various Army procedures. I was subjected to an Army course in the use of Audio-visual aids, and later I designed visual aids for use in the Quartermaster School. At that time I compared the use of these aids by the Army with the possible use of the aids in music education. When I returned to the College of the Pacific, I enrolled in a summer session course in audio-visual aids which was conducted by Thad Stevens of Oakland, California. This thesis is a result of my interest in this subject; an interest that I intend to retain in my work in music education. Of specific interest in the presentation of this thesis is the following quotation from the California Administrative Code: ”Institution to be considered for approval to offer the training and to make the recommendation for the kindergarten-primary, general elementary, junior high school, general secondary and junior college credential must, effective July 1, 1947, maintain a course, or the equivalent, of at least two semester-units in value in audio-visual-radio education and require that such course be successfully completed by each applicant for one or another of the credentials listed above.” As teacher training institutions present courses in the use of audio-visual aids, it is to be expected that the use of these aids will increase in California schools. Music teachers will now be informed in the values of audio-visual education, and many innovations in music education will undoubtedly be presented in the near future.

This study was an attempt to determine the effectiveness of loopfilms as a supplement to the demonstration-explanation method of teaching sports skills.

Media play a large part in most of our daily lives. We watch television; we go to the movies; we listen to the radio. For years educators have been adapting media-related technological advancements for the purpose of teaching in the classroom. Here at the Physics Department of the University of the Pacific, we have adapted the medium of synchronized slide-tapes for use in the laboratory component of our calculus-based introductory physics course.

This study deals with the use of media in oral interpretation performances. The modes of media performance which are defined and examined are multimedia, mixed-media, and intermedia. Multimedia uses media devices exclusively; mixed-media employs media and live performers; intermedia utilizes media to create an environment in which the performer, literature, and audience participate to form an experience. These modes of media performance are analyzed and then related to oral interpretation. The advantages and disadvantages of incorporating media into oral interpretation are examined, and theoretical statements are made regarding the use of media in oral interpretation performances.

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